scholarly journals Reappraisal of gap analysis for effusive crises at Piton de la Fournaise

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Peltier ◽  
Magdalena Oryaëlle Chevrel ◽  
Andrew J. L. Harris ◽  
Nicolas Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Neutral Group ◽  
Piton De La Fournaise ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Volcano Observatory ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Response And Recovery

AbstractEffective and rapid effusive crisis response is necessary to mitigate the risks associated with lava flows that could threaten or inundate inhabited or visited areas. At Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion, France), well-established protocols between Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise – Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (OVPF-IPGP) and civil protection, and between scientists of a multinational array of institutes, allow effective tracking of eruptive crises and hazard management embracing all stakeholders. To assess the outstanding needs for such responses Tsang and Lindsay (J Appl Volcanol 9:9, 2020) applied a gap analysis to assess research gaps in terms of preparedness, response and recovery at 11 effusive centers, including Piton de la Fournaise. For Piton de la Fournaise, their gap analysis implied widespread gaps in the state of knowledge. However, their work relied on incomplete and erroneous data and methods, resulting in a gap analysis that significantly underrepresented this state of knowledge. We thus here re-build a correct database for Piton de la Fournaise, properly define the scope of an appropriate gap analysis, and provide a robust gap analysis, finding that there are, actually, very few gaps for Piton de la Fournaise. This is a result of the existence of a great quantity of published work in the peer-reviewed literature, as well as frequent reports documenting event impact in the local press and observatory reports. At Piton de la Fournaise, this latter (observatory-based) resource is largely due to the efforts of OVPF-IPGP who have a wealth of experience having responded to 81 eruptions since its creation in 1979 through the end of September 2021.Although welcome and necessary, especially if it is made by a group of scientists outside the local management of the volcanic risk (i.e., a neutral group), such gap analysis need to be sure to fully consider all available peer-reviewed literature, as well as newspaper reports, observatory releases and non-peer-reviewed eruption reports, so as to be complete and correct. Fundamentally, such an analysis needs to consider the information collected and produced by the volcano observatory charged with handling surveillance operations and reporting duties to civil protection for the volcano under analysis. As a very minimum, to ensure that a necessarily comprehensive and complete treatment of the scientific literature has been completed, we recommend that a third party expert, who is a recognized specialist in terms of research at the site considered, reviews and checks the material used for the gap analysis before final release of recommendations.

Space‐borne and ground‐based SAR interferometry as tools for landslide hazard management in civil protection

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2351-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Corsini ◽  
P. Farina ◽  
G. Antonello ◽  
M. Barbieri ◽  
N. Casagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Hazard Management

scholarly journals Reinforcement Learning in Blockchain-Enabled IIoT Networks: A Survey of Recent Advances and Open Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furqan Jameel ◽  
Uzair Javaid ◽  
Wali Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Aman ◽  
Haris Pervaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transmission Delays ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Block Time ◽  
Time Minimization

Blockchain is emerging as a promising candidate for the uberization of Internet services. It is a decentralized, secure, and auditable solution for exchanging, and authenticating information via transactions, without the need of a trusted third party. Therefore, blockchain technology has recently been integrated with industrial Internet-of-things (IIoT) networks to help realize the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. Though blockchain-enabled IIoT networks may have the potential to support the services and demands of next-generation networks, the gap analysis presented in this work highlights some of the areas that need improvement. Based on these observations, the article then promotes the utility of reinforcement learning (RL) techniques to address some of the major issues of blockchain-enabled IIoT networks such as block time minimization and transaction throughput enhancement. This is followed by a comprehensive case study where a Q-learning technique is used for minimizing the occurrence of forking events by reducing the transmission delays for a miner. Extensive simulations have been performed and the results have been obtained for the average transmission delay which relates to the forking events. The obtained results demonstrate that the Q-learning approach outperforms the greedy policy while having a reasonable level of complexity. To further develop the blockchain-enabled IIoT networks, some future research directions are also documented. While this article highlights the applications of RL techniques in blockchain-enabled IIoT networks, the provided insights and results could pave the way for rapid adoption of blockchain technology.

scholarly journals Romanian civil protection. From the perspective of nato crisis response measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 1(14)/2020 (1(14)/2020) ◽  
pp. 157-184
Author(s):  
Claudiu Bratu ◽  
Mariana Barbu
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Response Measures

