Coping Strategies as Predictors of COVID-19 related Anxiety among General Physicians of Faisalabad

Emergence of COVID-19 pandemic created numerous physical and psychosocial upheavals for all. Specifically, health care professionals are at great risk of being contaminated by this life-threatening virus; consequently, they may prone to fear and anxiety related to COVID-19 situation. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the coping strategies as predictors of COVID-19 in general physicians of Faisalabad. The present correlational study was done on general physicians working in the outpatient departments of public and private sector hospitals of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Demographic Information Form, Brief Cope Scale and COVID-19 related Anxiety Scale were used to meet the present objectives. Multiple regression analysis revealed active coping (? = -.247, t(118) = -2.446, p < .05), venting (? = .332, t(118) = 3.959, p < .001), religion (? = -.274, t(118) = -3.058, p < .01), emotional support (? =.207, t(118) = 2.085, p < .05), behavioral disengagement (? = .336, t(118) = 3.873, p < .001), humor (? = -.199, t(118) = -2.659, p < .01) and substance use (? = .363, t(118) = 4.158, p < .001) as significant predictors of COVID-19 related anxiety in general physicians. Three types of coping strategies seemed effective in overcoming COVID-19 related anxiety among general physicians. However, venting, behavioral disengagement, emotional support and substance abuse may decrease the COVID-19 related anxiety, if are used less by general physicians at work. The present findings have implications for general physicians who need to use coping strategies which may effectively reduce their anxiety associated with COVID-19 situation.

STRATEGIJE PREVLADAVANJA STRESA KAO PREDIKTORI INTERNET ZAVISNOSTI

The aim of this study was to determinate the role of coping strategies in predicting internet addiction dimensions. The sample is conveniente and it consists of 597 subjects (63% women). The age of the subject ranges from 18 to 70 years, with an average age of 35.58 (SD=11.29). To measure a severity of compulsive internet use Young Internet Addiction Test-Short Form; YIAT-SF was used, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced; Brief COPE was used to measure how people cope with problems and stressful life events. Two separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. In both analyses, in first step the predictors were sociodemographic variables, and in second were ten types of coping strategies (Self-distraction, Active coping, Denial, Use of emotional support, Use of instrumental support, Behavioral disengagement, Venting, Positive reframing, Acceptance and Self-blame), while the criteria variables were different dimensions of internet addiction (Loss of control/Time management and Craving/Social problems). The results showed that both models are statistically significant. Significant predictor of dimension Loss of control/Time management in the first step is age (β = -.13, p = .001), and in second step are Self-distraction (β = .09, p = .018); Active coping (β = -.15, p = .001); Behavioral disengagement (β = .24, p < .001) and Self-blame (β = .13, p = .002). When it comes to Craving/Social problems, significant predictor of this variable in first step is age (β = -.11, p = .006), and in second are gender (β = .07, p = .041); Active coping (β = -.09, p = .044); Denial (β = .14, p = .001); Use of emotional support (β = -.16, p = .002) and Behavioral disengagement (β = .25, p < .001). So, based on the results, we can conclude that based on Self-distraction, Active coping, Behavioral disengagement, and Self-blame we can predict the difficulties in everyday functioning caused by internet use, but we can also predict an effect that excessive internet use could have on social relations and craving for the Internet based on Denial, Use of emotional support and Behavioral disengagement. The application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested good construct validity of Young Internet Addiction Test-Short Form. Keywords: coping strategies, internet addiction, internet use

Overview of Coping Mechanism Mother of Children With Disabilities in SDLB Negeri Tompokersan Lumajang

Mothers who have children with disabilities have many problems and barriers. The research aims to describe mother’s coping mechanisms for children with disabilities in SDLB Negeri Tompokersan Lumajang. Respondents in this study were 54 mothers that were taken with purposive sampling technique with brief cope instrument. The result showed mother’s age have a median value of 39.50 years and the child's age have a median value of 11 years. Mothers who have children with disabilities have 1 child with disabilities in the family (96.3%) in order of disabled children in the main family of the first child (55.4%). The majority of mothers' last education is elementary school (35.2%) and The majority of the marital status is married (96.3%). Types of disabilities that are mostly experienced are intellectual disabilities (61.1%). The description of a mother’s coping mechanism in children with disabilities has a mean of 86.46. It is shown that the dominant indicators for respondents include religion (mothers believe there is wisdom in the problem), behavioral disengagement (mothers fulfill their education rights and provide therapy or medication), and substance use (mothers do not use drugs to protect themselves). Further researchers can identify mother’s motivation in caring for children with disabilities

