ADSORBATIVE SEPARATION OF DOXYCYCLINE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH N,N-DIETHYL N-METHYL CHITOSAN, GUM AND POLYACRYLIC ACID BASED HYDROGELS

The separation and purification of antibiotics with sorption by ion-exchange materials, as well as their delivery in biological processes by immobilization, are now widely used in biotechnology. There are many scientific studies in the literature on the sorption of antibiotics by polymer-based sorbents and inorganic materials, as well as the study of thermodynamics and kinetics of the process. In the literature, the acquisition of biologically active systems from the sorption of antibiotics by ion-exchange fibers based on various polymers and inorganic substances was carried out. However, the synthesis of selective gels for the effective separation of doxycycline and its delivery in different pH mediums by sorption with biodegradable, biocompatible polysaccharide-containing composites is one of the topical issues. Gel was synthesized from the cross-linking of N,N-diethyl N-methyl derivative of a natural polyaminosaccharide of chitosan by glutaric aldehyde. Also, pH-sensitive hydrogels that can swollen in water were synthesized from the cross-linking of a graft copolymer of cherry source gummiarabic with N-vinylpyrrolidone, as well as synthetic polymer polyacrylic acid with N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide. The structure of the gels were identified by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and the sorption of doxycycline antibiotic from an aqueous solution was investigated. According to the values of zeta potential, the protonation of functional groups in the main macromolecule in an acidic medium leads to a value of zeta potential of 40÷80 mV on the surface of chitosan-based gel and others. Although the chemical structure is different, the isoelectric point is set around pH=6÷8 for all three hydrogels. The dependences of the sorption process on the amount of gels, antibiotic concentration, temperature, and pH medium were studied. The experimental data were analyzed using two adsorption models, Langmuir and Freundlich, with the later system providing the best fit. Doxycycline is adsorbed on the surface of chitosan, gummiarabic and polyacrylic acid based hydrogel composite through by physical interactions. Also, the results of thermodynamic parameters ΔG40 kJ/mol show that the nature of the adsorption process is physical, and spontaneous, too. Keywords: Chitosan, Gummiarabic-arabinogalactane, polyacrylic acid, hydrogel, sorption isoterms, doxycycline, thermodynamica.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE MECHANISM FOR THE FORMATION OF THE BUDGETARY RULE IN AZERBAIJAN

Currently, in the scientific literature, there are different approaches to the need to apply budget rules and to assess their results, and there is no single approach to the need, effectiveness of their application and impact on the economy. It is clear that the application of appropriate budgetary rules in practice is necessary as an instrument of financial discipline. However, the results of the application of budget rules in different countries show that the use of this mechanism, if in some cases yields positive results, in others, leads to dramatic negative consequences. The above requires appropriate research and justification of the need, effectiveness and possible consequences of the application of budgetary rules in Azerbaijan. At present, there are different approaches in the scientific literature to assess the need for the application of budget rules and their results, and there is no consensus on the need for the application of these rules, their effectiveness and their impact on the economy. It is clear that the existence (application) of relevant budget rules in practice is necessary as an instrument of financial discipline. However, the results of the application of budget rules in different countries show that the use of this mechanism, if in some cases provides positive results, in other cases leads to sharp negative consequences. The above requires that relevant research be conducted and substantiated on the necessity, effectiveness and possible consequences of the application of budget rules in Azerbaijan. This article explores these issues. Keyword: budget rules, efficiency, world practice, theoretical approaches.

