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2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1459-1470
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Yanli He

Abstract In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of traveling wave solutions in nonlocal delayed higher-dimensional lattice systems with quasi-monotone nonlinearities. By using the upper and lower solution method and Schauder’s fixed point theorem, we establish the existence of traveling wave solutions. To illustrate our results, the existence of traveling wave solutions for a nonlocal delayed higher-dimensional lattice cooperative system with two species are considered.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan Li ◽  
Xiao-Bao Shu ◽  
Tengyuan Miao

AbstractIn this article, we consider the existence of solutions to the Sturm–Liouville differential equation with random impulses and boundary value problems. We first study the Green function of the Sturm–Liouville differential equation with random impulses. Then, we get the equivalent integral equation of the random impulsive differential equation. Based on this integral equation, we use Dhage’s fixed point theorem to prove the existence of solutions to the equation, and the theorem is extended to the general second order nonlinear random impulsive differential equations. Then we use the upper and lower solution method to give a monotonic iterative sequence of the generalized random impulsive Sturm–Liouville differential equations and prove that it is convergent. Finally, we give two concrete examples to verify the correctness of the results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Abdelatif Boutiara ◽  
Maamar Benbachir ◽  
Jehad Alzabut ◽  
Mohammad Esmael Samei

The objective of this paper is to study the existence of extremal solutions for nonlinear boundary value problems of fractional differential equations involving the ψ−Caputo derivative CDa+σ;ψϱ(t)=V(t,ϱ(t)) under integral boundary conditions ϱ(a)=λIν;ψϱ(η)+δ. Our main results are obtained by applying the monotone iterative technique combined with the method of upper and lower solutions. Further, we consider three cases for ψ*(t) as t, Caputo, 2t, t, and Katugampola (for ρ=0.5) derivatives and examine the validity of the acquired outcomes with the help of two different particular examples.


Author(s):  
Nazia Urus ◽  
Amit Verma

In this article, we explore the monotone iterative technique (MI-technique) to study the existence of solutions for a class of nonlinear Neumann 4-point, boundary value problems (BVPs) defined as, \begin{eqnarray*} \begin{split} -\z^{(2)}(\y)=\x(\y,\z,\z^{(1)}),\quad 0<\y<1,\\ \z^{(1)}(0)=\lambda \z^{(1)}(\beta_1 ),\quad \z^{(1)}(1)=\delta \z^{(1)}(\beta_2), \end{split} \end{eqnarray*} where $ 0<\beta_1 \leq \beta_2 <1$ and $\lambda$, $\delta\in (0,1)$. The nonlinear term $ \x(\y,\z,\z^{(1)}): \Omega\rightarrow \mathbb{R} $, where $\Omega =[0,1]\times \mathbb{R}^2 $, is Lipschitz in $ \z^{(1)}(\y)$ and one sided Lipschitz in $ \z(\y)$. Using lower solution $l(\y)$ and upper solutions $u(\y)$, we develop MI-technique, which is based on quasilinearization. To construct the sequences of upper and lower solutions which are monotone, we prove maximum principle as well as anti maximum principle. Then under certain assumptions, we prove that these sequence converges uniformly to the solution $ \z(\y)$ in the specific region, where $ \frac{\partial\x}{\partial\z}<0 $ or $ \frac{\partial\x}{\partial\z}>0 $. To demonstrate that the proposed technique is effective, we compute the solution of the nonlinear multi-point BVPs. We don’t require sign restriction which is very common and very strict condition.


Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Chaohong Pan ◽  
Hongyong Wang

In this paper, speed selection of the time periodic traveling waves for a three species time-periodic Lotka-Volterra competition system is studied via the upper-lower solution method as well as the comparison principle. Through constructing specific types of upper and lower solutions to the system, the speed selection of the minimal wave speed can be determined under some sets of sufficient conditions composed of the parameters in the system.


2021 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Hossein Mosalanejad ◽  
Saeid Minaei ◽  
Alimohammad Borghei ◽  
Behfar Farzaneh

This study investigates the potential of using a sprayer robot for the greenhouse with bell-pepper plants and compares its performance with the backpack sprayer. The infrared sensors were used to navigate the robot and the ultrasonic sensors were used to distinguish the beginning of each row for automatic spraying. Results showed that the robot's guidance was done well by the infrared sensor. It was capable for spraying plants on both sides of the greenhouse simultaneously with ultrasonic sensor. The sprayer robot had better spray quality and lower solution consumption and spraying time and spray loss than the backpack sprayer.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Shahirah Abu Bakar ◽  
Norihan Md Arifin ◽  
Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie ◽  
Norfifah Bachok

The study of hybrid nanofluid and its thermophysical properties is emerging since the early of 2000s and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the flow of hybrid nanofluid over a permeable Darcy porous medium with slip, radiation and shrinking sheet. Here, the hybrid nanofluid consists of Cu/water as the base nanofluid and Al2O3–Cu/water works as the two distinct fluids. The governing ordinary differential equations (ODEs) obtained in this study are converted from a series of partial differential equations (PDEs) by the appropriate use of similarity transformation. Two methods of shooting and bvp4c function are applied to solve the involving physical parameters over the hybrid nanofluid flow. From this study, we conclude that the non-uniqueness of solutions exists through a range of the shrinking parameter, which produces the problem of finding a bigger solution than any other between the upper and lower branches. From the analysis, one can observe the increment of heat transfer rate in hybrid nanofluid versus the traditional nanofluid. The results obtained by the stability of solutions prove that the upper solution (first branch) is stable and the lower solution (second branch) is not stable.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhu Huang

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the existence and approximation of solutions for a fourth-order nonlinear boundary value problem by using a quasilinearization technique. In the presence of a lower solution α and an upper solution β in the reverse order $\alpha \geq \beta $ α ≥ β , we show the existence of (extreme) solution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Juan Cao ◽  
Wu Zhao ◽  
Xin Guo

Design fixation is related to the broad phenomenon of unconscious cognition bias that hinders the generation of creative solutions during the conceptual design process. While numerous research studies have gone into the study of design fixation, the experimental methods used were external to the cognitive process of designers; thus, there are some limitations. To address these limitations, the present study utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to explore the differences in neural activities between designers with different degrees of design fixation during creative idea generation. Fluency, flexibility, and the degree of copying were used to evaluate the design performance and fixation degrees of all participants; for the follow-up analyses on brain activity patterns, participants were then divided into the Higher Fixation Group and the Lower Fixation Group according to the evaluation of the degrees of copying. Next, participants in each group were contrasted separately against the task-related alpha power changes during creative idea generation. The comparison results revealed that participants with lower design fixation demonstrated stronger alpha synchronization in frontal, parietotemporal, and occipital regions during creative idea generation, while participants with higher design fixation showed stronger task-related alpha desynchronization in frontal, centroparietal, and parietotemporal regions. Such findings suggested that participants with higher fixation showed lower solution flexibility because of the inability to inhibit the solutions generated overrelying on intuition. These results could contribute to a deeper understanding of design fixation from the neuroscience perspective and provide essential theoretical supports for the subsequent defixation methods and tool development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3345-3359
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Zhang ◽  
◽  
Jia Mu

<abstract><p>We obtain a new maximum principle of the periodic solutions when the corresponding impulsive equation is linear. If the nonlinear is quasi-monotonicity, we study the existence of the minimal and maximal periodic mild solutions for impulsive partial differential equations by using the perturbation method, the monotone iterative technique and the method of upper and lower solution. We give an example in last part to illustrate the main theorem.</p></abstract>


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