Application of an artificial neural network for determination of the cylinder-piston group wear level of the automobile-tractor engine

The article proposes reducing the redundancy of the neural network and the need to reduce the number of neurons in the hidden layer for a given level of network learning error. The minimum number of neurons of the hidden layer for the case of 11 monitoring standard sensors, the parameters of the automobile and tractor engine (ATE) and five classes of typical defects of the ATE nodes can be reduced to 5-7 with a high quality of recognition of the state of the ATE engine. The goal is to provide an expanded reliable knowledge base, the speed of information processing, the accuracy of the resulting technical diagnosis and the ability to quickly determine the technical state of an automotive engine in the mode real time. The basis of the proposed method is to ensure obtaining an extended reliable knowledge base, the speed of information processing, the accuracy of the obtained technical diagnosis and the ability to quickly determine the technical state of an ATE engine in real time. A feature of the proposed method is the use of voltages obtained in an artificial neural network from sensors that are standard in an ATE engine as input signals, and additionally indicate the output signal of the fuel cut-off device, provided for one step, containing a winding of a normally closed electromagnetic valve, which redirects fuel to the drain line. The use of the algorithm for identifying the values of the indicators of operating modes and malfunctions of the cylinder-piston group is the result of the analysis of an artificial neural network, which receive the results of the diagnostic parameters of the automotive engine. Having studied the artificial neural network 1 with different volumes of training data, we obtained the dependence of the change in the reliability of the result on the size of the training data and the reliability of the recognition result is 91.2%, the optimal amount of training data is 1200. Having examined the artificial neural network 2 with different volumes of training data, we obtained the dependence of the change in the reliability the result from the size of the training data and the reliability of the recognition result is 86.5%, the optimal amount of training data is from 10 to 15. The results obtained show the fundamental possibility of creating predictive models of units and assemblies of the tested automotive engines. The model can be created using the apparatus of artificial neural networks and using a fairly large database of tests performed.

A model for determining the time of pointing a grip-cutting device of feller buncher machines on a growing tree

Исследование посвящено нахождению аналитической математической модели по определению времени наведения захватно-срезающего устройства на растущее дерево. В качестве известных параметров используются конструктивные размеры технологического оборудования, снятые с компоновочно-кинематических схем валочно-пакетирующих машин, требуемая высота пня и среднее расстояние между деревьями пасики. Поиск требуемой модели кратко можно разделить на несколько последовательных этапов: нахождение пути, который пройдет шток гидроцилиндра привода стрелы, и по известной формуле скорости перемещения поршня гидроцилиндра находится время на подвод стрелы к дереву; нахождение пути, который пройдет шток гидроцилиндра привода рукояти; нахождение пути, который пройдет шток гидроцилиндра привода наклона захватно-срезающего устройства; нахождение пути, который пройдет шток гидроцилиндра привода рычагов захвата в процессе раскрытия. Сумма времени на подвод каждого из элементов технологического оборудования и есть время на наведение, присущее неопытному оператору, в случае опытного оператора время на наведение захватно-срезающего устройства к дереву определяется максимальным временем одного из компонентов. The research is devoted to finding an analytical mathematical model for determining the aiming time of a feller head on a growing tree. As the known parameters are used. The design dimensions of the technological equipment, taken from layout and kinematic diagrams of feller-buncher machines, the required stump height and the average distance between the trees of the windrow. The search for the required model can be briefly divided into several successive steps: finding the path that the hydraulic cylinder rod of the boom drive will take and by the known formula of speed of movement of the hydraulic cylinder piston is time to bring the boom to the tree; finding the way which the rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the arm drive; to find the path which the hydraulic cylinder rod of the tilt of the feller head; finding the path which the hydraulic cylinder rod for the arm actuator will take during the opening. The sum of the time for supplying each of the elements of technological equipment is the time required for the orientation, which is characteristic for a nonexperienced operator. In case of an experienced operator the time for setting the feller head to the tree is determined by the maximum time of one of the components.

