AI versus Classic Methods in Modelling Isotopic Separation Processes: Efficiency Comparison

In the paper, the comparison between the efficiency of using artificial intelligence methods and the efficiency of using classical methods in modelling the industrial processes is made, considering as a case study the separation process of the 18O isotope. Firstly, the behavior of the considered isotopic separation process is learned using neural networks. The comparison between the efficiency of these methods is highlighted by the simulations of the process model, using the mentioned modelling techniques. In this context, the final part of the paper presents the proposed model being simulated in different scenarios that can occur in practice, thus resulting in some interesting interpretations and conclusions. The paper proves the feasibility of using artificial intelligence methods for industrial processes modeling; the obtained models being intended for use in designing automatic control systems.

Hydrochemical studies on the transect “Kola meridian” using the d18O isotope tracer

The results of hydrochemical studies at 10 stations of the transect “Kola meridian” opencast performed on the expedition NIS “Dalnye Zelentsy” in April 2019, where hydrochemical studies of phosphate phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and silicon were performed, are presented. To analyze the data, a technique using the 18O isotope tracer was used. The measure of production and destruction of selected nutrients was determined by the author's method. Two alleged foci of phytoplankton activity were identified: areas in the region of the ice edge in the north of the section and in the waters of the Murmansk coastal course. The state of the waters in the section is defined as late spring.

Exotic rock block from the Koshava gypsum mine, Northwest Bulgaria: Petrography, geochemistry, mineralogy and melting phenomena

The described exotic rock block (60×80×13–15 cm) was found at 290 m depth in a lower–middle Badenian gypsum layer in the Koshava mine, NW Bulgaria, near the Danube River. It is greyish-black, granular, with layered structure and layers composed of α-quartz rosettes covered with organic matter (kerogen-like type with high contents of Ge, Mo and B), wood relicts with chalcedony replacement, and porous lenses with compact accumulation of organic matter. The block is coated with quartz crust, up to 2 cm thick, with regmaglypt-like forms, also replaced by quartz. Aside from the surface, melting phenomena were also observed inside the quartz rosettes and especially in the wood relicts and porous lenses. The melted drops are actually crystallized chalcedony. The organic matter accumulations contain Si-organic zoned micrometre-sized spherules. Fe silicides were found in the organic matter of all parts of the block, in which hapkeite was determined by X-ray analysis. Other detected minerals include graphite, cristobalite, coesite, skeletal and framboidal pyrite, moassanite, magnetite, suessite, sphalerite and minerals formed in the gypsum lagoon (gypsum, celestine, barite, calcite, halite and clays). The geological position of the block in the gypsum without any other sediments, the extensive melting phenomena with melted spherules, crushed quartz, its enrichment in 18O isotope and the presence of coesite suggest that it is shock ejecta, in certain aspects resembling the large Muong Nong-type tektites, but its characteristics could be the basis for distinguishing it as a new tektite type. The fact that it was found in a gypsum layer of early–middle Badenian age points to its probable association with the Ries-Steinheim impact event, despite the long distance between them (~1100 km).

Reconstruction of Paleo depth and Paleo temperature from C- O stable isotope records of Mishrif Formation, southern Iraq

Stable isotopes 18O/16O and 13C/12C in the carbonate rocks of the Mishrif Formation are examined here to define the depositional characters in the basin includes paleo temperatures and paleo depth. The Mishrif formation (Cenomanian – Early Turonian) has extensive distribution in Iraq and Middle East. Mishrif Formation composed of organic detrital limestone. Four boreholes in four oilfields, Noor – well (11), Amarah – well (14), Buzurgan – well (24), Halfaya – well (8), in south east of Iraq have been studied. The studied samples have negative δ18O isotope values studied well, with Average (-4.11‰), (-4.47‰), (-4.48‰), (-4.18‰) in the studied wells respectively. Carbon Isotope composition positive values in the study samples, with average (2.32‰), (1.84‰), (2.20‰), (2.24‰) are studied well respectively. The Stable isotope (18O/16O and 13C/12C) of Mishrif Formation provide the first records of paleotemperature for the (Cenomanian – Early turanian ) which indicate moderate during deposition. The plot of depositional environment refers to warm water carbonate sediment and the bulk samples cluster tightly to small positive reflect modal isotope composition of dominant skeletal marine carbonate. The paleo-salinity (Z values) provide the marine deposits in studied samples. As the paleo-temperature was high temperature by (T values). The paleo depth he all studied samples in the four oilfields are fall in the same level which is in the upper part of Thermocline this indicate the moderate depth