Synthesis of ZnWO4/Cu2O Composites and Efficient Catalytic Properties for 4-nitrophenol Removal

Preparation of ZnWO4/Cu2O composite materials by environmental protection experimental method. ZnWO4 nanorods were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, and then ZnWO4/Cu2O composites were prepared by chemical precipitation method. The experimental method is simple and clean. Due to the unique structural characteristics of Cu2O, the wide band gap of ZnWO4 was improved and the ZnWO4/Cu2O composite with better catalytic performance was generated. Various tests show that the catalytic performance and stability of ZnWO4/Cu2O is not lower than that of ZnWO4. Among them, ZnWO4/Cu2O-5 has the best catalytic degradation effect. The Cu-H generated during the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) prevents the oxidation of Cu+, and the neutral product 4-aminophenol (4-AP) is easier to fall off, which improves its recycling efficiency. These encouraging results show that the ZnWO4/Cu2O composites have great potential to degrade 4-NP.

Glucose Metabolism byEscherichia coliInhibitsVibrio choleraeIntestinal Colonization of Zebrafish

ABSTRACTTheVibrio choleraeO1 serogroup is responsible for pandemic cholera and is divided into the classical and El Tor biotypes. ClassicalV. choleraeproduces acid when using glucose as a carbon source, whereas El TorV. choleraeproduces the neutral product acetoin when using glucose as a carbon source. An earlier study demonstrated thatEscherichia colistrains that metabolize glucose to acidic by-products drastically reduced the survival ofV. choleraestrainsin vitro. In the present study, zebrafish were fed 1% glucose and either inoculated with singleV. choleraeorE. colistrains or coinfected with bothV. choleraeandE. coli. A significant decrease in classical biotype colonization was observed after glucose feeding due to acid production in the zebrafish intestine. El Tor colonization was unaffected by glucose alone. However, the El Tor strain exhibited significantly lower colonization of the zebrafish when either of the acid-producingE. colistrains was coinoculated in the presence of glucose. AnE. colisugar transport mutant had no effect onV. choleraecolonization even in presence of glucose. Glucose andE. coliproduced a prophylactic effect on El Tor colonization in zebrafish whenE. coliwas inoculated beforeV. choleraeinfection. Thus, the probiotic feeding ofE. coliinhibitsV. choleraecolonization in a natural host. This suggests that a similar inhibitory effect could be seen in cholera patients, especially if a glucose-based oral rehydration solution (ORS) is administered in combination with probioticE. coliduring cholera treatment.

Supple bodies, healthy minds: yoga, psychedelics and American mental health

Much discussion about mental health has revolved around treatment models. As interdisciplinary scholarship has shown, mental health knowledge, far from being a neutral product detached from the society that generated it, was shaped by politics, economics and culture. By drawing on case studies of yoga, religion and fitness, this article will examine the ways in which mental health practices—sometimes scientific, sometimes spiritual—have been conceived, debated and applied by researchers and the public. More specifically, it will interrogate the relationship between yoga, psychedelics, South Asian and Eastern religion (as understood and practiced in the USA) and mental health.

The reductive deposition of quaternary pyridinium corrosion inhibitor multilayers on glassy carbon electrodes

The redox behaviour of several quaternary pyridinium corrosion inhibitors ("Quats") at glassy carbon (GC) electrodes has been investigated in neutral aqueous solutions. The primary emphasis is on n-butyl-3-(N-octyl carbamyl)pyridinium bromide, one of the Quats determined to have very good corrosion inhibition properties based on parallel weight loss experiments. It is demonstrated that the reduction of the Quats, which occurs in a two-electron reaction at potentials negative of –1.0 V vs. SSCE, results in the formation of a neutral product. This forms a porous film on the electrode surface, with clusters that expand and thicken as more Quat deposits, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The film charge density reaches a maximum of ~4 mC/cm2, equivalent to more than 100 monolayers of Quat, after which no further Quat can be deposited, suggesting full surface coverage by a nonconducting product. The Quat multilayer can then be redissolved at potentials positive of ~ –0.2 V, during its oxidation back to its original solution-soluble form. Key words: quaternarized pyridinium compounds, reductive film deposition, glassy carbon, multilayer, corrosion inhibitors, cyclic voltammetry, AFM.

Demonstration of a peptide:N-glycosidase in the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver

Prompted by previous observations that polymannose oligosaccharides are released from newly synthesized glycoproteins [Anumula and Spiro (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 15274–15282], we examined rat liver endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for the presence of endoglycosidases that could be involved in an event presumed to be a function of the protein quality control machinery. Our investigations indicated that a peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) is present in ER membranes that has the capacity to release from radiolabelled glycopeptides glucosylated as well as non-glucosylated polymannose oligosaccharides terminating at their reducing end in a di-N-acetylchitobiose sequence (OS-GlcNAc2). This enzyme, which was found to be luminal in orientation, was most active in the pH range 5.5–7.0 and although it had no exogenous bivalent-cation requirements it was inhibited by EDTA. Detailed studies with Man9GlcNAc2-peptides demonstrated that in addition to the free oligosaccharide (Man9GlcNAc2) an additional neutral product characterized as Man9GlcNAc2 linked to an as yet unidentified aglycone was released in a manner that suggests its role as an intermediate. Our observation that ER, in contrast with cytosol, had no endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity would indicate that oligosaccharides terminating in a single GlcNAc residue (OS-GlcNAc1), which have been noted to appear in the extravesicular compartment shortly after N-glycosylation [Moore and Spiro (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 12715–12721] are released from the protein as OS-GlcNAc2 and undergo an ER-to-cytosol translocation in that form before undergoing cleavage of their chitobiose core.

A Data Model for Integration of the Precommissioning Life-Cycle Stages of the Shipbuilding Product

This paper reports some aspects of the work being carried out on the NEUTRABAS project under the ESPRIT II European research program. The aim of this project is to specify and implement a neutral product definition database for large marine-related artifacts, covering a large part of the complete product life-cycle. The results of this research program will facilitate the effective exchange of product related data between disparate computer-based information systems, and hence promote a movement towards product life-cycle integration. The scope of the product model being developed as the basis for this integration is described in terms of its spatial and steel structural components, together with the implications for integration with other models of outfitting and engineering systems. The model is shown to encompass the wide range of product-related data which is associated with the various precommissioning stages of the product life-cycle. A suitable database architecture designed to support product data exchange and full life-cycle integration based on this product model is described and discussed.