Potensi Jamur Kuping Hitam (auricularia polytricha) Sebagai Terapi Alternatif Diabetes Melitus

Dewasa ini penderita penyakit gangguan metabolik terus mengalami peningkatan jumlah penderita. Salah satu dari penyakit gangguan metabolik yaitu Diabetes melitus atau masyarakat awam mengenalnya dengan penyakit kencing manis. Prevalensi diabetes melitus di Indonesia diperkirakan akan mencapai 21,3 juta orang pada tahun 2030. Diabetes melitus ditandai oleh meningkatnya kadar glukosa dalam darah yang disebabkan karena kelainan sekresi insulin, penurunan kerja insulin ataupun keduanya. Diabetes melitus berkaitan erat dengan komplikasi berupa makroangiopati ataupun mikroangiopati. Banyak negara mengembangkan senyawa herbal yang memiliki khasiat menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah seperti jamur kuping hitam (Auriculria polytricha). Jamur kuping hitam mengandung flavonoid dan polisakarida berupa serat (43,2%) yang berperan penting dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Mekanisme kerja flavonoid dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah yaitu menurunkan penyerapan glukosa dengan menghambat GLUT 2 mukosa, meningkatkan pemakaian glukosa di jaringan perifer dan menurunkan stress oksidatif. Sedangkan polisakarida dapat mengendalikan penyerapan glukosa pada pencernaan sehingga mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Nowadays patients with metabolic disorders are continously increase recently. One of those metabolic disorder is Diabetes mellitus or people know as “kencing manis” disease. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is estimated to be as many as 21,3 million people in 2030. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the increase of glucose levels in the blood caused by the abnormalities of insulin secretion, the decrease of insulin function or both. Diabetes mellitus is closely related to complications such as macroangiopathy and microangiopathy. There are many countries elaborate herbal coumpounds that have efficacy for decreasing blood glucose levels such as wood ear mushroom (Auricularia polytricha). Wood ear mushroom contains is flavonoid and polyssacharides in form of fiber (43,2%) which havean important role in decreasing blood glucose levels. The mechanisms how flavonoids decrease blood glucose levels is by decrease glucose absorption by inhibit the intestinal mucosa GLUT 2, decrease stimulation of peripheral glucose utilisation and decrease oxidative stress. Polysaccharides help to control the glucose absorptionin the gastrointestinal to maintain the blood glucose levels.

Effects of dietary chromium-yeast in weaning-stressed piglets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Cr supplementation (as Cr-yeast) on growth performance, some blood parameters and neutrophils superoxide anion production, in weaning-stressed piglets. Thirteen crossbred (Landrace × Large White) litters were assigned to Cr-supplemented prestarter diet for 21 d (from 10 d after birth to 7 d post-weaning). Thirteen other litters, forming the control group, were not given supplemental Cr. Blood samples were taken on day 3 post-weaning and 1 h after litters were moved to the post-weaning facilities (day 7 post-weaning). To enhance stress response, ACTH (5 µ g kg−1 BW) was given to some animals immediately before moving. Cromium supplementation did not improve piglet weight or superoxide production by neutrophils. The plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was higher (P < 0.05) and glucose concentration was lower (P < 0.05) at 7 d post-weaning compared with 3 d in both treated and control piglets. In ACTH-challenged piglets, a further lowering of blood glucose was associated with Cr supplementation (P < 0.05), but cortisol and insulin levels were not affected by dietary treatment. These data suggest that Cr supplementation does not reduce weaning stress in piglets. However, in high-stress conditions (as simulated by ACTH challenge) Cr supplementation may improve peripheral glucose utilisation. Key words: Chromium supplement, piglet, blood parameters, weaning stress