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2021 ◽  
Vol 2117 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
F Vietanti ◽  
A F Rajan ◽  
A A Arifin ◽  
D H Feryanto ◽  
Suheni ◽  
...  

Abstract Welding is an assembly process that is most often used in the world of construction today. Welding is often used for repairing and maintenance of all tools made of metal, both as a process for filling cracks, temporary joining, or cutting metal parts. This study aims to determine the effect of welding current and position on the tensile strength and Vickers hardness (HV). This study uses ASTM A36 steel plate as base material. The variation of welding currents used are 90A, 110A, and 130A combine with variations in positions 1G, 2G, and 3G. The electrode used in this study is E6013 electrode with a diameter of 3.2 with a butt joint connection. All of processes are performed in room temperature with a strict condition. The results are as follow, the highest Ultimate Tensile Strength is obtained at 90A current and 3G position with a value of 471.93 MPa. For the highest hardness in the Vickers test, it is also obtained at 90A current and 3G position with a value of 242.20 Kgf/mm2.


Author(s):  
Nazia Urus ◽  
Amit Verma

In this article, we explore the monotone iterative technique (MI-technique) to study the existence of solutions for a class of nonlinear Neumann 4-point, boundary value problems (BVPs) defined as, \begin{eqnarray*} \begin{split} -\z^{(2)}(\y)=\x(\y,\z,\z^{(1)}),\quad 0<\y<1,\\ \z^{(1)}(0)=\lambda \z^{(1)}(\beta_1 ),\quad \z^{(1)}(1)=\delta \z^{(1)}(\beta_2), \end{split} \end{eqnarray*} where $ 0<\beta_1 \leq \beta_2 <1$ and $\lambda$, $\delta\in (0,1)$. The nonlinear term $ \x(\y,\z,\z^{(1)}): \Omega\rightarrow \mathbb{R} $, where $\Omega =[0,1]\times \mathbb{R}^2 $, is Lipschitz in $ \z^{(1)}(\y)$ and one sided Lipschitz in $ \z(\y)$. Using lower solution $l(\y)$ and upper solutions $u(\y)$, we develop MI-technique, which is based on quasilinearization. To construct the sequences of upper and lower solutions which are monotone, we prove maximum principle as well as anti maximum principle. Then under certain assumptions, we prove that these sequence converges uniformly to the solution $ \z(\y)$ in the specific region, where $ \frac{\partial\x}{\partial\z}<0 $ or $ \frac{\partial\x}{\partial\z}>0 $. To demonstrate that the proposed technique is effective, we compute the solution of the nonlinear multi-point BVPs. We don’t require sign restriction which is very common and very strict condition.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Yijia Peng ◽  
Wanghui Bu ◽  
Jing Chen

Abstract Gravity compensation mechanisms are widely used in manipulators and exoskeletons as passive components which generate counter-gravity force and save energy. While there have been making great progresses in the design of the planar gravity compensator and its spatial counterpart, a strict condition that the axes of the gravity compensators are aligned with the axes of the links being balanced (LBBs) exactly is usually assumed implicitly. In this paper, the design method of the wearable spatial gravity compensator compatible to the misalignment and drift of the rotation center of the LBB is carefully studied. First, the design of the planar gravity compensation unit (PGCU) is presented, and then it is adapted into the spatial gravity compensation unit (SGCU) by the motion features of the fixed-point rotation. Then, the type synthesis of the SGCU is conducted followed by the analyses of the acting patterns of synthesized SGCUs on the LBBs and gravity compensation performances when the misalignments and drifts of rotation centers of the LBBs occur. Finally, the SGCUs can be combined with timing belt mechanisms (TBMs) to construct gravity compensation mechanisms for spatial serial linkages. Simulations of the exoskeleton constructed by SGCUs are conducted to verify the performance of gravity balance and the effectiveness of the proposed design method.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Pham Van Hong ◽  
Nguyen Thao Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy ◽  
Nguyen Thu Thuy ◽  
Le Thi Thanh Huong

Sustainability of Vietnam agriculture value chain will be dependent on various factors such as skills and experience of farmers, advanced technology, agricultural engineering, standards and models such as VIETGAP or GLOBAL GAP, etc. The role is still important, but Vietnam's agricultural production still has many Weakness points compared to other countries in the region when comparing resource use efficiency (land, water and labor). As a result, the efficiency of agricultural production tends to decrease recently. Specifically, the growth in average agricultural labor productivity annual rate of Vietnam also decreased correspondingly from 2.7% in the period 1990-1999 to 2.5% in the period 2000-2013 (World Bank, 2016). In Vietnam, we will evaluate the effectiveness of VIETGAP and GLOBAL GAP models, principles and standards applying in Vietnam agriculture value chain in a specific case study. The research results show a strict condition for applying VIETGAP and GLOBAL GAP for better quality in agriculture, including: Conditions for soil, irrigation water, fertilizers, pest control, etc. Last but not least, we also use an econometric model to measure impacts of multi macro factors on lychee price in Vietnam market over past years 2014-2019. Regression results show that we need to control inflation at low level, stable GDP growth and trade balance and exchange rate to stabilize lychee price. The research findings are of value to policy makers, farmers and investors in making decisions to invest for sustainability of Vietnam agriculture value chain. We will also make suggestions for commercial bank system in agriculture sector development.


2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelong Li ◽  
Marko Jusup ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Huijia Li ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
...  

