Intelligent Robotic Palletizer System

In the global wave of automation, logistics and manufacturing are indispensable and important industries. Among them, the related automatic warehousing system is even more urgently needed. There are quite a few cases of using robotic arms in the current industry cargo stacking operations. Traditional operations require engineers to plan the stacking path for the robotic arm. If the size of the object changes, it will take extra time to re-plan the work path. Therefore, in recent years, quite a lot of automatic palletizing software has been developed; however, none of it has a detection mechanism for stacking correctness and personnel safety. As a result, in this research, an intelligent robotic palletizer system is developed based on a self-developed symmetrical algorithm to stack the goods in a staggered arrangement to ensure the overall structure. Innovatively, it is proposed to check the arrangement status and warnings during the visual stack inspection to ensure the correctness of the stacking process. Besides, an AI algorithm is imported to ensure that personnel cannot enter the set dangerous area during the work of the robotic arm to improve safety during stacking. In addition to uploading the relevant data to the cloud database in real time, the stacking process combined database and vision system also provide users with real-time monitoring of system information.

Study on Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Past Two Circular Cylinders in Staggered Arrangement

The fusion reactor is anticipated to be a new source of clean energy. Magnetohydrodynamic flow in the fusion blanket is expected to cause the flow to be highly stable, causing the heat transfer to be poor. Passive vortex promoter such as bluff body is one of the methods found to be has a great potential in optimizing the heat transfer. In this study, two circular cylinders in a staggered arrangement are introduced to promote vortices to enhance heat convection from a heated wall using an electrically conducting fluid under a constant magnetic field. The effect of the Hartmann friction parameter and the height differential onto the Nusselt number were examined. Modified Navier—Stokes equations known as SM82 were used using OpenFOAM to simulate the confined, quasi-two-dimensional, incompressible and laminar MHD flow past the bluff bodies. It was found that the heat transfer is better when the height differential is small.

Numerical study on heat transfer characteristics of swirling flow on dimpled surfaces with effusion holes at turbine blade leading edge

In this paper, we conducted a numerical study to investigate the effect of the offset of the jet holes on heat transfer of swirling flow in a concave target chamber with various dimple structures and effusion holes at the turbine blade leading edge. The distance of the jet holes off the centerline e/d varies from 0 to 2.0. Four types of dimple structure, including spherical dimples (SDs) and oval-trench dimples (OTDs) in the inline and staggered arrangement, are considered. The heat transfer performance of the different leading-edge, impingement-effusion cooling structures is evaluated and compared at a Reynolds number of 30,000 based on the jet hole diameter. Results show that the offset of the jet holes provides 15% higher overall heat transfer performance and more uniform heat transfer of the target surface within the e/d range of 0-2.0. The introduction of the dimple structures on the target surface slightly decreases the overall averaged Nusselt number but enhance the heat transfer quantity due to the clear increase of heat transfer areas. Under the same e/d, the OTD structure, especially with the staggered arrangement, is superior to SD structure.

Investigation of aerodynamics and heat transfer of the modular jet recuperator

A study of the aerodynamics and heat transfer of a jet modular recuperator with a change in its geometric characteristics has been carried out. The influence of the in-line and staggered arrangement of the blowing holes, as well as the diameter of the perforated pipe is considered. In all considered variants, the number of holes, their diameter and gas flow rate through the recuperator remained unchanged. Numerical modeling of the problem was carried out in a three-dimensional setting using the ANSYS Fluent 15.0 software package. It was found that with the in-line arrangement of the blowing holes, secondary flows are formed between their longitudinal rows in the form of swirling jets of opposite rotation directed towards the outlet section of the recuperative device, through which the main part of the heated air flows out. With the staggered arrangement of the blowing holes, the formation of spiral vortices is disturbed, the air flow is carried out along the entire cross section of the annular channel, increasing the drift effect of the flow on the impact jets, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of heat transfer and its uniformity along the length of the working surface. An increase in the diameter of the inner perforated pipe leads to a decrease in the drift effect of the cocurrent flow on the jets, an increase in the distribution uniformity of the heat flux along the length of the heat transfer surface, and an increase in the heat transfer coefficient.