Shipboard tests of tribochemical lubrication mode

The article is devoted to the tests of the main marine engine 8CHRN 32/48 (8NVD-48A-2U) SRT "Captain Rogozin" of the Murmansk SPCRK, operated in the tribochemical lubrication mode in the Barents Sea. The satisfactory condition of the cylinder-piston group parts is shown. Analysis of changes in the physical-chemical parameters of engine oil showed that the tribochemical lubrication mode with the TVM-S device stabilizes the physical-chemical properties of the oil when refilling fresh oil "on the fumes" and ensures continuous operation (up to 10 thousand hours) in a long-term mode equal to two of its resources.

Assessment of the impact of the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group parts on nitrogen oxide emissions

Nowadays, a lot is paid to environmental protection issues, including those related to reducing emissions from ships of the sea and river fleet, which is reflected in many works. Constant control over the content of harmful emissions in the environment forces us to deal with the issues of reducing emissions from diesel engines at the design stages and during operation. The solution to this problem allows us to consider 2 directions: constructional and the use of special equipment for capture and neutralization. In the best case, a combined method can be used, i.e. constructional with the use of capturing equipment for harmful components in diesel exhaust gases. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of various factors that reduce the load on the atmospheric air from nitrogen oxides of marine diesel engines, namely, from the operating settings of the diesel engine and its wear. On the ships of the river fleet, diesel engines are used with various mixture formation with volumetric, volumetric-film, vortex mixture formation. The leader in the listed group is the volumetric mixture engines. The paper provides an assessment of the research carried out to analyze various methods of influencing the working process of a diesel engine - the type of mixture formation, wear of the cylinder sleeve in order to determine their influence on the formation of NOx emissions.

The analyses of working process unstable in combustion chamber of ship internal-combustion engine

The article considers examples of unstable combustion processes in individual cylinders of marine diesel installations. It is shown that the instability of thermal engineering processes is determined by the grade of fuel, fuel preparation, wear of the cylinder-piston group and fuel equipment. The necessity of continuous monitoring of the technical condition of the power plant during operation is shown.

Research and development of commercially viable lubricants to intensify working life of marine diesel engines and cylinder piston group in internal combustion engines

The paper presents the results of studying the influence of variable characteristics of lubricating oils for marine diesel engines (concentration of layered friction modifier in lubricating oil, viscosity of lubricating oil, contact pressure in the friction zone) on the tribological parameters of parts of the cylinder-piston group of marine diesel engines. There are considered the aspects of increasing the reliability and wear resistance of the cylinder-piston group of marine diesel engines when a layered friction modifier is added to the base lubricating oil in a concentration of 1.5 vol.%. There have been carried out the comparative tribological studies of M-16G2CS lubricating oil including an additive based on molybdenum diselenide. Dependences of the wear of parts of the cylinder-piston group of a marine engine on different parameters of the studied lubricants are shown. The wear rate of experimental samples in conditions of variable characteristics of lubricants has been studied. According to the tribological studies of lubricants and structural materials, the tribological rating of lubricating compositions containing M16G2CS marine engine oil as a base and a layered friction modifier - molybdenum diselenide as a tribologically active additive was built. The test tool for the antiwear ability of lubricants is a friction machine of an original design with abraded samples according to the “ball-cylinder” contact scheme. Mechanical mixing of the lubricating medium of “oil + additive” type on the RPU-0.8-55A rotary-pulsating unit was one of the variable parameters in the tests. The tribological efficiency of the studied antiwear additive varies depending on the type of mixing of the additive solution before adding to the base lubricating oil and makes 13-54% (the difference in the diameter of the wear spot of the sample) for mechanical mixing, and for rotary-pulsation mixing - 45-56%.

Energy Efficiency and Limitations of the Methods of Controlling the Hydraulic Cylinder Piston Rod under Various Load Conditions

The article is an overview of various methods of braking and controlling the movement of the piston rod under various load conditions. The purpose of this review is to systematize the state of the art in terms of efficiency, energy consumption and limitations of each method. The article discusses systems with different types of hydraulic actuators, operating under passive, active and variable load during the duty cycle of the piston rod. The existing literature was analysed in terms of applicability, reduction of energy consumption of the systems and even the possibility of energy return. Attention was paid to the costs and the need for additional power sources, as well as the problems and limitations of the presented methods. Based on the simulation model, energy consumption tests were carried out in systems with an actuator loaded with a variable force. There is a comparison of all methods in terms of actuator type, load, energy consumption and the possibility of energy recovery.