Co-Speech Movement in Conversational Turn-Taking

This study investigates co-speech movements as a function of the conversational turn exchange type, the type of speech material at a turn exchange, and the interlocutor’s role as speaker or listener. A novel interactive protocol that mixes conversation and (non-read) nursery rhymes works to elicit many speech turns and co-speech movements within dyadic speech interaction. To evaluate a large amount of data, we use the density of co-speech movement as a quantitative measure. Results indicate that both turn exchange type and participant role are associated with variation in movement density for head and brow co-speech movement. Brow and head movement becomes denser as speakers approach overlapping speech exchanges, indicating that speakers increase their movement density as an interruptive exchange is approached. Similarly, head movement generally increases after such overlapping exchanges. Lastly, listeners display a higher rate of co-speech movement than speakers, both at speech turns and remote from them. Brow and head movements generally behave similarly across speech material types, conversational roles, and turn exchange types. On the whole, the study demonstrates that the quantitative co-speech movement density measure advanced here is useful in the study of co-speech movement and turn-taking.

Authorial dialogue in Iris Murdoch’s “The Sea, the Sea”

В статье рассматривается роль авторского диалога в философско-психологическом романе Айрис Мёрдок «Море, море» (Iris Murdoch “The Sea, the Sea”, 1978) в раскрытии авторского замысла в целом и выявлении аспектов диалогичности художественного текста. На сегодняшний день отсутствуют лингвистические исследования данного популярного романа, который представляет прекрасный образец философско-психологического произведения литературы ХХ века и отражает актуальные тенденции работы с художественным словом, что обусловливает актуальность и научную новизну работы. Авторы статьи на материале романа А. Мёрдок анализируют диалогические маркеры речевого взаимодействия, опираясь на теорию, разработанную в исследовании Т. Ф. Плехановой, посвященную анализу художественного текста как дискурса в его диалогическом измерении, предлагают классификацию диалогических маркеров авторско-читательского взаимодействия, выявляют языковые средства, оформляющие непосредственный диалогический контакт, проводят подробный лингвостилистический анализ наиболее интересных фрагментов речевого взаимодействия, делают выводы об их роли в реализации авторского замысла. The article discusses the role of the authorial dialogue in the philosophical and psychological novel by Iris Murdoch “The Sea, the Sea” in revealing the authorial intent, namely aspects of the dialogic character of a literary text. The popular novel by Iris Murdoch is a perfect specimen of philosophical and psychological fiction of the twentieth century reflecting up-to-date literary trends; however, it has not undergone any thorough linguistic analysis so far. This fact determines the topicality and novelty of the research conducted. The authors investigate dialogical markers of speech interaction based on the theory devoted to the analysis of a literary text as a discourse in its dialogical dimension developed by T. F. Plekhanova. Based on the results of the Plekhanova research, the authors of the article offer a classification of dialogical markers of author-reader interaction; identify linguistic means that form direct dialogical contact, conduct a detailed linguistic and stylistic analysis of the most interesting fragments of speech interaction, make conclusions about their role in the implementation of the authorial intent.

Language Errors at The Phnological Level on The Speaking Community in Northern Halmahera

This study aims to examine the error of speaking the language of the North Halmahera speech at the fonological level in the interaction of learning and the factors behind it. The type of research used is qualitatively descriptive with phenomenological approaches. Data is obtained using simak method with basic tapping technique. Once the data is obtained, it is then analyzed using the agih method and the padan method at the time of the speech interaction. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that language errors include, errors in pronunciation and spelling. The error in the tester consists of the error using phoneme /e/ (pepet) pronounced to /é/ (taling) caused by the language of the mother not knowing the phoneme /e/ (pepet), pronouncing phoneme /i/ to /é/ (taling), phoneme /e/ being /a/, phoneme /ai/ being /e/, phoneme / é/ (taling) becomes /i/, phoneme diftong /au/ becomes /o/, phoneme /c/ becomes /sé/, phoneme /v/ becomes /p/, phoneme /u/ becomes /w/, phoneme /n/ becomes /ng/, phoneme /i/ manjadi /e/, phoneme /kh/ becomes /h/, phoneme /z/ becomes /s/, phoneme /z/ becomes /j/, phoneme /sy/ becomes /s/, phoneme /f/ becomes /p/, phoneme /h/ at the end of a specific word, phoneme /o/ becomes phoneme /u/, Phoneme removal /h/ in a specific word, and Phoneme removal /k/ in a specific word. Spelling errors consist of capital letters usage, use of punctuation, and use of words. Thus it can be inferred language errors in the phonological state including pronunciation and spelling errors.

