ONOMASTIC METAPHOR IN THE ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION

The authors of the article discuss the problem of translating an onomastic metaphor in humorous discourse, relying on the results of research in the field of proper name theory, cognitive metaphor theory, comic theory, discourse theory, and the theory of harmonious translation space, which are the research methodology. The purpose of the work is to show that the metaphorical onym, as a complex dynamic transformation of a proper name-anthroponym, has a high cultural potential, and in humorous discourse acquires a pragmatic humorous effect, reflecting the author's intention. The material of the work was the literary texts of A.P. Chekhov in Russian and their translations into Chinese, as well as literary texts in English by P.G. Woodhouse and their translations into Russian and Chinese. The choice of these authors is due to their belonging to the same historical era - the beginning of the twentieth century. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the semantics of Chinese anthroponyms differs significantly from the semantics of English and Russian-language proper names-anthroponyms, which should be known and taken into account by the translator in the process of translating metaphorical meanings into Chinese in order to ensure mutual understanding of representatives of different linguistic cultures. Translations into Chinese are ongoing. Linguistic and translation analysis consists in identifying the level of harmony of translations of an onomastic metaphor, correlated with the nature of the reconstruction of metaphorical meanings and the humorous effect of the original. Such a translation is recognized as harmonious, in which there is a remetaphorization of the onomastic metaphor, accompanied by synergy - an increment of new meanings acceptable to the host culture.

ECOCONCEPS IN J. MARTIN’S “A SONG OF ICE AND FIRE" IN THE ASPECT OF THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

The formation of the present-day translation discourse is stipulated by the influence of interdisciplinary research, including the development of environmental discipline in the humanities, in the connection with which the emergence of the ecology of translation is natural and relevant. The work contains the results of the analysis of the dynamics vectors of ecosences embodied by a number ecoconcepts by means of their implementation in the series of novels by J. Martin "A Song of Ice and Fire " in its translation into Ukrainian. The study is based on the laws of the present-day linguistic ecology and the theory of harmonization of the translation space. In accordance with the positive dynamics vector of translation the harmonization of the translation space is achieved by preserving the identifies ecosences. In accordance with negative dynamics vector of translation the harmonization of the translation space is not achieved: ecosences are lost.

SOCIOCULTURAL CREDO OF MODERN TRANSLATOR IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT

The article is based on the idea that, in a digital communicative environment, there are changes in the structure of the human-translator activity and functions, some of which are transferred to the machine translation. The aim of the research is to find ways of translation and meta-translation activities integration in the cognitive translation space and speech space of the translation discourse. This requires the coordination of the translation discourse with existing digital platforms, development of new language technologies oriented towards a high-quality product that ensures successful interlingual, intercultural, and interpersonal interaction. The methodological basis of the research is the concept of translation space which is based on a synergetic approach to translation involving harmonization of the source and target meanings, i.e., their adequacy and equivalence. The theoretical basis of the study is the notion of an epistemic situation as an extralinguistic basis of a text with ontological, methodological, and axiological components. The ontology of translation is represented by the idea of cognitivism, methodology — by synergy, axiology — by harmony. The result of the study is the correlation between the subject-centric and text-centric functions of a human-translator developing their reflexive, empathic, and other cognitive abilities which cannot be delegated to machine translation. There is transposition process of translator linguistic persona functions when the translator retains all subject-centric functions, whereas part of text-centric functions are performed by translation software. At this time, the social and cultural responsibility of the translator increases, since translation is assigned by a human and performed for a human.

ONOMASTIC SPACE OF TRANSLATION DISCOURSE: HARMONY vs. DISHARMONY

The authors of the article have studied the onomastic translation discourse considering, on the one hand, the common methodological concept - translation space, and, on the other hand, traditions of analysis existing in the Russian and Bulgarian schools of thought. Such approach creates new scientific view on the problem and leads to the new results. The work of modern French writer O. Bourdeaut “En attendant Bojangles” and its translation to the Russian and Bulgarian languages and entitled as “В ожидании Божанглза” and “В очакване на Боджангълс” correspondingly became the basic concept of the empirical analysis. The novel of O. Bourdeaut is distinguished by the richness of onomastic material which finds its reflection in translation discourse and is traced in the article by the material of three languages: French, Bulgarian and Russian. Taking into consideration the basic provisions of the theory of nomination by A.V. Superanskaya, V.V. Katermina, the theory of text/discourse by V.E. Chernyavskaya, the synergetic concepts of the language by N.L. Myshkina, G.G. Moskalchuk, N.V. Drozhaschikh and others, the interpretative theory of translation by D. Seleskovich and M. Lederer, the authors develop the ideas of the synergy of translation with reference to onomastic space of translation discourse which defines the aim of the present research. Versatile linguistic-and-translation analysis of French-Russian and French-Bulgarian anthroponyms has been carried out and harmonic/disharmonic conformity between them has been revealed. This conformity is opening the translation discourse possibility to become the inherent part of receiving culture. Obtaining harmonicity in the process of translating components of text/discourse onomastic space from one linguistic culture to another is conditioned by the augment of culturally meaningful senses in translation space, i.e. by their synergy. As appears from the research hypothesis which has found its confirmation in the process of analysis, harmonic translation, i.e. translation where senses are adequate to the senses of the original text, in different languages have different personification: the augment of culturally meaningful senses is varied depending on the abstract or routine national-cultural values of ethnos. The authors of this work have made a conclusion that every harmonic translation is as unique as the original text. In those cases when the components of onomastic space of translation discourse have translation mistakes and discrepancies the fragments including them are recognized to be disharmonic and unacceptable for receiving linguistic culture.

