Increasing Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills Using Advocacy Learning with Mathematical Problem Solving

The ability to think critically is one of the abilities students must possess. Students’ critical thinking skills have not been encouraging. There is a need for learning that can improve this ability, one of which is advocacy learning. The study aims to increase students’ critical thinking skills with open-ended mathematical problems in advocacy mathematics learning. This study is a nonequivalent control group design with a pre-test post-test control group. Sampling using cluster random sampling, randomization was carried out in classes at Junior High School 4 Bandung by taking two classes. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey. The results showed that students treated with an advocacy approach by giving open-ended questions had better mathematical critical thinking skills than those who received conventional learning. Also, students with high prior knowledge had better critical thinking skills compared to the other two groups. This research implies that the advocacy can be used as an alternative to learning mathematics for students with high prior knowledge.

Feasibility and use of psychophysiological responses based on cognitive load theory

The purpose of this study was to identify the feasibility of using the pupil dilation and heart rate variability (HRV), to diagnose learners’ changing cognitive load in a video learning setting. The pupil dilation and HRV of 23 participants were recorded during their learning progress, and the learning materials, including differences in task complexity, were presented to the groups of distinct prior knowledge. The results showed that the high prior knowledge group had lower pupil size than the low prior knowledge group, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power (LF/HF ratio) was higher in the high prior knowledge group than in the low prior knowledge group throughout the entire learning process, and the two groups showed different arousal patterns. Overall, learners’ changing cognitive load could be measured and visualised based on psychophysiological responses, the types of cognitive load could be assumed by using the two indices in parallel, and this study raised practical issues to the use of pupil size as an indicator of cognitive load in video learning.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif dengan Pendekatan Problem Posing Ditinjau dari Pengetahuan Awal Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Siswa SMK

This study aims to determine the effect of cooperative learning through problem posing approach to the students’ problem solving skills in terms of prior knowledge. The method used is a quasi-experimental method with 2x2 factorial study design. The study population was 163 students of class XI SMKN 9 Mataram scattered in 5 classes. These samples included 55 students, divided into two classes by cluster of random sampling technique. The research instrument is a test mastery of concepts and problem solving skills test given at the beginning and end of the study. The data was analyzed by Manova two ways. (1) students learn to use cooperative learning model with problem posing approach was significantly different in the aspect of problem solving ability than students who study with learning cooperative model only, (2) students who have high prior knowledge different significantly in aspects of problem solving ability compared students who have low prior knowledge, (3) there was not an interaction effect between learning model with prior knowledge of the problem solving ability students

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Assure dan Pengetahuan Awal Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA-Fisika Siswa Kelas Viii SMPN 22 Mataram

This is an experimental research. This research aim to examine the effect of ASSURE learning model and prior knowledge on science learning outcome in class VIII of SMPN 22 Mataram. The population is entire students in class VIII SMPN 22 Mataram with VIIIB as experiment class and VIIIC as control class. Both divided into high and low prior knowldege group. This research use factorial design 2x2. Hypothesis test use two ways anava. We got that (1) learning model take significant effect on learning outcome that ASSURE model get higher score than konventional model, (2) prior knowledge take significant effect on learning out come that higher prior knowledge get higher score than the low one, and (3) there is no interaction between learning model and prior knowledge on learning outcome. N-Gain test shown that high prior knowledge of ASSURE class get most improvement result and low pior knowledge of conventional class get worst. It is better to continue this ASSURE learning model in research using another student characterictic analyze. High prior knowledge experiment class get improvement result in all sub-chapter. Low prior knowledge experiment class and high prior knowledge control class get most improvement in wave characteristic. Low prior knowledge control class get most improvement in vibration characteristic.

How does prior explicit knowledge affect the efficacy of explicit instruction and feedback? The case of the personal a in L2 Spanish

This study examined the effectiveness of explicit instruction and feedback, focusing on degrees of prior knowledge of the personal a in intermediate level second language (L2) Spanish. On the pretest, participants ( n = 58) completed grammaticality judgment and picture description tasks, which found that learners had different degrees of receptive and productive command of the structure but had not mastered it above 90% accuracy. Based on pretest scores, participants were split into two groups: high prior knowledge (some receptive and productive command) and low prior knowledge (some receptive command only). On the posttest, half of each group was given computer-administered explicit instruction and feedback on the personal a followed by the two tasks. The control groups completed only the tasks. Results indicated that both instructed groups improved more than their respective control groups after treatment; however, while six individuals from the uninstructed high knowledge group improved over time on both tasks, no one from the uninstructed low knowledge group improved. Awareness results help to explain this difference, since both high prior knowledge and instruction with feedback were associated with higher levels of awareness. These results reveal a link between prior knowledge, awareness and the usefulness of instruction and feedback.

