Determinant of Smoking Behavior among Elementary Student in Indonesia: A Structure Equation Model

BACKGROUND: Initial smoking exposure may occur during early adolescence (aged 10–12 years old), and it increases overtime. Although several factors for smoking behaviors exist among adolescents, there are few studies address determinant of smoking behavior by adding others variables in theory of plan behavior such as smoking refusal skills, self-regulation, parenting, family function, environment, and culture. AIM: The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the determinant of smoking behavior among elementary student in Indonesia using a structural equation model. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out from June to October 2019 in West Java, Indonesia. For each school, students were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The study included girls and boys ages 10–12. The consent was obtained by the parent or guardian. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 10.56 years (SD = 0.37). About 28.6% of them were currently smoking with aged of first use was 10.02 (SD = 0.19). More than half (56%) of their family were currently smoking too and friend smoking was 41.7%. The final model accounted for 27% and 39% of the variance of intention and smoking behavior, respectively, has both direct and indirect effects through empowerment on self-care behaviors toward pregnancy-related complication. CONCLUSION: The present study was intended to expand the theory of planned behavior by including additional variables in its model: Smoking refusal skills, self-regulation, parenting, family function, environment, and culture. This study also provides a significant contribute for clinical a practice and policy-maker as a basic data to establish future intervention to promote no tobacco use among elementary student to achieve optimal well-being to prevent a fatal disease.

Determinant of Smoking Behavior among Elementary Student in Indonesia: A Structure Equation Model

BACKGROUND:Initial smoking exposure may occur during early adolescence (aged 10 to 12 years old), and it increases over time. Although several factors for smoking behaviors exist among adolescents, there is few studies address determinant of smoking behavior by adding others variables in theory of plan behavior such as smoking refusal skills, self-regulation, parenting, family function, environment, and culture. AIM:The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the determinant of smoking behavior among elementary student in Indonesia using a structural equation model. METHOD:A cross-sectional survey was carried out from June to October 2019 in West Java, Indonesia. For each school, students were selected using a systematic random sampling. technique. The study included girls and boys ages 10-12. The consent was obtained by the parent or guardian. Structural equation modelling was used for analysis. RESULTS:The mean age was 10.56 years (SD= 0.37). About 28.6% of them were currently smoking with aged of first use was 10.02 (SD=0.19). more than half (56%) of their family were currently smoking too and friend smoking was 41.7%. The final model accounted for 27% and 39% of the variance of intention and smoking behaviour, respectivelyhas both direct and indirect effect through empowerment on self-care behaviors toward pregnancy-related complication. CONCLUSION:The present study was intended to expand the theory of planned behavior by including additional variables in its model: smoking refusal skills, self-regulation, parenting, family function, environment, and culture. This study also provides a significant contribute for clinical a practice and policy maker as a basic data to establish future intervention to promote no tobacco use among elementary student to achieve optimal well-being to prevent a fatal disease.

Contemporary Trend of Drug Abuse Among In-School Adolescents in Kwara State, Nigeria

Presently, drug abuse has become a societal problem with its prevalence being found among adolescents in Nigeria. This study focuses on the contemporary trend of drug abuse among in-school adolescents in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study employed the use of a descriptive survey design. One hundred respondents were chosen for the study through the use of a simple random sampling technique from the three Senatorial districts of Kwara State. In total, three hundred adolescents participated in the study. The respondents were stratified on the basis of age and gender. In order to ascertain the validity of the instrument of this study, copies of the questionnaire were given to experts and lecturers in related fields for vetting. A reliability index of 0.75 was obtained using a test-retest method. The instrument used for this study was tagged “Trends of Drug Abuse Questionnaire” (TDAQ). The outcome of this research revealed that a significant difference existed in in-school adolescent’s perception on the contemporary trend of drug abuse based on age. However, on the basis of gender, the respondent’s perceptions were similar. Given these results, it is recommended that drug refusal skills as well as drug education be incorporated into students’ orientation programs.

Contemporary Trend of Drug Abuse Among In-School Adolescents in Kwara State, Nigeria

Presently, drug abuse has become a societal problem with its prevalence being found among adolescents in Nigeria. This study focuses on the contemporary trend of drug abuse among in-school adolescents in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study employed the use of a descriptive survey design. One hundred respondents were chosen for the study through the use of a simple random sampling technique from the three Senatorial districts of Kwara State. In total, three hundred adolescents participated in the study. The respondents were stratified on the basis of age and gender. In order to ascertain the validity of the instrument of this study, copies of the questionnaire were given to experts and lecturers in related fields for vetting. A reliability index of 0.75 was obtained using a test-retest method. The instrument used for this study was tagged “Trends of Drug Abuse Questionnaire” (TDAQ). The outcome of this research revealed that a significant difference existed in in-school adolescent’s perception on the contemporary trend of drug abuse based on age. However, on the basis of gender, the respondent’s perceptions were similar. Given these results, it is recommended that drug refusal skills as well as drug education be incorporated into students’ orientation programs.