INTERFAMILY COMMUNICATION OF UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN BILINGUALS

The aim of the article is to model the situation of oral communication of UkrainianRussian bilinguals within a family by its parameters: topic, place, time, participants. For the purpose of the analysis, the descriptive method and the method of discourse analysis are employed. The paper studied audio recordings of oral interfamily communication among Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals and surzhyk speakers from town and village in the Sumy region. By interfamily communicative interaction we understand a type of everyday communication in which members of different families are involved, who are related by blood (provided they live separately), by marriage or by being godparents. Communication within a family circle is predominately cooperative. However, compared to communication within a wider circle of friends it is more prone to conflict; the interlocutors are, therefore, more likely to follow formal rules for polite conversation. Interfamily speech interaction can be both phatic and informative; it manifests itself through oral (dialogues and polylogues) and written (letters, including emails) communication. However, both forms are characterized by non-codified speech. We have identified the main features of communicative behavior of members of different families taking into account such extralinguistic factors as social role, status, age and gender of interlocutors. We have singled out the specific features of interfamily communication in the context of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. We have established, in particular, that both the choice of the language means and the code switching are determined by the following: changes in the topic of conversation, its duration, the birthplace of speakers and the region where they live as well as their respective status and role. In their speech behavior, men employ the tactics of assertiveness, seek to conform to the stereotypes of masculinity. Women, especially the older ones, employ the tactics of transferring their life experience and family values and seek to maintain communicative balance. The older generation is more communicatively active than the young. Further research will test the obtained results against a larger body of empirical data.

Experimental verification of the effectiveness of the methodology aimed at development of professionally oriented English speech interaction competence in future information systems and technology officers

The article describes the relevance of developing English speech interaction competence in future military specialists. The methodology aimed at development of military students' professionally oriented English speech interaction competence has been proposed and experimentally verified. The most effective method of developing English speech interaction competence in future information systems and technology officers has been statistically and mathematically identified and rationalized. It involves a uniquely designed mobile application containing professionally oriented English video dialogues.

Service humanoid robotics: a novel interactive system based on bionic-companionship framework

At present, industrial robotics focuses more on motion control and vision, whereas humanoid service robotics (HSRs) are increasingly being investigated and researched in the field of speech interaction. The problem and quality of human-robot interaction (HRI) has become a widely debated topic in academia. Especially when HSRs are applied in the hospitality industry, some researchers believe that the current HRI model is not well adapted to the complex social environment. HSRs generally lack the ability to accurately recognize human intentions and understand social scenarios. This study proposes a novel interactive framework suitable for HSRs. The proposed framework is grounded on the novel integration of Trevarthen’s (2001) companionship theory and neural image captioning (NIC) generation algorithm. By integrating image-to-natural interactivity generation and communicating with the environment to better interact with the stakeholder, thereby changing from interaction to a bionic-companionship. Compared to previous research a novel interactive system is developed based on the bionic-companionship framework. The humanoid service robot was integrated with the system to conduct preliminary tests. The results show that the interactive system based on the bionic-companionship framework can help the service humanoid robot to effectively respond to changes in the interactive environment, for example give different responses to the same character in different scenes.