WHEN CHOOSING CATALYSTS FOR THE CONVERSION OF ISOBUTYLENE PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY

Catalysts play an extremely important role in wildlife and industry. Today it is difficult to describe chemistry and petrochemistry without catalytic processes. Catalytic processes account for 80-85% of oil refining. Therefore, the problem of choosing a catalyst is of interest both from the point of view of quality and quantity. In this paper, the activity of a high silicon zeolite catalyst used in the conversion of isobutene was studied at various temperatures, and it was determined that a sample of the zeolite catalyst during the process initially had no catalytic activity during the conversion of isobutene. The release of liquid products is observed only after the formation of 5-8% of compaction products (PM) on the surface within 25-30 minutes from the beginning. Consequently, modifiers have a positive effect on catalytic activity. In this case, the number and strength of the acid sites of the catalyst changes. The study of isobutene conversion process showed that the formation of liquid products is observed at 150°C. It was shown that in this case in the temperature range 150°C-300°C liquid products of isobutene reaction consist of primarily from aliphatic and at 350°C- 450°C from aromatic hydrocarbons. The process of conversion of hexane-1 on the high-silica zeolite catalyst is studied and it was shown that the decomposition of hexene-1 into ethene and propene is occure at the beginning, at 250°C and then the process takes place in a mixture of the two olefins. It was shown by the using of XRD, TG/DTA methods, that the formed products of seals in the conversion of isobutene and 1-hexene over the high silica zeolite catalyst,is composed of two phases that differ from each other in thermal stability. The obtained liquid products during the conversion of isobutene at 150°C-300°C can be used as high-octane gasoline fractions as motor fuel component. The adsorbed NH3 probe molecules method showed that during the conversion of propene, isobutene and hexene-1, the amount of acid sites of spent catalysts is reduced by 43-50%. In this state, the catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity. Keywords: catalyst, activity, isobutene, zeolite.

ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF AZERBAIJAN’S INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The article shows that Azerbaijan belongs to modern countries with a high rate of economic development, therefore, at the current stage of evolutionary development as a state, it has embarked on the path of a new level of improvement. This shows how in recent years the economic situation in the republic has contributed to significant economic growth, an increase in the level of both the social welfare of the state and the modernization of the socio-economic infrastructure of the republic as a whole, resulting in a diversified structure of the economy. The article reveals an assessment of the current state of industrial enterprises in Azerbaijan, as well as an analysis of the directions and trends of their development. The assessment of the current state was carried out by studying resolutions, orders, acts, strategies for long-term economic development and other documents with the help of which it is possible to assess the quantitative composition of industrial enterprises. The determination of trends in the development of industrial enterprises was carried out using the analysis of the "Main directions of the Strategic Roadmap for the National economy and the main sectors of the economy", approved by the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev on December 6, 2016. The analysis carried out in the article made it possible to determine the priority directions of sustainable development of industrial enterprises, more precisely: improvement of production; scientific, technical and innovative development; implementation of programs specified in the concept of the "Strategic Roadmap for the development of the national economy", etc. The main priority of industrial enterprises is innovative development, which includes all of the above, and NTR is presented here as a certain "layer", a means of realizing prospects. Based on the above, a logical chain of the main directions of development of industrial enterprises is constructed and their justification is given. The article reveals the investment activity of the country's economy, as well as analyzes the level of foreign investment. At the end of the article, the key directions of the formation of the innovative economy of the country are indicated, the priorities of industrial development and conclusions regarding them are indicated. Keywords: industry, business, non-oil sector, machine-building complex, sustainable development, pandemic, investment, diversification, development strategy, innovation.

ANALYSİS OF THE İMPACT OF PHYSİCAL AND CHEMİCAL FEATURES OF THE NATURAL GAS TO THE PARAMETERS OF THE GAS TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Definition of the technological regimes of the natural gas transportation system is co-related with the physical and chemical features of the gas. The results of the chemical analyses of gas in the gas turbine compressor station are laid out in the article: various levels of changes of the composition of gas at various points are described. Technological losses of gas are determined, as the result of change in its specific weight in the process of compression, cooling down and separation at the compressor station. Gas losses in the sub water main gas pipelines are analyzed. Changes of the content of the gas carbonate in the composition of the gas are analyzed, its degradation alongside the pipeline and existence of the CO2 in the composition of the low-pressure oil associated gas is described in comparison with the high-pressure natural gas, which is 3,8 times more. The problems, caused by the presence of the gas carbonate in the composition of the natural gas, are highlighted. The physical properties of natural gas are characterized by its specific gravity, temperature, pressure, volume and other parameters, and chemical properties by its composition, stability of gas-forming components. It should be noted that the physical and chemical properties of gas vary within certain limits, depending on the time, both on the reservoir and on the same reservoir. Therefore, in order to regulate the parameters of the gas transportation system, it is necessary to periodically examine and take into account the physical and chemical properties of the gas. Keywords: Natural gas, carbon dioxide,compressor station, gas pipeline, gas well.