Experimental investigation of local heat transfer measurement having inclined discrete ribs of solar air heater duct using LCT technique

The steady-state experiment using liquid crystal thermography has been conducted for the analysis of Nusselt number distribution over the absorber surface of solar air heater duct having a gap with the staggered arrangement in inclined rib geometry to recuperate its thermal performance. The heat transfer experiment is performed with uniform heat flux and thermo-chromic liquid crystal is utilized to show the temperature distribution profile over the ribbed surfaces of the rectangular duct of aspect ratio of 5. The colored pattern image of TLCs was acquired using a 3CCD camera and exported to a TIFF file format using frame grabbing SOFTWARE SAPERALT which was further processed to get HSI values. The flow parameters considered in this present investigation are Re, d/W, and g/e varied from 4000-12500,0.15-0.45 and 1-4 respectively. Experiments has been performed with fixed P/e, r/e, p′/P, a and e/Dh of 10, 2, 0.6, 60° and 0.0303 respectively. The influence of relative gap position and relative gap width on flow pattern has been analyzed. The maximum augmentation in Nu and f over the smooth duct was obtained as 4.01 and 4.28 times respectively at the optimum value of d/W = 0.35 and g/e = 2 under similar flow conditions. The maximum value of THPP obtained at d/W & g/e of 0.35 & 2 respectively and Reynolds number of 12445.

Statistical and Simulation Analysis on Dimple Configurations Performance of Heat Dissipation

This paper presents an investigation on cooling effect and flow structure of the spherical dimple configuration during air flow on the Aluminium surface. It is prominently known that applying dimples profile causes an enhancement in heat transfer over a plain surface. A three level of Box-Behnken response surface methodology was performed to find the correlation between the input and output variables. A total of 17 different combinations of these inputs were performed throughout the experiment. The variable inputs to be investigated namely: dimple diameter of 10 - 14 mm, dimple orientation angle of 60°- 90°, and airflow velocity of 16 - 18 m/s to observe the response on the cooling time. The Aluminium block was heated to 60°C and cooled down by air flow at room temperature. The ANOVA was used to identify the significant effect of each parameter. CFD software was used as a simulation tool to analyze the flow structure and Reynolds number that associate with the heat transfer rate to support the statistical findings. Based on the result, all the input parameters are found to be significantly dominated by air flow velocity. Staggered arrangement dimple profile surface improves cooling effect by 63% over the plain flat surface. The increment in Reynolds number will increase the heat transfer which then shortening the cooling time.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger with Individually Finned Heat Pipes

The present study is devoted to the modeling, design, and experimental study of a heat pipe heat exchanger utilized as a recuperator in small air conditioning systems (airflow ≈ 300–500 m3/h), comprised of individually finned heat pipes. A thermal heat pipe heat exchanger model was developed, based on available correlations. Based on the previous experimental works of authors, refrigerant R404A was recognized as the best working fluid with a 20% heat pipe filling ratio. An engineering analysis of parametric calculations performed with the aid of the computational model concluded 20 rows of finned heat pipes in the staggered arrangement as a guarantee of stable heat exchanger effectiveness ≈ 60%. The optimization of the overall cost function by the “brute-force” method has backed up the choice of the best heat exchanger parameters. The 0.05 m traversal (finned pipes in contact with each other) and 0.062 m longitudinal distance were optimized to maximize effectiveness (up to 66%) and minimize pressure drop (less than 150 Pa). The designed heat exchanger was constructed and tested on the experimental rig. The experimental data yielded a good level of agreement with the model—relative difference within 10%.

ANALISIS LAJU ALIRAN MASSA FLUIDA DINGIN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENUKAR KALOR SHELL AND TUBE DESTILLASI MINYAK ATSIRI CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum)

Shell and tube type heat exchanger is a component of clove essential oil distillation apparatus using hot steam as hot fluid and water as a cold fluid, each flowing in opposite directions. The distillation system in the field still uses a condenser or straight pipe heat exchanger, where the temperature of the hot fluid that comes out is still considered high enough so that the indication of effectiveness is not optimal. To optimize the effectiveness, a shell and tube heat exchanger is designed with a numerical method based on Fluent CFD using a hexagonal pipe geometry in tube layouts of 30°, 60°, 45°, and 90° inline and staggered arrangement and counter flow type. This study varied the cold mass flow rate (ṁc) = 0.052; 0.059; 0.083; 0.1; 0.12 Kg/s, while the mass flow rate of the hot fluid is constant. The simulation results obtained that the maximum effectiveness occurred at a mass flow rate of 0.052 kg/s of 5.45% staggered layout and the minimum occurred at a mass flow rate of 0.12 kg/s of 4.01% on an inline layout. The results of this research are also expected to help the community which can be used for various essential oils.