Image Encryption Based on Arnod Transform and Fractional Chaotic

In view of the problem of cracking easily and partial distortion of images after encryption or decryption, a novel image encryption and decryption algorithm based on Arnod Transform and fractional chaotic is proposed. To begin with, the Arnold transform is used to encrypt. So that the spatial confidence of the original image has been comprehensively disturbed. Secondly, the XOR involving the fractional order chaotic sequence is used to encrypt. The key sequence is dynamically generated to ensure the randomness and difference of key generation. When decryption is required, the first decryption is performed using the key and XOR. Then the second decryption is carried out by using the inverse Arnold transform, and finally the decrypted image is obtained. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm has achieved better performance in encryption and decryption.

Innovative Potential of the Agrarian Sector of Ukraine: Forming and Efficiency of Realization

The innovative development of the primary sector requires accumulation of human capital and technological knowledge. The dynamics of changes and transformations of the innovative potential of the agrarian sector of Ukraine have been analyzed and their status has been estimated. It has been established that Ukraine lacks the strategic vision of the innovative development within agrarian sector of economy, which results in a partial distortion of the essence of scientific, scientific-technical, innovative, and entrepreneurial activities. It has been defined that effective forming and implementation of the innovative potential necessitate the development of mechanisms that would provide regulatory-legal and institutional support to the effective transfer of innovations, proper funding of science and education, material stimulation in the work of scientific and pedagogical staff, renewal of material and technical base necessary for the introduction of scientific-based innovative activity.

Tracheal motile cilia in mice require CAMSAP3 for formation of central microtubule pair and coordinated beating

Motile cilia of multiciliated epithelial cells undergo synchronized beating to produce fluid flow along the luminal surface of various organs. Each motile cilium consists of an axoneme and a basal body, which are linked by a ‘transition zone’. The axoneme exhibits a characteristic 9+2 microtubule arrangement important for ciliary motion, but how this microtubule system is generated is not yet fully understood. Here we show that CAMSAP3, a protein that can stabilize the minus end of a microtubule, concentrates at multiple sites of the cilium–basal body complex, including the upper region of the transition zone or the axonemal basal plate where the central pair of microtubules (CP) initiates. CAMSAP3 dysfunction resulted in loss of the CP and partial distortion of the basal plate, as well as the failure of multicilia to undergo synchronized beating. These findings suggest that CAMSAP3 plays pivotal roles in the formation or stabilization of the CP by localizing at the basal region of the axoneme, and thereby supports the coordinated motion of multicilia in airway epithelial cells. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text]

Tracheal motile cilia require CAMSAP3 for formation of central microtubule pair and coordinated beating

Motile cilia of multiciliated epithelial cells undergo synchronized beating to produce fluid flow along the luminal surface of various organs. Each motile cilium consists of an axoneme and a basal body, which are linked by a ‘transition zone’. The axoneme exhibits a characteristic 9+2 microtubule arrangement important for ciliary motion, but how this microtubule system is generated is not yet fully understood. Here, using superresolution microscopy, we show that CAMSAP3, a protein that can stabilize the minus end of a microtubule, concentrates at multiple sites of the cilium-basal body complex, including the upper region of the transition zone or the axonemal basal plate where the central pair of microtubules (CP) terminates. CAMSAP3 dysfunction resulted in loss of the CP and partial distortion of the basal plate, as well as the failure of multicilia to undergo synchronized beating. These findings indicate that CAMSAP3 plays pivotal roles in the formation or stabilization of the CP, and thereby supports the coordinated motion of multicilia in airway epithelial cells.