VIBRATION PROCESSES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH DEFECTS

ABSTRACT The article is devoted to vibration diagnostics, an effective method for assessing the parameters of the mechanical state of centrifugal pumping units. The use of vibration diagnostics allows, due to early detection of malfunctions, to improve target operation, increase the turnaround time and reduce the likelihood of emergency destruction of pumping unit elements. Diagnostic signs of the presence of defects in various elements of the pumping unit are presented. During the development of diagnostic methods, the character stages of the development of injuries are selected. These stages are the formation of the injury, the accumulation of injuries, collapse, and so on. consists of stages. Dynamic forces are considered to be the main cause of vibration in machine parts. It is under the influence of dynamic forces that fatigue breaks down in machine parts. The use of vibrodiagnostics in machine parts allows to accurately assess the degree of damage to its individual nodes. This, in turn, leads to improved operating conditions. In conclusion, it should be noted that vibrodiagnostics not only detects malfunctions in machines, but also reveals the causes of its formation. Keywords: vibrodiagnostics, improvement of operational conditions, determination of defects, probability of emergency destruction, repair, assessment.

CREATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF INTELLECTUAL DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS APPLIED IN EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING

Based on comparative analysis of the current state of the issue, the main research tasks of the study were put in order to solve the current problem. The structure of the automated diagnostics system of typical industrial robots applied in flexible manufacturing systems of the appliance industry has been proposed. , The scheme of stable diagnostics of industrial robots applied in the flexible manufacturing system and also their mechatronics parts was proposed. To ensure the sustainability of the automated diagnostics of the industrial robot operating in the robotics complex, a scheme consisting of general diagnostic testing tools of the automated process control system, means of replacing faulty elements and diagnostic decision-making subsystem has been proposed. The automation scheme of the diagnostic system of technological equipment controlled by digital software, which is serviced by industrial robots in the flexible manufacturing system under study, has been proposed. The analysis of the proposed architecture of the industrial robot and its mechatronics diagnostic system was carried out. In one work turn, for the automated diagnosis of mechatronic parts of an industrial robot, the accuracy of its operations, hardness, power supply, oil content of mechanical parts, etc. requirements for verification of technical procedures have been identified. For the analysis of the architecture of the control and diagnostic system of the research object, the regulation of linear and angular displacements of the industrial robot at hierarchical levels (level 1), software testing of the current state of its execution mechanisms (level 2), automated workstation and control node connection is provided (level 3). For the automatic diagnostics of the industrial robot, the requirements for the sounds generated between the kinematic displacement points are in the accepted sound range, the vibrations in the kinematic displacement points are in the required range, and the power supply is in the required range. Automation of control and monitoring functions of the diagnostic system with the help of the server of the local industrial network of the industrial robot performing service functions in production is provided by SCADA. Keywords: instrumentation industry, flexible manufacturing system, diagnostic system, industrial robot, mechatronics part.