Healthy Boundaries

This chapter present ways parents can communicate about risk-taking behaviors. Underage drinking and the increased use of marijuana and e-cigarettes are identified as dangers. The marketing of e-cigarettes to young people and the legalization of marijuana present challenges. The current substances available to students are detailed. Parent–student communication continues to be important for students leaving home and creating patterns of their own. Parents’ values and behavior are predictors of teens’ use of substances. There is an association between underage drinking and chronic marijuana use and depression. Teenagers who are sensation-seeking present a difficult challenge for parents. Also important are conversations about respect and safety in sexual relationships. Parental monitoring, limit-setting, and ongoing communication can help prevent risk-taking behaviors. The need for students to develop refusal skills and the importance of establishing house rules and consequences are described.

Intrapersonal/interpersonal factors related to alcohol use and smoking cigarettes among juveniles

Background While there is consistent evidence that an early initiation of smoking and alcohol consumption is associated with a whole range of future negative outcomes, relatively little attention has been directed at a specific population of very young adolescents (10-12 years old). This study aimed to explore the relationships between alcohol use, smoking and intra/interpersonal factors among primary school pupils. Methods In this study (APVV-0253-11, APVV-15-0662) a representative sample of 572 early adolescents from a stratified random sample of 12 primary Slovak schools (50.1% boys, Mean age=12.49; SD = 0.59) was used. The respondents indicated their lifetime prevalence of smoking SM and alcohol use AU (dichotomized: 0-not used, 1-used) which was used as an outcome variable. Expectations of the effect of smoking and alcohol use (positive or negative), self-control and cigarette and alcohol refusal were used as the independent variables. Binary logistic regressions were performed and carried out separately for boys and girls. Results All 4 models were statistically significant for males (AU = 15.318, p < 0.01, 9.8%, SM = 17.807, p < 0.01, 9.8%) and also for females (AU = 25.204, p < 0.001, 16%, SM = 47.05, p < 0.001, 24.7%). The models showed that for boys there were significant associations between smoking refusal and smoking cigarettes 95%CI=0.845-0.97 and alcohol refusal and alcohol prevalence 95%CI=0.78-0.95. For girls, significant associations were found between smoking refusal and smoking cigarettes 95%CI=0.75-0.92, alcohol refusal and alcohol prevalence 95%CI=0.72-0.95, positive expectations 95%CI=1.04-1.20, negative expectations 95%CI=0.78-0.94, self-control 95%CI=0.91-1.00 and alcohol prevalence. Conclusions This study supports the importance of the specific role of refusal skills for both genders as well as the importance of the role of expectations and self-control with respect to gender differences. Key messages Implementation of the findings regarding the importance of specific refusal skills towards alcohol use and smoking among both genders might be important for effective targeting of prevention programs. The results show a similar trend regarding smoking which was observed among both genders but this was not seen in alcohol use.

Perceptions of sexual abstinence among Muslim adolescent girls in southern Thailand

Background Sex before marriage among Muslim adolescents is becoming a serious issue in Muslim societies exemplified by an increasing incidence of teenage pregnancy. Sexual abstinence is an optimal goal for adolescent health from an Islamic perspective. Muslim adolescent girls’ perceptions have not been investigated, therefore, we lack understanding of their strengths and the risks that may contribute to outcomes such as pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections. Objective The purpose of this investigation was to characterize Muslim adolescent girls’ perceptions of sexual abstinence. Methodology This participatory action study was conducted at an Islamic school in southern Thailand. Twenty-five girls, ages 12–14 years old, were purposively selected to participate in the study. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results Two salient themes were discovered that characterize Muslim adolescent girls’ perceptions about sexual abstinence: sexual abstinence is a means of self-protection and sex outside marriage is restricted by Islam, but it seems to be difficult to adhere to. Conclusions Religious values, family and peers play a central role in shaping thoughts and decisions about abstaining from sex. The integration of religious principles with building practical refusal skills, is needed to promote Muslim adolescent health.