An Efficient Codebook Search Algorithm for Line Spectrum Frequency (LSF) Vector Quantization in Speech Codec

A high-performance vector quantization (VQ) codebook search algorithm is proposed in this paper. VQ is an important data compression technique that has been widely applied to speech, image, and video compression. However, the process of the codebook search demands a high computational load. To solve this issue, a novel algorithm that consists of training and encoding procedures is proposed. In the training procedure, a training speech dataset was used to build the squared-error distortion look-up table for each subspace. In the encoding procedure, firstly, an input vector was quickly assigned to a search subspace. Secondly, the candidate code word group was obtained by employing the triangular inequality elimination (TIE) equation. Finally, a partial distortion elimination technique was employed to reduce the number of multiplications. The proposed method reduced the number of searches and computation load significantly, especially when the input vectors were uncorrelated. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides a computational saving (CS) of up to 85% in the full search algorithm, up to 76% in the TIE algorithm, and up to 63% in the iterative TIE algorithm. Further, the proposed method provides CS and load reduction of up to 29–33% and 67–69%, respectively, over the BSS-ITIE algorithm.

DISCOURSE AND TRANSLATION IN CULTURAL DIMENSION: THE DISCURSIVE FEATURES OF THE TRANSLATION DISHARMONY

The author considers the translational discourse problems, focusing on the discourse and translation cultural dimension. This study was performed within the author’s concept of translation space, which relates to culturally-oriented concepts of translation. The key concepts include harmony and disharmony. If harmony, which acts as the axiological dominant of translation, has already been studied quite extensively, disharmony is usually studied only in opposition to the harmony. This article aims to analyze the disharmony, which can be regarded as an axiological anti-dominant translation. This study employs the material of art and popular science discourses. The methodological basis of the study is a synergistic approach: in the case of a synergy of meanings, a qualitative-harmonious translation is achieved, as a result of which the text/discourse of translation becomes a fact of the host culture and enriches it. The absence of a synergistic effect due to the increment of culturally marked meanings in the recipient field indicates a manifestation of disharmony. The results establish the main discursive features of the translation disharmony, which are represented by the following types: errors, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies. In general, two types of translation disharmony are distinguished: the disharmony at the level of understanding and the disharmony at the level of expression, which are of a gradual nature. In the first case, translation errors and translation inconsistencies associated with a complete or partial distortion of the meanings of the original text are analyzed. In the second case, translation errors and translation inaccuracies are associated with an unclear expression of meanings in the text of the translation.

DIFFERENTIATION OF POLYNOMIALS IN SEVERAL VARIABLES OVER GALOIS FIELDS OF FUZZY CARDINALITY AND APPLICATIONS TO REED-MULLER CODES

Introduction. Polynomials in several variables over Galois fields provide the basis for the Reed-Muller coding theory, and are also used in a number of cryptographic problems. The properties of such polynomials specified over the derived Galois fields of fuzzy cardinality are studied. For the results obtained, two real-world applications are proposed: partitioning scheme and Reed-Muller code decoder.Materials and Methods. Using linear algebra, theory of Galois fields, and general theory of polynomials in several variables, we have obtained results related to the differentiation and integration of polynomials in several variables over Galois fields of fuzzy cardinality. An analog of the differentiation operator is constructed and studied for vectors.Research Results. On the basis of the obtained results on the differentiation and integration of polynomials, a new decoder for Reed-Muller codes of the second order is given, and a scheme for organizing the partitioned transfer of confidential data is proposed. This is a communication system in which the source data on the sender is divided into several parts and, independently of one another, transmitted through different communication channels, and then, on the receiver, the initial data is restored of the parts retrieved. The proposed scheme feature is that it enables to protect data, both from the nonlegitimate access, and from unintentional errors; herewith, one and the same mathematical apparatus is used in both cases. The developed decoder for the second-order Reed-Muller codes prescribed over the derived odd Galois field may have a constraint to the recoverable error level; however, its use is advisable for a number of the communication channels.Discussion and Conclusions. The proposed practical applications of the results obtained are useful for the organization of reliable communication systems. In future, it is planned to study the restoration process of the original polynomial by its derivatives, in case of their partial distortion, and the development of appropriate applications.