Mediation effect of collapse avoidance assurance on behavioural intention to use forensic accounting

Forensic Accounting is a widely known technique for fraud prevention and detection. To date, the demand for forensic accounting is increasing, as well as the fraud level. However, some companies are reluctant to use forensic accounting to find guilty and face legal consequences such as liquidation or winding up. The two main theories of this study are the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and Forensic Accounting Theory. The two theories incorporate fraud treat appraisal and collapse avoidance assurance in forensic accounting to determine the behavioural intention to use forensic accounting. This study is expected to generate the best model to address the unwillingness to adopt forensic accounting services by industrial products and services companies. Therefore, this study may significantly contribute to the increase in companies' awareness and willingness to use forensic accounting in mitigating fraud or unethical activities.

Influence of financial performance on underpricing of shares

Differences in shares prices before being traded on the secondary market caused investors to prefer to buy shares through the initial market at a much lower set price (underpricing of shares The Company wants to signal open information in terms of financial statements to investors by publishing a prospectus financial statement containing the financial performance of the company so that the company can make the right decisions regarding future investments and avoid information asymmetry (Guiness, 1992). This research aims to empirically test independent variables namely financial performance against variable dependent underpricing shares of banking corporations in 2019-2020, both simultaneously and partially. This study sampled as many as 60 banking corporations taken by purposive sampling methods. This study sampled as many as 60 banking corporations taken by purposive sampling methods. This research uses a quantitative approach through multiple regression analysis testing. The researcher found by partially testing that Earnings Per Share (X4), and Price Earning Ratio (X5) variables together influenced on Of Shares underpricing, whereas, the Current Ratio (X1), Return on Equity-ROE (X1), and Return of Assets-ROA (X3) variables had no significant influence on under-pricing of shares.

Review of justice for sustainability in the Covid-19 era

The resources and services being public open the discussion about their redistributive justice. That is the differences between governors and governed orient community self-management or state management, discarding socio-state co-management as a balance between the parties. In this way, the objective of the study was to model the dimensions of justice for sustainability, considering a review from 2019 to 2021. A structure of five dimensions was found that explained the research discussion, suggesting the approach of tariff policies as regulators of environmental resources and sectoral demands. Thus, justice for sustainability is a central category in the conflict between public administration and users.

Women empowerment in trade union movements: A strategy for national and economic development

Nigerian Trade Union (NTU) serves as a platform to safeguard and guarantee the interests and rights of workers in government organizations, regardless of gender and age. There is, however, a contrasting trend with regard to women empowerment in the trade Unionism in the Northern region. Hence, this study examines the participation of women in Nigerian trade union movements of Northern region. This study adopts a qualitative method of data collection. A total of eleven respondents from the Northern region were interviewed using unstructured questions. MAXQDA 2018 software version is used to analyze the data obtained from the field. In explaining the topic under investigation, the study has adopted the following two theories as a tool of research analysis: Empowerment and Social Constructivism theories. The key framework of these theories is largely premised on women empowerment and gender equality. These theories emphasize on the need for empowering women and gender fairness in every organization. The basis of the Social Constructivism theory is that gender inequality is socially constructed. The findings of this study demonstrate that women in the Northern region are not adequately empowered in the trade union movements this is because most of them are often subjugated to domestic activities. Therefore, the study recommends that the Nigerian government should enact national policies and strategies to encourage women participation and empowerment in the trade union movements in the region. The study adds that there is a need for women to be educated on gender discrimination by implementing the 35 percent Geneva Affirmative Action.

Board attributes, ownership structure and risk management: A proposed model for insurance firms in Nigeria

As a response to the weaknesses in corporate governance and risk management created by the 2007/2008 financial crises, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) becomes imperative, especially in the financial sector. Therefore, in understanding the board's responsibility in ensuring good governance through ERM implementation, two fundamental questions need to be answered; what determines the makeup of the board? And what determines boards' action? Consequently, this study proposed a conceptual framework for investigating the moderating role of ownership structure on the relationship between board attributes and risk management of insurance firms in Nigeria using the model approach. Hence, the control, resource acquisition, and service roles of the board as explained by agency, stewardship, and resource dependence theories explain this relationship. Board attributes are measured by board composition, board structure, board characteristics, and board process, ownership structure is measured by ownership concentration, board ownership, and foreign ownership, and ERM is measured using the disclosure index. Findings from the review of literature reveal that governance attributes in board attributes-risk management relationships have been measured on single or fragmented criteria, leading to contradictory or conflicting findings. Hence, the significance of the study lies in the conceptualization and choice of board attributes as explained by board roles and an integrative theoretical perspective to propose the choice of board attributes in the board attributes-risk management relationship and how ownership structure can influence the relationship, adding to the existing literature onboard attributes, ownership structure, and risk management.

