Enrichment of Larval Fish Feed with Free Amino Acids and Proteins by Coating with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGHN14 Homogenate

This research aimed to test whether coating with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGHN14 homogenate may increase soluble protein and amino acid amount on larval fish feed surface. Total amino acid and protein, as well as taste stimulating and growth promoting amino acid amounts were analyzed in coated feed samples. Results indicated that coating with BGHN14 homogenate increased the amount of soluble proteins and free Glycine on feed surface, as well as the availability of protein-bound (hydroxy-)Proline. This lab-scale research provides the basis for use of lactobacilli as resource efficient source of soluble nutrients for animal feedstuffs.

Population epidemiology and concordance for plasma amino acids and precursors in 11–12-year-old children and their parents

Amino acid (AA) concentrations are influenced by both exogenous (e.g. diet, lifestyle) and endogenous factors (e.g. genetic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and metabolomic). Fasting plasma AA profiles in adulthood are predictive of diabetes risk over periods of up to 12 years. Data on AA profiles in cross-generational cohorts, including individuals from shared gene-environment settings are scarce, but would allow the identification of the contribution of heritable and environmental factors characterising the levels of circulating AAs. This study aimed to investigate parent–child (familial dyad) concordance, absolute differences between generations- (children versus adults), age- (in adults: 28–71 years), and sex-dependent differences in plasma AA concentrations. Plasma AA concentrations were measured by UHPLC/MS–MS in 1166 children [mean (SD) age 11 (0.5) years, 51% female] and 1324 of their parents [44 (5.1) years, 87% female]. AA concentrations were variably concordant between parents and their children (5–41% of variability explained). Most AA concentrations were higher in adults than children, except for the non-essential AAs arginine, aspartic acid, glutamine, hydroxy-proline, proline, and serine. Male adults and children typically had higher AA concentrations than females. The exceptions were alanine, glutamine, glycine, hydroxy-proline, serine, and threonine in girls; and glycine and serine in women. Age, sex, and shared familial factors are important determinants of plasma AA concentrations.

Enone-promoted decarboxylation of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in flow: a side-by-side comparison to batch

An efficient and scalable enone-promoted method for the decarboxylation of trans-4-hydroxy-proline has been developed in flow to provide access to (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ol hydrochloride using biomass-derived isophorone.

Evaluation of Growth, Carcass and Meat Quality of a Two-way Cross Developed for Rural Poultry Farming

Background: Rural poultry farming with improved dual purpose chicken varieties is fast growing in the country. The meat quality of cocks and its acceptance by the consumer is important for its propagation as dual purpose variety. The two way cross produced by PD-1 xPD-4 (improved Aseel) was evaluated for growth, carcass and meat quality.Metohds: The growth, carcass and meat quality traits were evaluated in a two way cross developed and propagated for rural poultry farming at ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The data collected on 232 birds for growth, 40 birds for carcass and 20 birds for meat quality were utilized for the study. Result: The body weight and shank length significantly (P£0.05) differed between the sexes from six weeks onwards with higher (P£0.05) body weights and longer shanks in males. The six week body weight and shank length were 578.23±8.22g and 78.93±6.22 mm in males and 548.28±7.20 g and 76.15±5.28 mm in females, respectively. The Least squares means for body weight at 12 weeks of age in males and females were 1652.61±21.49 and 1367.86 ±14.99 g, respectively. Males had strong legs with significantly (P£0.05) high proportion of thigh meat. The effect of sex was non-significant on Dressing percentage (DP), neck, back and breast meat proportions. The DP was 71.12±0.22% in males and 72.51±0.43 % in females, respectively. The bone proportion was higher (P£0.05) in males. Abdominal fat proportion was significantly (P£0.05) higher in pullets. Feather proportion was higher (P£0.05) in males. Sex did not show any significant variation on the pH, Shear force value (SFV) and Hydroxy Proline (HP) values. The yellowness (b*) differed (P£0.05) between the sexes and it was lower in males. The fat and moisture content differed significantly (P£0.05) between the sexes. Fat proportion was higher (P£0.05) in females (3.57±0.05) than in males (2.97±0.01). Protein and ash proportions were similar in both the sexes. The sensory attributes ranged from 6.55 to 7.15 on an eight point scale in two-way cross meat indicating better consumer acceptability. The study concluded that, two-way cross with ideal growth, carcass and optimum meat quality and reasonable consumer acceptability may be a suitable variety for propagating in rural and tribal areas under free range backyard conditions.

Synthesis of -Hydroxy -Proline: Potential for Organocataly-sis Reactions

A chiral organic molecule, L-proline catalyzed an enantioselective transformation reaction has becoming interesting synthetic protocol especially in the area of organocatalysis. Herein, a synthetic approach towards -hydroxy--proline starting from bicyclic lactone lactam is hereby described. The syntheses utilized dicarboxylation reaction of bicyclic lacton lactam, followed by ether hydrolysis of the bicyclic ether and oxidation reaction of the primary alcohol. The synthetic strategy disclosed here allows further the enantioselective synthesis of a variety of unnatural amino acids based on -proline structure.

Why hydroxy-proline improves the catalytic power of the peptidoglycan N-deacetylase enzyme: insight from theory

The OH moiety of 2Hyp establishes a larger H-bond network and an electrostatic environment that stabilizes the transition state, reducing the related energy demand.

A SIMPLE BIOPROCESSING METHOD FOR COLLAGEN PEPTIDE FROM THE FISH OFFALS OF RASTRELLIGER KANAGURTA AND ITS HPTLC QUANTITATION

The present study describes the isolation and extraction of collagen and collagen peptide from the crude, fish offals of the common Indian macreal fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta), which makes the total extraction process more economical compared to the existing industrial procedures. Hydrolyzed collagen provides additional amounts of amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxy proline, which are specially needed for the body to support connective tissue structure and to maintain healthy cell function. These three amino acids are present at a high concentration in collagen peptide compared to other amino acids. The yield of collagen peptide was found to be 34% w/w. The HPTLC analysis of RFCP (Rastrelliger kanagurta Collagen Peptide) and the marketed collagen peptide sample revealed that the amount of proline present is 2.33 and 0.86% w/w respectively. The amino acid glycine was not detected in the marketed sample but the laboratory extracted sample (RFCP) showed 0.26% w/w.