AREAS OF APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

Kahveci, Muzaffer, and C. A. N. Nazlı. "İnsansız hava araçları: tarihçesi, tanımı, dünyada ve türkiyedeki yasal durumu." Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik, Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 5.4 (2017): 511-535. Seguin, Celia, et al. "Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to prevent drowning." Resuscitation 127 (2018): 63-67. Ямщиков, Василий Александрович, and А. М. Саранча. "Беспилотные летательные аппараты." Техническая эксплуатация водного транспорта: проблемы и пути развития 1-1 (2019). Claesson, Andreas, et al. "Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones)" Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine 24.1 (2016): 1-9. Magdi S. Mahmoud, ... Yuanqing Xia, in Advanced Distributed Consensus for Multiagent Systems, (2021): 325 Ram Gopal Lakshmi Narayanan, Oliver C. Ibe, in Wireless Public Safety Networks 1, (2015): 285 G. Pradeep Kumar, B. Sridevi, in The Cognitive Approach in Cloud Computing and Internet of Things Technologies for Surveillance Tracking Systems, (2020): 28-36 Jibin Rajan, Debasish Ghose, in Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2021):128-136 Ahmad Taher Azar, Amjad J. Humaidi, in Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2021): 237 Deepanshu Srivastava, ... Fadi Al-Turjman, in Security in IoT Social Networks, (2021):326 Mohamed Abdelkader, ... Jeff S. Shamma, in Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2021):31-39 Muhammed Kazim, ... Lixian Zhang, in Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2021): 183 Sophie Lescure, in Multi-Rotor Platform-based UAV Systems, (2020): 24-31

INFLUENCE OF THE WATER SATURATION DEGREE ON DEMULSIFICATION OF THE RHEOLOGIC COMPLEX OILS

Studies of recent years have determined that oil emulsions are also characterized by a degree of water saturation. Since as water saturation increases (water dispersion in oil), the viscosity of oil emulsions increases significantly. The article investigated the rheological properties of various artificially created emulsions based on rheological complex oils at different temperatures. It has been determined that with an increasing of water cut and water saturation, the viscosity of the system will increase. The article also investigated the effect of changing the water content of oil on its demulsification. It has been found that by purposeful enlargement of water saturation it is possible to significantly reduce the demulsifier consumption while maintaining the efficiency of the dehydrating process. Demulsifier Disolvan-4411 was used for demulsification process. Water-oil emulsions with an initial water cut 22%were dosed with various reagent additives and samples were taken for analyzing. Temperature kept identical during all studies. The effectiveness of water-oil emulsions before and after demulsification with the demulsifier was evaluated by the amount of water dropped from stable water-emulsion in graduated bottles (method Bottle Test). Analyzing the stability of oil emulsions depending on water drop, according consumption of demulsifier we found that 2 factors impact effectiveness of demulsification process: the content of aqueous phase and degree of its dispersion. The result of experimental studies show that with an increase in oil water saturation, consumption of demulsifier decreases. Only with increasing water saturation percentage 70% and higher, the water drop rate exceeds 99%, which meets oil treatment requirements Keywords: oil emulsions, water saturation, viscosity, demulsification, demulsifier, flow curves.

IMPORTANCE OF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, USE OF CONCRETE WEIGHTING AND INSULATION MEASURES, USED DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

It was determined that the advantages and importance of pipeline transportation are related to the priority of environmental measures, the fact that costs are within the norm, and the possibility of uninterrupted transportation regardless of the season. Of the transportation methods, special attention was paid to pipe transportation, which is considered to be the most efficient. At the design stage of the pipeline, the organization of repair work during the operation of the pipeline and the capital investment allocated for construction are referred to the criteria of optimality. Although there are many technologies for pipeline aggravation, the most common of these is aggregation with a concrete coating layer. It is known that pipes with a diameter of 530 mm and a wall thickness of 14 mm are used during pipe laying in offshore areas. For concrete treatment of these pipes, it is recommended to use 400-500 grade slag portland or putty cement, especially in the marine environment. Waterproofing is considered suitable for protecting submarine pipes from wear. For the implementation of the waterproofing layer, it is recommended to use either brizol or insulation in construction. An important factor is the provision of special insulation measures in the open part of the pipe after welding, which is explained in the article. Welding must be performed in accordance with the standard and welding materials must be licensed. There are many technologies for welding. Manual arc welding has the widest field of application. Prior to welding, there are important works that can affect the quality of work, including heating the pipe and sawing the pipe ring. The differences between the post-heated welding process of the pipe and the unheated welding process are known from production experience. During operation, the pipeline is affected by climate change and loads (various shock effects; seismic; as well as ripples if submerged; underwater currents, etc.). If the weld is as strong as the base metal, it will continue to do so. This strength can also be achieved by the absence of temperature differences during welding. Keywords: pipe, pump, concrete coating, insulation, welding.