A temporal study of the responsiveness of foreign private investment to exchange rate in Nigeria, 1981 – 2018

This study examined the response of foreign private investment flows to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates in Nigeria. The empirical analysis was conducted using ordinary least square Multiple Regression on E-view 10 Econometric model for the period 1981 to 2018. Preliminary analysis was carried out with Jarque Bera normality test and Johnson’s transformation test to confirm normal distribution of data and the transformation is effective. A negative relationship between foreign exchange fluctuation and foreign private investment is found. Also, that Bank lending interest rate, market capitalization, external debts and trade openness have a significant effect on the foreign private capital flows in Nigeria while foreign exchange rate fluctuation does not significantly affect private investment. From the findings of the study, we recommend i) That policymakers in Nigeria should seek and implement appropriate exchange rate that will boost foreign private investment; ii) Ensure enlarge trade relationship by allowing international organizations and citizens of other countries access to the financial market in the domestic economy; iii) They should discourage external borrowing to significantly reduce debt service burden.

Pleasure or Business-Travelling and the Pandemic Virus: Socio Legal Aspect

Ever since the corona pandemic hit the world with full rancour, people have gone into hiding thus restricting movement in all spheres, bringing their movement to a halt. It has been extrapolated since ages that movement of masses is the essence of economics. A man moves to earn, to seek visual pleasure, to seek social contact and as such the freedom to move freely, is both a legal and fundamental right, guaranteed under the Indian Constitution. The following research article aims to study the socio-legal aspect of restricted or altered human movement brought about by the pandemic and its effect on the tourism and hospitality industry. The study findings include the immense loss which the industry has suffered as result of the pandemic, followed by the path forward in terms of the new trends which may emerge in the year 2021, to cope with the loses. A further scope of study in the stated research topic may include developing fail-safe systems as method of check and balance to keep the tourism and hospitality industry afloat, in the event of such unforeseen crisis.

The impact of public external debt on private investment. Evidence from Zimbabwe under the multi-currency system.

The levels of public debt have grown significantly in both emerging and developed countries even during times of peace. The rising levels of debt pose substantial debt sustainability issues to developing countries including Zimbabwe. A defaulting country usually has limited access to new international credit lines or tends to borrow at a higher cost, due to high perceived country risk premium, making the country a less attractive investment destination. Zimbabwe is currently suffering debt distress and has since the year 2000 struggled to service her external debt from international multilateral financial institutions. Zimbabwe’s external debt continues to pile up due to penalties on defaults. This paper examines the impact of public external debt on private investment in Zimbabwe, using quarterly time-series data for the period 2009 and 2017. The period of study was a period of relative stability when Zimbabwe operated under a multicurrency system. Interest rates, political risk, trade openness and household consumption are control variables of this study. Using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), we find that external debt and external debt squared have a negative impact on private investment in the long run. Results suggest that Zimbabwe’s external debt is crowding out private investment. In the short-term, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to apply for debt rescheduling to avoid penalties that have so far contributed to the ballooning of Zimbabwe’s external debt obligations. In the medium term, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to design comprehensive debt and arrears reduction strategies, to reduce Zimbabwe’s external debt to sustainable levels. In the long term, after regaining borrowing rights, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to invest external borrowings in productive ventures, to facilitate debt amortisation. Secondly, we recommend that external debt be invested in education, health and infrastructure, which can potentially stimulate private investment, and thus create a multiplier effect on economic growth. Lastly, we recommend the government to invest foreign loans in sectors where Zimbabwe enjoys a comparative advantage, to ensure reliable export revenue for debt servicing.

Analysis of the facts of urbanization with forecasting the trend of urban population in Bangladesh: An application of ARIMA method

There are some positive ramifications of urbanization, along these lines, which incorporate the employment opportunities, innovative and infrastructural progressions, enhanced transportation, and correspondence. The betterment of clinical services and educational facilities in urban areas increase the living standard. Urbanization has negative outcomes on wellbeing due essentially to contamination and packed everyday environments. The ARIMA methodology has been used to forecast urban populations (% of total) in Bangladesh up to 2030. ARIMA method considers time-series data from 1972 to 2019 to estimate the forecasting. The current study estimates an increasing trend of urban populations in Bangladesh over time. This study has contributed to creating awareness in the case of the changing urban population.

Financial instruments disclosure: Do audit committee and audit quality matter?

This study was motivated by a dearth of empirical literature on the relationship between audit committee characteristics, audit quality and financial instruments disclosure of a developing country. From the Nigerian Stock Exchange, up to date records over the period of three years (that is, from 2016 to 2018) were sourced from the sample size of all the 20 commercial banks and selected 30 insurance companies. After considering the dual role of audit committee as monitors to shareholders wealth and advisors for transparent managerial action based on quality audit information, the empirical analysis which employs a generalised method of moment estimator (GMM) that account for endogeneity concerns (simultaneity, reverse causality and unobserved heterogeneity)indicate that, audit committee meeting frequency (log acm) and audit quality positively and significantly relates to financial instruments disclosure each at 5% level. This result indicates the incentivizing role of audit on the new regulation as it applies to financial institutions in Nigeria. Moreover, firm size (log fsize) is positively related to financial instruments disclosure at 5% level of significance. On the contrary, this study found no significant relationship existing amongst audit committee size and financial instruments disclosure and audit committee meeting frequency and financial instruments disclosure of financial institutions in Nigeria. The study’s implications in the Nigerian context have been discussed.