Network reciprocity has been widely advertised in theoretical studies as one of the basic cooperation-promoting mechanisms, but experimental evidence favoring this type of reciprocity was published only recently. When organized in an unchanging network of social contacts, human subjects cooperate provided the following strict condition is satisfied: The benefit of cooperation must outweigh the total cost of cooperating with all neighbors. In an attempt to relax this condition, we perform social dilemma experiments wherein network reciprocity is aided with another theoretically hypothesized cooperation-promoting mechanism—costly punishment. The results reveal how networks promote and stabilize cooperation. This stabilizing effect is stronger in a smaller-size neighborhood, as expected from theory and experiments. Contrary to expectations, punishment diminishes the benefits of network reciprocity by lowering assortment, payoff per round, and award for cooperative behavior. This diminishing effect is stronger in a larger-size neighborhood. An immediate implication is that the psychological effects of enduring punishment override the rational response anticipated in quantitative models of cooperation in networks.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Yllka Rupa

Abstract The reform in the institutions of law consists of a complexity of issues that aim at the establishment and functioning of a transparent, independent, professional and efficient system that ensures justice. Implemented in accordance with the strict condition of the European Union imposed on Albania, within the integration framework, the reform targets the reorganization and full reconstruction of the key instruments of the justice system. In this paper, there will be specific analysis of the issues related with the establishment and functioning of the main institutions of the administration and monitoring of the judicial power, constitutional and legal changes because of implementation the reform, as well as the role of the international structures, seen in the function of monitoring the implementation of the reform.


2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryouta Kozakai ◽  
Akinobu Shimizu ◽  
Morihiro Notohara

Abstract The coalescent was introduced by Kingman (1982a), (1982b) and Tajima (1983) as a continuous-time Markov chain model describing the genealogical relationship among sampled genes from a panmictic population of a species. The random mating in a population is a strict condition and the genealogical structure of the population has a strong influence on the genetic variability and the evolution of the species. In this paper, starting from a discrete-time Markov chain model, we show the weak convergence to a continuous-time Markov chain, called the structured coalescent model, describing the genealogy of the sampled genes from whole population by means of passing the limit of the population size. Herbots (1997) proved the weak convergence to the structured coalescent on the condition of conservative migration and Wright–Fisher-type reproduction. We will give the proof on the condition of general migration rates and exchangeable reproduction.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jian Lin

<strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the clinical effect of laparoscopic and open surgery on acute cholecystitis. Method: clinical data of 200 cases of acute cholecystitis patients in our hospital from July 2006 to July 2010 were divided into laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) group and open cholecystectomy(OC) group. Comparison was made from various aspects to show the feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy of acute cholecystitis. <strong>Results:</strong> the operation time, off-bed activity time, postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time and hospital stay time of LC group were all lower than OC group (<em>t </em>= 2.785, <em>t</em> = 2.825, <em>t</em> = 2.831, <em>t</em> = 2.904, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05); OC group’s postoperative complications was 23.0%, higher than that (9.0%) of LC group(χ<sup>2 </sup>= 3.764, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Under the chosen strict condition of surgical indications and delicate surgery operation, the application of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis is safe and feasible.


2013 ◽  
Vol 205-206 ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Hur ◽  
Myoung Jae Lee ◽  
Seong Ho Cho ◽  
Young Soo Park

We present a model for charged dislocations effects on III-V compound semiconductor based FinFETs performance. The model is developed to obtain momentum relaxation time and, from it, key device performance parameters such as effective mobility, threshold voltage, and finally saturation drain current. We find out that charged threading edge dislocation density of a FinFET channel should be smaller than about 107cm-2to ignore the dislocation scattering impact on the device performance which is roughly one order more strict condition than previously known condition for wurtzite GaN.


2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
pp. 4939-4948 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dika ◽  
J. F. L. Duval ◽  
H. M. Ly-Chatain ◽  
C. Merlin ◽  
C. Gantzer

ABSTRACTWe compare for the first time the electrokinetic and aggregation properties of MS2 phage (pH 2.5 to 7, 1 to 100 mM NaNO3electrolyte concentration) with those of the corresponding virus-like particles (VLPs), which lack entirely the inner viral RNA component. In line with our previous work (J. Langlet, F. Gaboriaud, C. Gantzer, and J. F. L. Duval, Biophys. J. 94:3293-3312, 2008), it is found that modifying the content of RNA within the virus leads to very distinct electrohydrodynamic and aggregation profiles for MS2 and MS2 VLPs. Under the given pH and concentration conditions, MS2 VLPs exhibit electrophoretic mobility larger in magnitude than that of MS2, and both have similar isoelectric point (IEP) values (∼4). The electrokinetic results reflect a greater permeability of MS2 VLPs to electroosmotic flow, developed within/around these soft particles during their migration under the action of the applied electrical field. Results also support the presence of some remaining negatively charged component within the VLPs. In addition, MS2 phage systematically forms aggregates at pH values below the IEP, regardless of the magnitude of the solution ionic strength, whereas MS2 VLPs aggregate under the strict condition where the pH is relatively equal to the IEP at sufficiently low salt concentrations (<10 mM). It is argued that the stability of VLPs against aggregation and the differences between electrokinetics of MS2 and corresponding VLPs conform to recently developed formalisms for the stability and electrohydrodynamics of soft multilayered particles. The differences between the surface properties of these two kinds of particles reported here suggest that VLPs may not be appropriate for predicting the behavior of pathogenic viruses in aqueous media.


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