Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate in Methanol Solutions by Mn Functionalized Electrodes in the Presence of Amines

Carbon cloth electrode modified by covalently attaching a manganese organometallic catalyst is used as cathode for the electrochemical recuction of CO2 in methanol solutions. Six different amines are employed as co-catalyst in millimolar concentrations, which coupled to the increased solubility of CO2 in methanol enhance the formate production, switch the selectivity toward formate anion, and in the case of pentamethyldiethylentriamine (PMDETA) resulted in an impressive TONHCOO– of 2.8×104. We demonstrate that the protonated PMDETA is formed in methanol solution by simply bubbling CO2, which is the responsible for a barrierless transformation of CO2 to formate via the reduced form of the Mn catalyst covalently bonded to the electrode surface. These findings pave the way for more efficient transformation of CO2 into liquid fuel and shed light on the electrochemical mechanism

ELECTROCHEMICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT

<p>Wastewater got much of our intention these days because wastewater is polluting our lakes, pounds and even sea have a lot of contaminated amount of waste. This water is hazardous for the acute life, dangerous for living things. Wastewater polluted the natural reservoirs. </p> <p>Over the past, the knowledge of the mechanisms of electrochemical wastewater treatment has progressively evolved. A comprehensive understanding of the types of methods and mechanisms of treatment of wastewater is a prerequisite to the understanding of their relativities and elucidation of intermediate products generated during the oxidation process and degradation pathways. The type, nature, and quantity of reactive species generated in electrochemical treatment processes are controlled by many factors, including the type of the treatment technique, electrode/electro catalyst materials, water/wastewater composition, water pH conditions, and operating parameters are to be considered. Multiple methods such as separation, conversion and combined methods are used for treatment. However, basic principle works on the electrochemical mechanism. This article gives the basic idea of electrochemical methods working principles, techniques being considered. It will also help us understand the byproducts recovery of different metal ions and how they converted into useful form. Best methods based on the efficiency and economic value. Feasibility of long term and short term methods for the treatment of wastewater.</p>

Electrochemical Mechanism of Al Metal–Organic Battery Based on Phenanthrenequinone

Al metal-organic batteries are a perspective high-energy battery technology based on abundant materials. However, the practical energy density of Al metal-organic batteries is strongly dependent on its electrochemical mechanism. Energy density is mostly governed by the nature of the aluminium complex ion and utilization of redox activity of the organic group. Although organic cathodes have been used before, detailed study of the electrochemical mechanism is typically not the primary focus. In the present work, electrochemical mechanism of Al metal-phenanthrenequinone battery is investigated with a range of different analytical techniques. Firstly, its capacity retention is optimized through the preparation of insoluble cross-coupled polymer, which exemplifies extremely low capacity fade and long-term cycling stability. Ex situ and operando ATR-IR confirm that reduction of phenanthrenequinone group proceeds through the two-electron reduction of carbonyl groups, which was previously believed to exchange only one-electron, severely limiting cathode capacity. Nature of aluminium complex ion interacting with organic cathode is determined through multiprong approach using SEM-EDS, XPS, and solid-state NMR, which all point to the dominant contribution of AlCl2+ cation. Upon full capacity utilization, Al metal-polyphenanthrenequinone battery utilizing AlCl2+ offers an energy density of more than 200 Wh/kg making it a viable solution for stationary electrical energy storage.

Electrocatalytic H2 Evolution Promoted by a Bioinspired (N2S2)Ni(II) Complex at Low Acid Concentration

We have investigated a bioinspired (N2S2)Ni(II) electrocatalyst that produces H2 from CF3CO2H with a turnover frequency (TOF) of ~200,000 s–1 at low acid concentration (<0.043 M) in MeCN. We also propose an electrochemical mechanism for such an electrocatalyst toward H2 production and benchmarked its activity by comparing its TOF and overpotential with those of other reported molecular Ni H2 evolution electrocatalysts.