Distress, Appraisal, and Coping Among the Frontline Healthcare Provider Redeployed to the Epicenter in China During COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: The central issue of this research is to evaluate the extent of cognitive appraisal and coping processes within the pandemic encounter and determines their influence on frontline healthcare providers who had been dispatched to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epicenter (HPDE) distress symptoms.Materials and methods: An electronic survey of the HPDE and frontline healthcare providers who worked in their original medical facility (HPOF) was conducted from March 1 to 15, 2020. Two variables, appraisal (measured with an 18-item questionnaire) and coping (measured The Brief Cope questionnaire), were used in the analysis to explain distress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale-Revised).Results: A total of 723 eligible respondents completed the survey with a response rate of 57.3% (351 HPDE and 372 HPOF). The mean IES-R scores of HPDE respondents were 26.47 ± 11.7. Of HPDE respondents, 246 (70.09%) reported distress symptoms (score 9–88). The scores of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal for HPDE were 10.28 ± 4.7, 8.97 ± 4.3, and 7.20 ± 3.2, respectively. The respondents had higher scores in overall distress and three subscales than HPOF. Appraisal and coping variables explained 77% of the distress variance. Five appraisal variables (health of self, health of family/others, virus spread, vulnerability or loss of control, and general health) were positively associated with distress symptoms. Four coping variables (active coping, positive reframing, self-distraction, and behavioral disengagement) were negatively associated with distress level, whereas self-blame was positively associated with distress symptoms. Regarding the appraisal, the scores of HPDE were significantly higher than HPOF (all p-values &lt; 0.05), whereas being isolated was not significantly different between HDPE nurses and HPOF nurses. HPDE was significantly more likely to use humor, emotional support, instrumental support, self-distractions, venting, substance use, denial, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame (P &lt; 0.05), whereas HPOF was significantly more likely to use active coping and acceptance (P &lt; 0.05). HPDE doctors were significantly more likely than nurses to use active coping and acceptance (P &lt; 0.05), whereas HPDE nurses were significantly more likely to use emotional support and use self-blame (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Frontline healthcare providers who had been dispatched to the COVID-19 epicenter respondents had a higher distress level. Therefore, we should provide proactive psychological support based on specific appraisal and coping variables.

Parents' Well-Being and Emotion Regulation During Infancy: The Mediating Effects of Coping

New parents' emotional experiences and coping strategies vary by individual and contextual factors such that the efficacy of a coping strategy might depend on their context and the control a person has over each stressor. This is particularly true during the transition to parenthood, when there are numerous stressors parents have limited control over (e.g., sleepless nights, infant distress, and irregular feeding routines). The current study examines the associations between new parents' ( n = 188; 53.23% fathers) perceived stress, mental well-being, coping strategies, and emotion regulation during the transition to parenthood through path analysis. Overall model fit was excellent and indicated that parents' perceived stress was negatively associated with mental well-being and active coping strategy usage, and positively associated with behavioral disengagement strategy usage and difficulties with emotion regulation. Interestingly, parents' mental well-being was positively associated with the use of both active coping and behavioral disengagement strategies (and had no direct association with emotion regulation). Finally, active coping was negatively associated, and behavioral disengagement was positively associated, with emotion regulation difficulties. Family therapists and other mental health practitioners could adjust assessment practices for new families, as the evidence presented calls for context-based assessments of adaptation and coping supports during the transition to parenthood.

Psychological Factors Associated with Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori)

Objective Cases of prolonged social withdrawal (hikikomori) have recently been reported in several countries. This study examined the impact of cognitive-behavioral and emotional factors on hikikomori behavior to identify intervention targets. Identifying such targets could facilitate the development of techniques to address hikikomori characteristics.Methods Two hundred Japanese individuals (mean age=38.73, SD=6.85) completed the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori and Stress Response Scale-18, along with the Japanese versions of the Self-Compassion Scale (Short Form), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Participants were divided into two groups: individuals with no experience of social withdrawal, and those with experience of social withdrawal.Results Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement stress coping skills, self-compassion, and psychological stress were associated with hikikomori behaviors. Furthermore, higher instrumental support levels, associated with a decrease in hikikomori behaviors, were found in the hikikomori group.Conclusion The use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement stress coping skills, self-compassion, and psychological stress should be targeted in hikikomori prevention interventions. Moreover, encouragement for the use of instrumental support is needed for improving hikikomori.

