Healthy and pro-inflammatory gut ecology plays a crucial role in the digestion and tolerance of a novel Gluten Friendly™ bread in celiac subjects: a randomized, double blind, placebo control in vivo study

Gluten Friendly™ (GF) is a new gluten achieved through a physicochemical process applied to wheat kernels. The goal of this research was to assess the in vivo effects of Gluten Friendly™ bread on celiac gut mucosa and microbiota.

Deriving environmental friendly products from local waste oil and fat production

A formulation of safe products was developed and 4 pilot batches of bitumen were obtained in small quantities - replacing binders from local waste of oil and fat and oil production. The origin and characteristics of the used local waste and additional components are considered. A scheme for obtaining a bitumen-replacement mixture for the use of insulating and roofing coverings has been developed. Experiments on the utilization of local waste by the physicochemical process and the process of raw material oxidation have been carried out. Experimental batches of bitumen-replacement mixture have been prepared for the use of insulation and roofing. The results of comparative tests of pilot batches of bitumen-replacement mixtures for physical and mechanical characteristics in accordance with GOST 6617-76 are presented.

Analysis of the physicochemical process in the production of biogas from equine manure

The present research aims to evaluate the physicochemical variables involved in the anaerobic digestion process to produce methane from manure on an agricultural farm; the farm has 2 equines that generate 12 Kg of manure per day. A manure sample was collected, and the following physicochemical parameters were determined: total solids, volatile solids, chemical oxygen demand, and pH. A tubular household biodigester was then implemented, consisting mainly of a polyethylene geomembrane that stores the organic matter and in which anaerobic digestion takes place. The performance of the biodigester was determined by the removal of organic matter quantified by volatile solids and chemical oxygen demand in the biodigester influent and digestate, of which removal of 82% of volatile solids and 74% of chemical oxygen demand was achieved. The average biogas production was 0.5 m3/day, and its lower heating value was 26,000 kJ/m3. The pH level of the biodigester was within the range of 6-7, in order to keep the methanogenic bacteria active, in charge of carrying out physicochemical process that guarantees anaerobic digestion and thus, the production of biogas.

Biosorption of Zn(II) from Seawater Solution by the Microalgal Biomass of Tetraselmis marina AC16-MESO

Biosorption refers to a physicochemical process where substances are removed from the solution by a biological material (live or dead) via adsorption processes governed by mechanisms such as surface complexation, ion exchange, and precipitation. This study aimed to evaluate the adsorption of Zn2+ in seawater using the microalgal biomass of Tetraselmis marina AC16-MESO “in vivo” and “not alive” at different concentrations of Zn2+ (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg L−1) at 72 h. Analysis was carried out by using the Langmuir isotherms and by evaluating the autofluorescence from microalgae. The maximum adsorption of Zn2+ by the Langmuir model using the Qmax parameter in the living microalgal biomass (Qmax = 0.03051 mg g−1) was more significant than the non-living microalgal biomass of T. marine AC16-MESO (Qmax = 0.02297 mg g−1). Furthermore, a decrease in fluorescence was detected in cells from T. marina AC16-MESO, in the following order: Zn2+ (0 < 20 < 5 < 10) mg L−1. Zn2+ was adsorbed quickly by living cells from T. marine AC16-MESO compared to the non-living microalgal biomass, with a decrease in photosystem II activities from 0 to 20 mg L−1 Zn2+ in living cells.

Dehydration Enhances Prebiotic Lipid Remodeling and Vesicle Formation in Acidic Environments

The encapsulation of genetic polymers inside lipid bilayer compartments is a vital step in the emergence of cell-based life. However, even though acidic conditions promote many reactions required for generating prebiotic building blocks, prebiotically-relevant lipids tend to form denser aggregates at acidic pHs rather than prebiotically useful vesicles that exhibit sufficient solute encapsulation. Here we describe how dehydration/rehydration (DR) events, a prebiotically-relevant physicochemical process known to promote polymerization reactions, can remodel dense lipid aggregates into thin-walled vesicles capable of RNA encapsulation even at acidic pHs. Furthermore, DR events appears to favor the encapsulation of RNA within thin-walled vesicles over more lipid-rich vesicles, thus conferring such vesicles a selective advantage.

ANALYSIS OF USING ELECTRONIC FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS

High-rise multi-storey buildings are one of the most widely used types of buildings in town-planning (urban planning). Depending on their purpose, high-rise multi-storey buildings are considered to be both constructive and engineering-technically complex objects. The current use of modern construction technologies intends the widespread use of a large number of engineering systems in high-rise multi-storey buildings. These include such examples as ventilation, heating, lighting, communications, building automation, etc. It should be pointed out that fire safety systems play one of the key roles in building automation. This is due to the fact that multi-storey buildings have rather high energy consumers and the use of a large number of various systems consequently increase the probability of fire occurence. In addition, it is worth pointing out that the human factor plays an important role in fire occurrence, because human is the direct author of constructive and technical solutions, the end user of the apartments having a high probability of fire, so much depends on his actions as a result. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the use of various technical units to increase the efficiency of multi-storey buildings in terms of fire safety. First, fire is studied as a physicochemical process and then analysis of various fire safety problems that arise during the operation of multi-storey buildings in the Republic of Azerbaijan and foreign countries and their practical solutions based on this analysis are examined in the article. Keywords: fire, smoke extraction/ventilation systems, fire alarm systems, fire detectors, fire controllers, building automation, video analytics

Investigation of organic impurity and its occurrence in industrial waste salt produced by physicochemical process

Industrial waste salt is classified as hazardous waste to the environment. The organic impurity and its occurrence in industrial waste salt affect the salt resource utilization. In this paper, composition quantitative analysis, XRD, TG-DSC, SEM/FIB-SEM coupled with EDS, FTIR, XPS and GC-Ms were chosen to investigate the organic impurity and its occurrence in industrial waste salt. The organic impurities owe small proportion (1.77%) in the specimen and exhibit weak thermal stability within the temperature of 600°C. A clear definition of organic impurity, including 11 kinds of organic compounds, including aldehyde, benzene and its derivatives etc., were detected in the industrial waste salt. These organic impurities, owing (C-O/C-O-C, C-OH/C = O, C–C/CHx/C = C etc.)-containing function group substance, are mainly distributed both on the surface and inside of the salt particles. Meanwhile, the organic substance may combine with metal cations (Ni2+, Mg2+, Cu2+ etc.) through functional groups, such as hydroxide, carbonyl etc., which increases its stability in the industrial waste salt. These findings provide comprehensive information for the resource utilization of industrial waste salt from chemical industry etc.

Development of Solid–Fluid Reaction Models—A Literature Review

A comprehensive review is carried out on the models and correlations for solid/fluid reactions that result from a complex multi-scale physicochemical process. A simulation of this process with CFD requires various complicated submodels and significant computational time, which often makes it undesirable and impractical in many industrial activities requiring a quick solution within a limited time frame, such as new product/process design, feasibility studies, and the evaluation or optimization of the existing processes, etc. In these circumstances, the existing models and correlations developed in the last few decades are of significant relevance and become a useful simulation tool. However, despite the increasing research interests in this area in the last thirty years, there is no comprehensive review available. This paper is thus motivated to review the models developed so far, as well as provide the selection guidance for model and correlations for the specific application to help engineers and researchers choose the most appropriate model for feasible solutions. Therefore, this review is also of practical relevance to professionals who need to perform engineering design or simulation work. The areas needing further development in solid–fluid reaction modelling are also identified and discussed.