Civil protection activity is of national interest. Implementation of civil protection measures and actions represents an element to analyze and quantify the country good governance in peace time. The strategic objective of NATO Crisis Response Measures implementation in civil protection area is that of civil protection and consist in ensuring the continuity of constitutional functions by the Romanian State and increasing the national resilience in the context of civil protection situations occurrence, by protecting the population, respectively reducing social and economic effects. The responsibility of the civil protection system in the context of implementing NATO Crisis Response Measures needs to be seen and understood as a fundamental element of state functioning. The involvement of state structures in this area indicates the level of stability/instability of the national and regional security environment. The improvement of the Civil Protection national system should also be seen from the perspective of internal and international challenges. These can be addressed more effectively, with lower effects in terms of human and material costs, through a correct approach to addressing legislative gaps, eliminating relatively divergent and circumstantial approaches by the institutional form of certain strategic issues. In a complex geopolitical context for Romania, the correct approach to civil protection, which as a whole addresses the protection of the population in emergency, crisis or war situations, as well as the support to military structures involved in military actions or in fulfilling the responsibilities of the Host Nation Support, must represent a major concern for the highest political decision-makers, namely the supreme legislative body that is the Romanian Parliament.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing with mobile techniques for crisis support

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Frigerio ◽  
Luca Schenato ◽  
Giulia Bossi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Crisis Support ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Emergency Actions

The responsibilities deployed from the central authorities to local levels acting as first actors of civil protection are a changing pattern in natural hazard management. Prevention and preparedness are long-term goals, rooted in the competence of volunteers, and on the awareness of the citizens as local inhabitants. MAppERS (Mobile Application for Emergency Response and Support) relies on people as “crowd-sourced mappers” through mobiles application. The feedback received from testing and training courses aims to raise participation in a networked disaster response. The goal was to design a mobile application with a real-time dashboard for public citizens and volunteers of civil protection. Two pilot study cases were selected that included trainings on modules, verification of the usability and the quality of the product. The synchronized platform shows the activity of the cloud data collection with a central data dashboard. A first section of the application focuses on floods processes by gathering data from local population, and contributes to awareness and long-term preparedness. The second section of the application tests pre-emergency actions on field with rescue teams, collecting the condition of the hazards.

The development of the private security industry in South Korea: history, progress, and critical issues, 1950-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Woon Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The South ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Security Industry

Purpose – The literature on the growth and regulations pertaining to private security has been largely confined to western countries, with very little published on other jurisdictions including South Korea. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general account of the development of the South Korean industry and an assessment of regulation, covering the period from 1950 to the present day, and to explore areas of possible improvement in regulation. Design/methodology/approach – A research synthesis method was utilised to identify and integrate qualitative materials on turning points and regulatory changes, with the addition of a gap analysis based on established concepts of best practice in industry regulation. Findings – The security industry in South Korea has grown exponentially, worth over $2.7 billion per annum. Notwithstanding this, regulation evolved through piecemeal rather than comprehensive changes. The problem is similar to those found in many other countries. However, in South Korea, over-reliance on market mechanisms of regulation, combined with the government’s lukewarm stance on stimulating the non-public security sector, means that there are inadequate guarantees of baseline competence and integrity. Practical implications – The study demonstrates the need for governments to be more proactive and consultative in regulating the burgeoning security industry, and move away from ad hoc responses to industry problems. Regulation should be comprehensive in covering all relevant operational aspects of security work that are reflective of a growth profile. Regulatory agencies should actively explore training programmes linked to career path development and professionalisation. Execution of regulatory enforcement should be independent from political or third-party influence. Regulators should be innovative in applying and evaluating research-based regulatory strategies. Originality/value – The study provides a comprehensive overview of the South Korean security industry and regulatory issues, adding to a more international understanding of regulatory challenges in security.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing with mobile techniques for crisis support

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Frigerio ◽  
Luca Schenato ◽  
Giulia Bossi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Crisis Support ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Emergency Actions

The responsibilities deployed from the central authorities to local levels acting as first actors of civil protection are a changing pattern in natural hazard management. Prevention and preparedness are long-term goals, rooted in the competence of volunteers, and on the awareness of the citizens as local inhabitants. MAppERS (Mobile Application for Emergency Response and Support) relies on people as “crowd-sourced mappers” through mobiles application. The feedback received from testing and training courses aims to raise participation in a networked disaster response. The goal was to design a mobile application with a real-time dashboard for public citizens and volunteers of civil protection. Two pilot study cases were selected that included trainings on modules, verification of the usability and the quality of the product. The synchronized platform shows the activity of the cloud data collection with a central data dashboard. A first section of the application focuses on floods processes by gathering data from local population, and contributes to awareness and long-term preparedness. The second section of the application tests pre-emergency actions on field with rescue teams, collecting the condition of the hazards.