What Predicts the Mood of Athletes Involved in Preparations for Tokyo 2020/2021 Olympic Games During the Covid – 19 Pandemic? The Role of Sense of Coherence, Hope for Success and Coping Strategies

The aim of the study was to identify coherence, hope for success and coping strategies as predictors of mood among this year’s Olympians in the context of coronavirus events. The relationships between the above variables and the mood of athletes were analysed. The study group consisted of 57 athletes – women (29) and men (28) between 18 and 39 years of age – representing various sports disciplines who were preparing for the Tokyo Olympics. The research was conducted in the period of April 7-28, 2020 during the first threat of COVID-19 pandemic, following the decision to move the Summer Olympics to the year 2021. It was time of the greatest national restrictions and information about the postponement of the games had been received. As a result of the step regression analysis, three predictors of vigour were established: sense of meaningfulness, coping with stress through positive reframing, and not using the self-blaming strategy. A positive predictor of anger was the use of substances. Confusion was predicted based on the frequency of behavioral disengagement. Behavioral disengagement predicted the severity of depression. Predictors of fatigue were the sense of meaningfulness, and the strategies of positive reframing and self-blaming. The results obtained emphasize the importance of positive reframing as a factor contributing to maintaining a positive mood state. In contrast, behavioral disengagement and self-blaming were strategies that lowered the mood of elite athletes. The results confirm the importance of factors included in the salutogenic model (sense of coherence, coping strategies) as predictors of athletes’ mood during a pandemic.

Understanding employees' response to work-related after-hours use of instant messaging apps: a stress and coping perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the complex relationships between permeability, work-family conflict, moral disengagement, behavioral disengagement, job strain and job engagement. In addition, this study aims to determine whether moral disengagement acts as a moderator and mediator in the relationship between work-family conflict and behavioral disengagement.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses, using a sample of 176 valid responses.FindingsThe results indicate that permeability is likely to promote work-family conflict, which in turn may trigger moral disengagement. Moral disengagement may lead to behavioral disengagement, which in turn may increase job strain and decrease job engagement. The findings also show that work-family conflict does not have a significant effect on behavioral disengagement, suggesting that moral disengagement fully mediates the influence of work-family conflict on behavioral disengagement. In addition, the moderating effect of moral disengagement is not significant.Originality/valueApplying the transactional model of stress and coping theory and the moral disengagement theory, this study contributes to a better understanding of employees' experience of job strain caused by work-family conflict (induced by permeability of IM usage), as well as the employee's coping response.

Empathy and Coping in Allied Health Sciences: Gender Patterns

This study aimed to examine the patterns of associations between empathy and coping among undergraduate men and women studying at Allied Health Sciences. This cross-sectional study is part of a larger longitudinal study conducted in an Allied Health Sciences School. Participants were 183 undergraduate students from 12 training programs (e.g., Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy). Their mean age was 20.79 years (SD = 2.64), and they were in their first, third, and fourth years of school. The instruments were the Brief-COPE and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Empathy correlated with coping strategies in both genders, though showing different patterns of association. First, distinct coping strategies were associated with the same empathy dimension (perspective taking) among women (positive reframing and self-blame) and among men (active coping). Second, the same three coping strategies appeared in both genders (seeking emotional or instrumental support and resorting to religion) but associated with different empathy dimensions (cognitive empathy among women and mostly emotional empathy among men). Third, among women (but not among men), two coping strategies (positive reframing and behavioral disengagement) were each simultaneously correlated with cognitive and emotional empathy in opposite directions. Fourth, emotional empathy correlated, only among women, with several coping strategies considered to be maladaptive (behavioral disengagement, denial and substance use). Among men, only one significant coping strategy was considered to be maladaptive (behavioral disengagement) and it was negatively correlated with cognitive empathy (perspective taking). Unlike in women, relationships between the empathic dimension of fantasy and coping strategies were non-significant among men. These distinct patterns of associations emerged despite significant differences in empathy by gender (fantasy, personal distress and empathic concern) and in coping strategies (instrumental support, emotional support, religion and venting). These results support the idea that the display of empathy might be associated with gender differences in the underlying empathy dimensions and in the coping strategies used to deal with stress in the undergraduate programs of Allied Health Sciences.