Mathematical aspects of molecular replacement. V. Isolating feasible regions in motion spaces

This paper mathematically characterizes the tiny feasible regions within the vast 6D rotation–translation space in a full molecular replacement (MR) search. The capability to a priori isolate such regions is potentially important for enhancing robustness and efficiency in computational phasing in macromolecular crystallography (MX). The previous four papers in this series have concentrated on the properties of the full configuration space of rigid bodies that move relative to each other with crystallographic symmetry constraints. In particular, it was shown that the configuration space of interest in this problem is the right-coset space Γ\G, where Γ is the space group of the chiral macromolecular crystal and G is the group of rigid-body motions, and that fundamental domains F Γ\G can be realized in many ways that have interesting algebraic and geometric properties. The cost function in MR methods can be viewed as a function on these fundamental domains. This, the fifth and final paper in this series, articulates the constraints that bodies packed with crystallographic symmetry must obey. It is shown that these constraints define a thin feasible set inside a motion space and that they fall into two categories: (i) the bodies must not interpenetrate, thereby excluding so-called `collision zones' from consideration in MR searches; (ii) the bodies must be in contact with a sufficient number of neighbors so as to form a rigid network leading to a physically realizable crystal. In this paper, these constraints are applied using ellipsoidal proxies for proteins to bound the feasible regions. It is shown that the volume of these feasible regions is small relative to the total volume of the motion space, which justifies the use of ellipsoids as proxies for complex proteins in MR searches, and this is demonstrated with P1 (the simplest space group) and with P212121 (the most common space group in MX).

DISCOURSE AND TRANSLATION IN CULTURAL DIMENSION: THE DISCURSIVE FEATURES OF THE TRANSLATION DISHARMONY

The author considers the translational discourse problems, focusing on the discourse and translation cultural dimension. This study was performed within the author’s concept of translation space, which relates to culturally-oriented concepts of translation. The key concepts include harmony and disharmony. If harmony, which acts as the axiological dominant of translation, has already been studied quite extensively, disharmony is usually studied only in opposition to the harmony. This article aims to analyze the disharmony, which can be regarded as an axiological anti-dominant translation. This study employs the material of art and popular science discourses. The methodological basis of the study is a synergistic approach: in the case of a synergy of meanings, a qualitative-harmonious translation is achieved, as a result of which the text/discourse of translation becomes a fact of the host culture and enriches it. The absence of a synergistic effect due to the increment of culturally marked meanings in the recipient field indicates a manifestation of disharmony. The results establish the main discursive features of the translation disharmony, which are represented by the following types: errors, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies. In general, two types of translation disharmony are distinguished: the disharmony at the level of understanding and the disharmony at the level of expression, which are of a gradual nature. In the first case, translation errors and translation inconsistencies associated with a complete or partial distortion of the meanings of the original text are analyzed. In the second case, translation errors and translation inaccuracies are associated with an unclear expression of meanings in the text of the translation.

DYNAMICS OF SUBJECT-OBJECT INTERACTIONS IN THE TRANSLATION SPACE

The article is based on two models of texts’ semantic analysis: the synergetic model of translation named as “translation space” conception and the extralinguistic model of scientific text defined as epistemic situation. The short of the approach is that translator studies both objective, - textocentric, -and subjective, - subject oriented, - meanings of the text; their formation can be traced in the fields of the translation space. At that, subject-object interactions characterize also an epistemic situation that is formed by ontological, methodological and axiological features of source and target texts included in the orbit of the translation space. The result of dynamical interaction of all textual meanings and their synergy is a harmonious text of translation determining reciprocal understanding of the author and the recipient that belong to different lingo cultures.