Analisis Kemampuan Mahasiswa dalam Pemecahkan Masalah Matematis menurut Teori Polya

This research aimed to describe students’ ability in solving mathematics problems according to Polya theory. According to writer’s experience in the subject of basic mathematics, the students had low ability in solving mathemathics problems. Therefore, the writer used the descriptive qualitative method to analyze problem-solving of mathematics according to Polya theory of semester two of IAIN students. Test and interview were used in collecting data. Based on analysis of simple statistic, it was found that students, whose high prior knowledge thought algorithmically in solving the question of problem-solving of mathematics, could understand the problems correctly and fluently. Students whose moderate prior knowledge thought algorithmically and not completely solved the questions of problem-solving. Furthermore, students whose low prior knowledge thought heuristic in solving the questions of problem-solving of mathematics.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DENGAN PENDEKATAN PROBLEM POSING DITINJAU DARI PENGETAHUAN AWAL TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP FISIKA SISWA SMK

This study aims to determine the effect of cooperative learning through problem posing approach to the mastery of concepts of students in terms of prior knowledge. The method used is a quasi-experimental method with 2x2 factorial study design. The study population was 163 students of class XI SMKN 9 Mataram scattered in 5 classes. These samples included 55 students, divided into two classes by cluster of random sampling technique. The research instrument is a test mastery of concepts and problem solving skills test given at the beginning and end of the study. The data was analyzed by Manova two ways. The results showed that (1) students learn to use cooperative learning model with problem posing approach was significantly different in the aspect of mastery of concepts than students who study with learning cooperative model only, (2) students who have high prior knowledge different significantly in aspects of mastery of concept compared students who have low prior knowledge, (3) there was an interaction effect between learning model with prior knowledge of the mastery of concepts students. Keywors: Cooperative Learning Model, Problem Posing, Prior Knowledge, Concepts Mastery

KEEFEKTIFAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN PBL PADA KOMPETENSI MEMPERBAIKI SISTEM PENDINGIN KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN TEKNIK KENDARAAN RINGAN

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of: (1)the problem-based learning (PBL) method; (2)the direct teaching method; (3)the PBL method compared with the direct teaching method, for the low prior knowledge students; (4)the PBL method compared with the direct teaching method, for the high prior knowledge students. This research is a quasi experimental with the pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The independent variabel was teaching method, the score on pre-test as a covariate, and the students. achievement as the dependent variable. The research population comprised year XI students of the Light Vehicle Engineering SMK Muhammadiyah Prambanan, totaling 137 students, divided into four classes. This study used a sample of two XI classes, totaling 64 students. The instrument was an achievement test in the multiple-choice form. The validation was conducted by analyzing the validity of the test items, difficulty level, discrimination index, and the functioning of the detractors. The result was that the 40 items used were all valid and the reliability was high (á=0.921). The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). This study conclude that, in the competence of repairing the cooling system by considering the students' score on pre-test as prior knowledge: (1) on the whole, the PBL method is more effective than the direct teaching methods, (2) the students who have high prior knowledge are more effective to be taught using the PBL method than the direct teaching method, (3) the students who have low prior knowledge are not difference in effectiveness to be taught using the PBL method and the direct teaching method, and (4) there is no difference in effectiveness between low prior knowledge students and high prior knowledge students who were taught using the PBL method.

The Effect of Teaching Strategies and Prior Knowledge on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension

The objectives of this experimental research were to find out whether: 1) students achievement in reading comprehension taught by using directed reading thinking activity (DRTA) strategy was higher than taught by using reciprocal teaching strategy. 2) Students’ achievement in reading comprehension with high prior knowledge was higher than that students with low prior knowledge, and 3) there was interaction between teaching strategies and prior knowledge on students’ achievement in reading comprehension. The population of this research was the students in grade VIII of SMP Dwi Tunggal T. Morawa in 2012/2013 school year. Prior knowledge test was conducted for classifying the students upon the high and low prior knowledge. Students’ achievement in reading comprehension was measured by using reading comprehension test. The data were analyzed by applying two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the level of significant . Scheffe –test result also showed that high prior knowledge students got higher achievement if they were taught by using directed reading thinking activity strategy while low prior knowledge students got higher achievement if they were taught by using reciprocal teaching strategy. Keywords: Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) Strategy; Reciprocal Teaching Strategy; Achievement in Reading Comprehension; Prior Knowledge