METAANALISIS PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS DAN SELF-EFFICACY

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Menganalisis besar pengaruh (effect size) model Problem-based Learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa; (2) Menganalisis besar pengaruh (effect size) model Problem-based Learning terhadap self-efficacy siswa; (3) Untuk mengetahui metaanalisis pengaruh model Problem-based Learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dan self-efficacy siswa. Peneliti memetaanalisis jurnal-jurnal tentang pengaruh model problem-based learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dan self-efficacy dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Dari 14 studi yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dilakukan metaanalisis model pembelajaran problem-based learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa SMP yang memiliki effect size tertinggi adalah dengan nilai 0,92; (2) Dari 9 studi yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dilakukan metaanalisis model pembelajaran problem-based learning dalam meningkatkan self-efficacy siswa SMP yang memiliki effect size tertinggi dengan nilai 0,88; (3) Hasil metaanalisis model pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis termasuk pada kategori besar dengan rRE= 0.511 dan hasil metaanalisis model pembeajaran terhadap self-efficacy siswa termasuk pada kategori sedang dengan rRE= 0.382.

Wind-Induced Vibration of an Irregular Pentagon Lamella

At present, there are increasingly encountering the use of lamellar structures, for example on the roofs of buildings, which, in addition to their visual function, also fulfil the function of reducing the flow of wind into the roof space. These structures are often designed as long and subtle structures and therefore their very common problem is unwanted vibration. In this article, the main focus is to show the methodology of the determination of the effects of wind on the lamella of the shape of an irregular pentagon. A real-size model made of steel with a total length of 2 m and a weight of 7.4 kg was used. Its size and shape were influenced by several factors which are specified in more detail in the paper. In the wind tunnel experiment, it was very important to ensure the exact position of the model and also to secure both ends of the model against shifting (to replicate fixed ends). Dynamic response of the structure in two directions together with wind speed were measured simultaneously. To investigate the wind effects by numerical analysis, fluid-structure interaction software simulation (FSI) on a full-size model was used. The main pitfall of the software solution was to get as close as possible to the conditions of the wind tunnel. The actual wind speed measured under laboratory conditions was used as the input wind speed for FSI simulation. The material of the model and the shape of the model was set in software simulation to be as close as possible to the real structure. Subsequently, other boundary conditions were set and the solution process was executed. The biggest problem, especially in terms of comparing the results of both approaches which greatly affected the results, was the very high stiffness of the model. Due to the extent and interconnectedness of results, findings are presented in more detail in the conclusions of the paper. The methodology of setting up a relatively complex FSI simulation, its results, as well as new findings that we came up with if the measurement of the dynamic effects of wind is the matter of interest are presented in this paper.

Modified Hyaluronic Acid-Laminin-Hydrogel as Luminal Filler for Clinically Approved Hollow Nerve Guides in a Rat Critical Defect Size Model

Hollow nerve guidance conduits are approved for clinical use for defect lengths of up to 3 cm. This is because also in pre-clinical evaluation they are less effective in the support of nerve regeneration over critical defect lengths. Hydrogel luminal fillers are thought to improve the regeneration outcome by providing an optimized matrix inside bioartificial nerve grafts. We evaluated here a modified hyaluronic acid-laminin-hydrogel (M-HAL) as luminal filler for two clinically approved hollow nerve guides. Collagen-based and chitosan-based nerve guides were filled with M-HAL in two different concentrations and the regeneration outcome comprehensively studied in the acute repair rat sciatic nerve 15 mm critical defect size model. Autologous nerve graft (ANG) repair served as gold-standard control. At 120 days post-surgery, all ANG rats demonstrated electrodiagnostically detectable motor recovery. Both concentrations of the hydrogel luminal filler induced improved regeneration outcome over empty nerve guides. However, neither combination with collagen- nor chitosan-based nerve guides resulted in functional recovery comparable to the ANG repair. In contrast to our previous studies, we demonstrate here that M-HAL slightly improved the overall performance of either empty nerve guide type in the critical defect size model.

Influence of Weight Bias and Associated Factors on Perceptions of Plus Size Models

Purpose: The fashion industry has recently begun to utilize plus size models. The aim of this study was to explore whether these models would be viewed more critically in comparison to thin models or subjected to weight bias and associated factors. Methods: University students (N = 330, Mage= 18.62, SDage = 1.33) viewed images of thin and plus size models and rated each image. They then filled out measures assessing weight bias (measured through the Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire), sociocultural attitudes regarding athletic and thin body types, and body appreciation. Results: Plus size models were rated more critically than thin models (p < 0.01). Thin and plus size model ratings were also highly correlated (p < 0.01), but weight bias was still predictive of plus model ratings within a regression model that included thin model ratings (p < 0.01). Further, mediational analyses found that weight bias partially mediated the relationship between thin and plus size model ratings. Males were more likely to rate both model types more critically (p < 0.01), but weight bias was found to partially mediate the relationship between male ratings of plus-sized models (p < .001). Conclusions: Despite the recent steps to include more body diversity among the fashion industry, plus size models still appear to be subjected to weight bias, especially among males. Level of Evidence: Level III, case–control analytic study.

Meta Analisis: Komparasi Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Discovery Learning dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SD

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis data dengan mengkomparasikan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Discovery Learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SD, dari kedua model tersebut mana yang lebih berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian meta analisis, dengan pengumpulan data berupa artikel-artikel yang dilakukan melalui penelusuran Google Cendikia, menggunakan kata kunci “Problem Based Learning”, “Discovery Learning”, dan “kemampuan berpikir kritis” serta dibatasi artikel yang digunakan hanya dari jurnal terakreditasi, ini menghasilkan temuan 20 artikel.Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji Ancova digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh signifikan dari kedua model pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis pada pembelajaran IPS SD, dengan taraf signifikansi 5% (0,05). Hasil penelitian ini didapat bahwa uji Ancova menunjukkan fhitung> ftabel yaitu (8,608 > 3,59) dan didapat signifikan 0,009 < 0,05 yang berarti bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima.Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat diartikan bahwa kedua model pembelajaran berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Uji Effect Size pada kedua model pembelajaran, dengan hasil bahwa kedua model pembelajaran tersebut berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang tergolong sedang. Namun, hasil analisis Effect Size menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning lebih berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dibandingkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis Effect Size model Problem Based Learning cenderung sedang, dengan 7 hasil penelitian kategori sedang dan 3 penelitian dengan kategori kecil. Sedangkan model Discovery Learning menunjukkan 8 penelitian dengan kategori kecil dan 2 penelitian dengan kategori sedang.