Analysis of nuclear fusion exists inside earth

Using the falsification method, it is proved that "There are three main sources of heat in the deep earth: (1) heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost; (2) frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet; and (3) heat from the decay of radioactive elements" is a false proposition, it is inferred that the source of heat in the deep earth must have an unknown exothermic factor, and this exothermic factor is the heat from intermolecular nuclear fusion. Then, using the quantum tunneling effect of proton and the observed continental plate drift facts, it is determined that there must be nuclear fusion inside the earth. Through the diagram of temperature of planet Earth, it can be determined that the endothermic nuclear fusion reaction occurs in the core of the earth, and because the water becomes solid and cannot ionize hydrogen ions, nuclear fusion cannot occur, so as to determine that the temperature at Earth's center is the freezing point of the saline solution at the center of the earth's core.

The Proton-Boron Reaction Increases the Radiobiological Effectiveness of Clinical Low- and High-Energy Proton Beams: Novel Experimental Evidence and Perspectives

Protontherapy is a rapidly expanding radiotherapy modality where accelerated proton beams are used to precisely deliver the dose to the tumor target but is generally considered ineffective against radioresistant tumors. Proton-Boron Capture Therapy (PBCT) is a novel approach aimed at enhancing proton biological effectiveness. PBCT exploits a nuclear fusion reaction between low-energy protons and 11B atoms, i.e. p+11B→ 3α (p-B), which is supposed to produce highly-DNA damaging α-particles exclusively across the tumor-conformed Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP), without harming healthy tissues in the beam entrance channel. To confirm previous work on PBCT, here we report new in-vitro data obtained at the 62-MeV ocular melanoma-dedicated proton beamline of the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Catania, Italy. For the first time, we also tested PBCT at the 250-MeV proton beamline used for deep-seated cancers at the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO), Pavia, Italy. We used Sodium Mercaptododecaborate (BSH) as 11B carrier, DU145 prostate cancer cells to assess cell killing and non-cancer epithelial breast MCF-10A cells for quantifying chromosome aberrations (CAs) by FISH painting and DNA repair pathway protein expression by western blotting. Cells were exposed at various depths along the two clinical SOBPs. Compared to exposure in the absence of boron, proton irradiation in the presence of BSH significantly reduced DU145 clonogenic survival and increased both frequency and complexity of CAs in MCF-10A cells at the mid- and distal SOBP positions, but not at the beam entrance. BSH-mediated enhancement of DNA damage response was also found at mid-SOBP. These results corroborate PBCT as a strategy to render protontherapy amenable towards radiotherapy-resilient tumor. If coupled with emerging proton FLASH radiotherapy modalities, PBCT could thus widen the protontherapy therapeutic index.

Application of Solar Energy in Medical Instruments (Microscope)

Investments in solar PV capacities are now rapidly growing in both grid connected and off grid mode. Solar generation has been a reliable source for supplying electricity in regions without access to the grid for long. Development of renewable energy sources, therefore, has a vast potential in Sudan. Solar energy is a radiant energy which produces by the sun as result of nuclear fusion reaction. Medical services cannot be reached to people in rural areas and war’s zones which remotely isolated because of poor road links with the urban centers, and remoteness from the national electrical transmission grid. So, to make the medical services available, a PV encapsulation and manufacturing solar system is used to generate an electric supply which used to supply them, and the microscope’s circuit is changed to achieve the required results.

Possibility of a Sonofusion Reactor – Nuclear Fusion induced by Cherenkov Radiation from the ZPF field in a Collapsing Water Bubble

Sonofusion, also known as bubble fusion, is the name for a nuclear fusion reaction hypothesized to occur during a high-pressure version of sonoluminescence. By applying this phenomenon, the researchers caused bubbles in the deuterated acetone liquid with oscillating sound waves to expand and then violently collapse for producing a flash and enormous heat that has the potential to fuse nuclei together. In this paper, the authors present the theoretical explanation of sonoluminescence, which accounts for the sonofusion induced by Cherenkov radiation which is generated from tachyon pairs created from ZPF field in a collapsing water bubble, and the possible structure of a sonofusion reactor.

Two methods to create free energy

Today, the best way to get free energy is nuclear, through fission, and hopefully soon through fusion. The best way to get clean and friendly energy in a sustainable way remains the start of the nuclear fusion reaction at an industrial scale. Nuclear fusion is the combination of two light nuclei in a heavier nucleus. Fusion or thermonuclear reaction of light elements are typical reactions that occur in the Sun and other stars. Indeed, in the Sun, every second, 657 million tons of hydrogen are converted into 653 million tons of helium. The 4 million tonnes missing are then converted to radiation - this phenomenon assuring the sun's shine. A fusion reaction in which a relatively large amount of energy (27.7 MeV) is released is one in which four protons interact leading to the formation of a helium nucleus (an alpha particle). The paper proposes two modern methods of obtaining free energy, one of which is somewhat strange, the capillarity. Until one of the two new ideas proposed, the first for the start of the nuclear fusion reaction, and the second one for the possible construction of capillary power plants in the future, it is still necessary to keep the green energy of any type already existing and nuclear fission.

Analytical version of the resonance coupled-channel model for D + T → 5He** → α + n reaction and its application for the description of low-energy D-T and D- 3He scattering

The purpose of the present paper is the formulation of the analytical version of the resonance coupled-channel model (RCCM) originally developed for D + T → 5He** → α + n nuclear fusion reaction. The integral in the denominator of the Breit-Wigner type is examined in the expression for S-matrix elements of binary processes in this model. Imaginary part of this integral determines the energy-dependent decay width for the near-threshold channel. It is demonstrated that this integral can be calculated explicitly with the Binet representation for the ψ-function (the logarithmic derivation of the gamma function). As the result the explicit expression for the S-matrix elements in the form of analytical functions of the channel momenta are obtained and the equivalence of the RCCM and the effective range approximation (Landau – Smorodinsky – Bethe approximation) is established on this basis. This allows expressing the parameters of the RCCM through the model independent system characteristics: the complex scattering length and the complex effective range. Several sets of model parameters of both approaches that provide a good description of the measured data on D + T → α + n reaction and D-T elastic scattering are derived. By this means we find the location of the S – matrix poles on different Riemann sheets which corresponds to Jπ = (3/2)+ state of 5He and 5Li nuclei. In particular, the location of the resonance (R) and shadow (S) poles is determined: 5He**: ZR = 46.9 – i37.2 (keV) ZS = 81.7 – i3.5 (keV) 5Li**: ZR = 205.7 – i146.8 (keV) ZS = 264.4 + i112.0 (keV). Our results agree well with previous findings. The possible generalizations of the results obtained are discussed.

Coherent nuclear fusion

Nuclear fusion reaction is greatly enhanced by the coherent properties of bosons in its product. A simple model calculation yields an enhancement factor [Formula: see text] for each coherent boson in its product. Explicit calculation is carried out for [Formula: see text]. Its coherent reaction rate is shown to increase as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of coherent nuclear reactions among deuterons. The number [Formula: see text] must be greater than a certain critical value before coherent nuclear fusions occur. Several decoherent effects need to be minimized so that the nuclear reaction can become coherent. Current technical levels for extreme ultraviolet lasers, ultrashort laser pulse, the strongest transient magnetic field and nanotechnology are found sufficient to construct the first nuclear coherent fusion experiment.