scholarly journals Local Knowledge and Participation in the Covid-19 Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lenhardt
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Response ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Participatory Research Methods

This report explores approaches to participation in humanitarian response and evidence on the contributions of community engagement in effective response and recovery efforts.It begins with a brief overview of decolonial perspectives on the Covid-19 pandemic to situate participation in the wider context and history of humanitarian and development theory and practice. This is followed by a brief summary of evidence on the role of participation in humanitarian activities andsituates the now ubiquitous concept of ‘Building Back Better’ (BBB) inthe discussion of participatory crisis response and recovery. The remaining sections of the report introduce participatory approaches that have been applied through the Covid-19 pandemic: decentralised decision-making, technological adaptations to engage local communities, and Southern-led research and participatory research methods.

scholarly journals How CETYS Engineering is Preparing Its Students for Success

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Ana Melissa Algravez ◽  
Dan L. Shunk ◽  
Jorge Sosa Lopez ◽  
Juan M. Terrazas Gaynor ◽  
Juan R. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Private Institution ◽  
College Of Engineering ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Taking Action

The Center for Technical and Higher Education (CETYS University) is a private institution of educational excellence, born in 1961 in Baja California under the auspices of a group of visionary entrepreneurs committed to education. CETYS Engineering recognized in the Spring of 2016 that it needed a formal organization to provide third-party, external feedback for the advancement of the CETYS College of Engineering. An Engineering Advisory Council (EAC) was formed that Spring.At the May 2017 meeting of the EAC it was asked:What competencies are needed for the engineer of tomorrow?How is CETYS preparing its engineering students to meet this challenge?These two simple questions lead to a year-long study conducted by the EAC. The results of this effort are presented in this paper. Key findings are as follows:With a broad industry sample size of 42 we determined what are the most important Domains of Attributes, Skills and Abilities an engineer needs to possess.Using this Domain prioritization we then learned “What are the biggest Competency Gaps?” that industry is finding in engineers today.Using this Gap analysis we then looked at the CETYS curriculum and determined that almost all of the gaps are overtly addressed in multiple classes.Finally, the Engineering College is taking action to determine if those not formally addressed can be addressed in the educational experience.

scholarly journals Volcano Crisis Management at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) during the COVID-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Peltier ◽  
Valérie Ferrazzini ◽  
Andrea Di Muro ◽  
Philippe Kowalski ◽  
Nicolas Villeneuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
La Réunion ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Piton De La Fournaise ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Volcano Observatory ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract In March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and became a global health crisis. Authorities worldwide implemented lockdowns to restrict travel and social exchanges in a global effort to counter the pandemic. In France, and in French overseas departments, the lockdown was effective from 17 March to 11 May 2020. It was in this context that the 2–6 April 2020 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean) took place. Upon the announcement of the lockdown in France, a reduced activity plan was set up by the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, which manages the Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF). The aim was to (1) maintain remote monitoring operations by teleworking and (2) authorize fieldwork only for critical reasons, such as serious breakdowns of stations or transmission relays. This eruption provided an opportunity for the observatory to validate its capacity to manage a volcanic crisis with 100% remotely operated monitoring networks. We thus present the long- and short-term precursors to the eruption, and the evolution of the eruption recorded using the real-time monitoring data as communicated to the stakeholders. The data were from both continuously recording and transmitting field instruments as well as satellites. The volcano observatory staff remotely managed the volcano crisis with the various stakeholders based only on these remotely functioning networks. Monitoring duties were also assured in the absence of ad hoc field investigation of the eruption by observatory staff or face-to-face communications. The density and reliability of the OVPF networks, combined with satellite observations, allowed for trustworthy instrument-based monitoring of the eruption and continuity of the OVPF duties in issuing regular updates of volcanic activity in the context of a double crisis: volcanic and health.

Analysis of the Dutch Crisis Response System in the Context of the Common European Union Resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Chris van Duuren ◽  
Tomasz Zwęgliński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
System Development ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

The increasing integrity of the European Union member states is more and more regarding the security and civil protection aspects. On the other hand the priority in responsibility for the safety and security is still in the domain of the sovereign states. It means that the individual states of the EU are responsible for designing and managing their own security and civil protection systems. However, the integration processes within the EU trigger a significant need for an increase of common understanding of the individual member states’ philosophies, approaches and systems utilized in the domain of security and civil protection. Only then if we understand how the others work, we are able to assist them in a crisis or disaster. Therefore, it is highly important to share and understand each other’s systems between member states. The article presents the Dutch approach to national risk assessment as well as organizational aspects of internal security system applied in the Netherlands. It also suggest the future challenges which are at the near horizon of the system development.

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