Green Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles using Fruit Peels of Citrus Paradise for Remediation of Congo Red Dye

Biosorption is a cost-effective excellent tool for removing problematic dyes. The present work was focused on the utilization of Citrus paradise (grapefruit) peels aqueous extract for synthesis of nickel nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by SEM and were used for the remediation of congo red direct dye. The decolorization of Congo Red direct dye was measured using UV/Visible spectrophotometer following the optimization of experimental factors. Maximum decolorization was observed at a dye concentration of 0.02 %, pH 6, at 50 °C temperature, and catalyst dose was 0.01 g/L. TOC and COD values were found to be 79.89 % and 78.23 %. Agriculrural waste could be used for the remediation of other synthetic dyes as well; hence helps in cleaning our natural environment. Resumen. La biosorción es una excelente herramienta rentable para eliminar colorantes problemáticos. El presente trabajo se centró en la utilización del extracto de cáscaras de Citrus paradise (pomelo) para la síntesis de nanopartículas de níquel. Las nanopartículas preparadas se caracterizaron por microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y se utilizaron para la remediación del colorante directo rojo de Congo. La decoloración del colorante directo Rojo Congo se midió mediante espectrometría siguiendo la optimización de factores experimentales. Se observó una decoloración máxima a una concentración de colorante de 0.02 %, pH 6, y una temperatura de 50 °C; la dosis del catalizador fue de 0.01 g/L. Se determinó que los valores de TOC y DQO eran 79.89 % y 78.23 %, respectivamente. Los residuos agrícolas también podrían utilizarse para la remediación de otros tintes sintéticos y con ello ayudar a limpiar nuestro entorno natural.

Green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Allium cepa peels for degradation of Congo Red Direct Dye: an environmental remedial approach

Direct dyes are used in different textile operations and processings. The textile industries are disposing of unused direct dyes into the aquatic environment which is posing a serious alarming threat to aquatic lives. The current study deals with the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Allium cepa peels aqueous extract. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) were characterized by SEM. Synthesized NiO-NPs were used to remove Congo red direct dye. Various experimental factors like concentration of dye & nanoparticles, pH, and temperature were optimized. Congo red direct dye was decolorized up to 90% at optimized conditions (Congo Red Direct dye concentration 0.02%, catalyst dose 0.003 g·L−1, pH 6, and temperature (50 °C). The real textile industry effluent disclosed 70% decolorization at optimized conditions. The percent reduction in TOC and COD were found to be 73.24% and 74.56%, in the case of congo red dye catalytic treatment & the percent reduction in TOC and COD were found to be 62.47% and 60.23%, respectively in the treatment of textile effluent using nickel oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst. Treated and untreated dye samples were exposed to FTIR and UV-Visible spectral analyses too. The reaction products were studied by degradation pathway.

Sorption Isotherms and Thermodynamics of Direct Dye onto the Nano Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Treated Jute Yarn

Background: In this study, the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) G-2 dendrimer was applied to the jute yarn. Methods: Untreated and dendrimer treated jute yarns were then dyed with Direct Yellow 24. Thermodynamic parameters of dyed samples, free energy (ΔG°), the enthalpy (ΔH°), and the entropy (ΔS°) were also evaluated. Results: Dendrimer treated jute yarn showed higher dye sorption compare to untreated jute yarn. The values of ΔH° and ΔG° indicated that the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous at low temperature. Conclusion: Freundlich isotherm was found to be the optimum isotherm for untreated and BET isotherm defined for dendrimer treated jute yarn.

Preparation of CTS/MFA Composite and its Adsorption Property of Direct Dyes

A novel CTS/MFA composite was prepared by a solution reaction between chitosan (CTS) and fly ash modified by acid (MFA), and used for the adsorption of direct green BE (DG BE) and direct claret BE (DC BE) dyes. Some important conditions about preparation and adsorption of the composite were discussed in detail. The adsorption property of CTS/MFA was investigated. The results show that the obtained CTS/MFA (1:20 of CTS/FA mass ratio) has excellent adsorption properties for DG BE and DC BE dyes with adsorption capacities of 886 and 688mg/g , which are nearly 8 times higher than those of FA, respectively. The adsorption of CTS/MFA is strongly pH-dependent and the adsorption equilibrium can be reached in 90 minutes at 298K. The whole adsorption processes of two dyes fully conform to the pseudo-second-order rate model at different temperatures. The adsorption behavior can be described by Langmuir model well. It was found by the characterization of SEM/EDS and XRD that CTS was successfully loaded onto the MFA. The surface morphology of CTS/MFA changed significantly compared with that of FA, and the surface became more rough and uneven. As a cheap and easy-to-obtain composite material, CTS/MFA has a giant application potential for effective treatment of direct dye wastewater.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ПОВЕРХНЕВО-АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН НА ЯКІСТЬ ЗАБАРВЛЕННЯ ЗА МЕХАНІЗМОМ ГЕТЕРОКОАГУЛЯЦІЇ

To determine the eff ect of the type and concentration of surfactants on the coloring quality of a water-insoluble analogue of a straight dye of cotton textile materials by the mechanism of heterocoagulation. Method. Heterocoagulation mechanism was used to obtain dyeing of cotton textile materials with water insoluble direct dye form. Sample software was used to determine the color characteristics of colored samples of textile materials. Appropriate standard methods were used to determine the strengths of the obtained colors. Results. The concentrations of surfactant required for the combination of suffi cient intensity of the dyeing with the required strength of the dyeing to dry friction are determined. The analysis of the results shows that not only the particle size but also the nature of the interaction of the dye surfaces and the fi brous material, which is responsible for the depth of the fi rst low of the DLFO theory (Deriagin, Landau, Fairway, Overbeck theory), is important for heterocoagulation dyeing. Direct dye may be in the form of nanodispersion. In this situation, the diff usion of the dye into amorphous sections of the polymer is excluded. Dyeing is carried out on ly due to heterocoagulation - deposition of dye particles on the surface of the fi brous material. It has been investigated that the dispersion particle deposited on the surface by the mechanism of heterocoagulation is secured by the forces of intermolecular interaction and its stability on the surface is ensured by the balance of the forces of intermolecular interaction and the infl uence of mo lecules of the dispersion medium (Brownian motion eff ect). With the successive reduction of the size of the dye particles to the nanoscale, the infl uence of the forces of intermolecular interaction increases signifi cantly. Practical importance. Reducing the cost of the dyeing process and preventing the detection of structural heterogeneities of textile materials is possible when using a heterocoagulation dyeing mechanism.