Numerical investigation of flows with condensation in micronozzles

The paper considers the numerical simulation of the flow of argon with account for the condensation process in the micronozzle and behind it. To describe phase transitions, the initial mathematical model of viscous heat-conducting gas flow is supplemented with the equation of formation and growth of condensation nuclei in the flow. The developed mathematical model allows for simulating the process of gas condensation at low pressures and temperatures. It is shown that the condensate mass fraction in the flow is not less than 1% at the pressure and temperature of 5 bar and 200 K, respectively, when argon flows out of a micronozzle to the environment with the pressure of 0.01 Pa. At the nozzle exit, the size of condensed particles reaches 80 angstroms. The obtained results confirm the necessity to take into account the condensation phenomenon in micronozzle flows of inert gases.

LREE of an unstable dressed-dynamical Dp-brane: superstring calculations

We obtain the left-right entanglement entropy (LREE) for a Dp-brane with tangential motion in the presence of a U(1) gauge potential, the Kalb–Ramond field and an open string tachyon field. Thus, at first we extract the Rényi entropy and then by taking a special limit of it we acquire the entanglement entropy. We shall investigate the behavior of the LREE under the tachyon condensation phenomenon. We observe that the deformation of the LREE, through this process, reveals the collapse of the brane. Besides, we examine the second law of thermodynamics for the LREE under tachyon condensation, and we extract the imposed constraints. Note that our calculations will be in the context of the type IIA/IIB superstring theories.

Energy transfer to the phonons of a macromolecule through light pumping

In the present paper we address the problem of the energy downconversion of the light absorbed by a protein into its internal vibrational modes. We consider the case in which the light receptors are fluorophores either naturally co-expressed with the protein or artificially covalently bound to some of its amino acids. In a recent work [Phys. Rev. X 8, 031061 (2018)], it has been experimentally found that by shining a laser light on the fluorophores attached to a protein the energy fed to it can be channeled into the normal mode of lowest frequency of vibration thus making the subunits of the protein coherently oscillate. Even if the phonon condensation phenomenon has been theoretically explained, the first step - the energy transfer from electronic excitation into phonon excitation - has been left open. The present work is aimed at filling this gap.

Analysis and Solution of Condensation Phenomenon in Ring Main Unit

The current condensation phenomenon inside the ring main unit will cause corrosion of components, short circuits, partial discharges and other problems, which will seriously affect the safety and durability of power supply. In response to the above problems, this paper designs and builds a condensation test platform, conducts an experimental analysis on the factors that cause condensation, and combines the conclusions drawn to propose a remote monitoring system for anti-condensation. Operation and maintenance personnel can use a small program to remotely monitor the internal environment of the ring network cabinet and deal with condensation in a timely manner. The application of this system provides great convenience for the operation and maintenance personnel, and also has a significant impact on the monitoring and maintenance of the anti-condensation of the ring network cabinet.

Energy Transfer to the Phonons of A Macromolecule Through Light Pumping

In the present paper we address the problem of the energy downconversion of the light absorbed by a protein into its internal vibrational modes. We consider the case in which the light receptors are fluorophores either naturally co-expressed with the protein or artificially covalently bound to some of its amino acids. In a recent work [Phys. Rev. X 8, 031061 (2018)], it has been experimentally found that by shining a laser light on the fluorophores attached to a protein the energy fed to it can be channeled into the normal mode of lowest frequency of vibration thus making the subunits of the protein coherently oscillate. Even if the phonon condensation phenomenon has been theoretically explained, the first step - the energy transfer from electronic excitation into phonon excitation - has been left open. The present work is aimed at filling this gap.

Universality in spectral condensation

Self-organization is the spontaneous formation of spatial, temporal, or spatiotemporal patterns in complex systems far from equilibrium. During such self-organization, energy distributed in a broadband of frequencies gets condensed into a dominant mode, analogous to a condensation phenomenon. We call this phenomenon spectral condensation and study its occurrence in fluid mechanical, optical and electronic systems. We define a set of spectral measures to quantify this condensation spanning several dynamical systems. Further, we uncover an inverse power law behaviour of spectral measures with the power corresponding to the dominant peak in the power spectrum in all the aforementioned systems.

Double Jump Phase Transition in a Soliton Cellular Automaton

In this paper, we consider the soliton cellular automaton introduced in [ 26] with a random initial configuration. We give multiple constructions of a Young diagram describing various statistics of the system in terms of familiar objects like birth-and-death chains and Galton–Watson forests. Using these ideas, we establish limit theorems showing that if the 1st $n$ boxes are occupied independently with probability $p\in (0,1)$, then the number of solitons is of order $n$ for all $p$ and the length of the longest soliton is of order $\log n$ for $p<1/2$, order $\sqrt{n}$ for $p=1/2$, and order $n$ for $p>1/2$. Additionally, we uncover a condensation phenomenon in the supercritical regime: for each fixed $j\geq 1$, the top $j$ soliton lengths have the same order as the longest for $p\leq 1/2$, whereas all but the longest have order $\log n$ for $p>1/2$. As an application, we obtain scaling limits for the lengths of the $k^{\textrm{th}}$ longest increasing and decreasing subsequences in a random stack-sortable permutation of length $n$ in terms of random walks and Brownian excursions.