Determining the Maximum States of the Ensemble Distribution of Boolean Networks

Inference of the gene regulation mechanism from gene expression patterns has become increasingly popular, in recent years, with the advent of microarray technology. Obtaining the states of genes and their regulatory relationships would greatly enable the scientists to investigate and understand the mechanisms of the diseases. However, it is still a big challenge to determine relationships from several thousands of genes. Here, we simplify the above complex gene state determination problem as an inference of the distribution of the ensemble Boolean networks (BNs). In order to investigate and calculate the distribution of the BNs’ states, we first compute the probabilities of the different BNs’ states and obtain the number of states Ω. Then, we find the maximum possible distribution of the number of the BNs’ states and calculate the fluctuation of the distribution. Finally, two representative experiments are conducted, and the efficiency of the obtained results is verified. The proposed algorithm is conceptually concise and easily applicable to many other realistic models; furthermore, it is highly extensible for various situations.

LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE STATE AS A SYSTEM

Цель: характеристика системы правообразующей деятельности государства, определение элементного состава правообразующей деятельности государства. Методы: деятельностный и системный подходы в целях проведения функциональной характеристики правообразующей деятельности государства и выделения ее системы. Результаты: определена система правообразующей деятельности государства, выявлены основные тенденции современного правообразующего процесса, показана необходимость изменения инструментария правообразующего процесса. Выводы: интенсификация развития общественных отношений обусловливает появление новых юридических инструментов, в качестве которых следует рассматривать правовой прецедент и юридическую доктрину; сложилась потребность в изменении системы источников российского права, а также качественное и количественное расширение системы права. Purpose: characterization of the system of the legal-forming activity of the state, determination of the elemental composition of the legal-forming activity of the state. Methods: activity-based and systematic approaches in order to carry out the functional characteristics of the law-forming activity of the state and highlight its system. Results: the system of the law-forming activity of the state was determined, the main tendencies of the modern law-forming process were revealed, the need to change the tools of the law-forming process was shown. Conclusions: the intensification of the development of social relations leads to the emergence of new legal instruments, which should be considered a legal precedent and legal doctrine; there was a need to change the system of sources of Russian law, as well as a qualitative and quantitative expansion of the system of law.

POSITION OF THE PALEOGENE STAGES BOUNDARIES IN THE SEDIMENTARY SECTION OF PLATFORM UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE, DETERMINATION CRITERIA

Data on the Global Stratotypes Sections and Points of the Paleogene Stages of the modern International Stratigraphic Scale, as well as the criteria for determining the boundaries of the Paleogene Stages in North-Western Europe are presented. The characteristics of the position of the stage boundaries in the sedimentary section of the platform Ukraine are given. In the Paleogene section of Southern Ukraine, the lower boundaries of the Ypresian and Priabonian were recognized by global correlation markers. According to the modern International Stratigraphic Scale, the position of the Lutetian / Bartonian and Rupelian / Chattian boundaries in the sedimentary sections of Southern and Northern Ukraine has been clarified in comparison with previous views. The position of most stage boundaries in the biostratigraphic (zonal) scheme of the Paleogene of Ukraine is more accurately determined. The criteria for identification for some of them in the section of the south and north of Ukraine are proposed. Most of the stage boundaries are represented by hiatus in the sedimentary cover of the platform Ukraine. Part of the boundaries of the Paleogene stages coincides with the boundaries of the regional stratigraphic units of Southern and Northern Ukraine, namely: – the Cretaceous / Paleogene boundary is at the base of the Belokamenskia and Pselian regional stages; – the Paleocene/Eocene boundary coincides with the boundary of the Merlian/Kanevian regional stages; – the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary coincides with the Kanevian/Buchakian regional stages; – the lower boundary of Priabonian is at the base of the Almian and Obukhovian regional stages; – the Eocene/Oligocene boundary passes on the limit of Almian/Planorbellian and Obukhovian/Mezhygorian regional stages; – the Rupelian/Chattian boundary is at the limit of the lower and upper regional substages of Kerleutian regional stage and at the limit of the lower and upper regional substages of the Berekian regional stage. The following stage boundaries are not coinciding with regional stage boundaries: – the Danian/Selandian boundary is within upper part of the Belokamenskian and Pselian regional stages; – the Selandian/Thanetian boundary is trassing in the lower part of the Kachian and Merlian regional stages; – the lower boundary of Ypresian is in the uppermost part of the Kachian regional stage; – the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary is within the Simferopolian regional stage; – the Lutetian/Bartonian boundary is in the lowest part of the Kumian regional stage and within the Kievian regional stage. Key words: International Stratigraphic Chart, Paleogene, stage, boundary, regional stage, Ukraine

Incremental dynamic analysis of underground subway station structure

Incremental dynamic analysis constitutes the basis of seismic performance evaluation and seismic vulnerability assessment. In this paper, a typical two-story three-span subway station structure is selected as an example structure and its incremental dynamic analysis procedure are presented, including selection of ground motion, intensity measure and limit state determination. The incremental dynamic analysis procedure provided in this study can be a basis for further study on seismic design for underground structural systems.