DISCOURSOLOGY: TRENDS AND TASKS (theoretical overview)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main directions and tasks of modern discourse as a branch of linguistics. The term "discourse" is used in different meanings and is the subject of study in different scientific areas. The purpose of the article is to provide a brief overview of the main directions of discourse analysis and to outline the main tasks of discoursology as a branch of linguistics. Depending on the methodological orientation, researchers distinguish the following areas of discourse research: formal, functional (represented by semiotic and situational approaches) and activity-based. The opposition of personality-oriented and status-oriented discourse is relevant. In the first case, communicators who know each other well take part in communication, in the second case, communication is reduced to a dialogue between representatives of one or another social group. Personal discourse is represented by two main varieties – existential and everyday discourses. The peculiarity of everyday discourse is the desire to compress the transmitted information as much as possible, to reach a special abbreviated code of communication. Existential discourse is designed to find and experience essential meanings, here we are not talking about obvious things, but about the artistic and philosophical comprehension of the world. Status-oriented discourse is an institutional communication, i.e. speech interaction of representatives of social groups or institutions with each other, with people who realize their status and role opportunities within existing social institutions, the number of which is determined by the needs of society at a particular stage of its development. Among its varieties are political, administrative, legal, military, pedagogical, religious, mystical, medical, business, advertising, sports, scientific, stage and media types of institutional discourse. The researchers note that the list may be supplemented or modified. The key problems of discourse analysis remain the structure and stratification of discourse, the establishment of its features, units, categories, types; elucidation of ways of organizing various discursive invariants, development of methods and procedures of analysis and description of discourses.

Literary Characters and their Verbal Mimicry through the Prism of Gestalt Analysis

The paper represents a fragment of a multi-year project focused on everyday speech interaction and, particularly, on verbal mechanisms of granting speech efficiency and effectiveness. The introductory statement of the research is more precise thespeaker organizes his/her message verbally, the easier it is understood by the listener. Special attention is paid to the methodological approach to verbal identification of literary characters’ social strata. The paper also elicits how Gestalt analysis can be successfully applied to different practical linguistic tasks. Hence, the article deals with the advantages of Gestalt, used for unmasking the virtual speaker’s social identity and his social status. Besides, a close study of speech situations has revealed some cases when the speaker tries to play a verbal trick on the audience, thus consciously or unconsciously imposing a false image and hiding his/her true identity. The phenomenon of speech imposters, discovered in literary dialogues termed “speech, or verbal mimicry,” while the speakers who use such verbal masks are called “mimics.” In the presented research, two types of mimicry are distinguished: progressive and regressive speech mimicry. Hence, the characters’ speech was analyzed through the prism of his/her actual or imposed social status, which allowed to single out sufficiently reliable syntactic indicators of the speaker’s real social profile.

Gesture-speech coupling in L2 lexical stress production: A pre-registration of a speech acoustic and gesture kinematic study

The prosody of a second language (L2) is notoriously difficult to acquire. It requires the mastery of a range of nested multimodal systems, including articulatory but also gestural signals, as hand gestures are produced in close synchrony with spoken prosody. It remains unclear how easily the articulatory and gestural systems acquire new prosodic patterns in the L2 and how the two systems interact, especially when L1 patterns interfere. This interdisciplinary pre-registered study investigates how Dutch learners of Spanish produce multimodal lexical stress in Spanish-Dutch cognates (e.g., Spanish profeSOR vs. Dutch proFESsor). Acoustic analyses assess whether gesturing helps L2 speakers to place stress on the correct syllable; and whether gesturing boosts the acoustic correlates of stress through biomechanic coupling. Moreover, motion-tracking and time-series analyses test whether gesture-prosody synchrony is enhanced for stress-matching vs. stress-mismatching cognate pairs, perhaps revealing that gestural timing is biased in the L1 (or L2) direction (e.g., Spanish profeSOR with the gesture biased towards Dutch stressed syllable -fes). Thus, we will uncover how speakers deal with manual, articulatory, and cognitive constraints that need to be brought in harmony for efficient speech production, bearing implications for theories on gesture-speech interaction and multimodal L2 acquisition.