Analysis of security of post-quantum algorithm of Rainbow electronic signature against potential attacks

Multidimensional public key cryptography is a candidate for post-quantum cryptography, and it makes it possible to generate particularly short signatures and quick verification. The Rainbow signature scheme proposed by J. Dean and D. Schmidt is such a multidimensional cryptosystem and it is considered to be protected against all known attacks. The need for research on Rainbow ES is justified by the fact that there is a need to develop and adopt a post-quantum national securities standard, and that in the process of the US NIST competition on the mathematical basis of cryptographic transformation method Rainbow, promising results. Therefore, it is considered important to take them into account and use them in Ukraine. The Rainbow signature scheme can be implemented simply and efficiently using linear algebra methods over a small finite field and, in particular, creates shorter signatures than those used in RSA and other post-quantum signatures [1]. In the 2nd round of NIST PQC, protected sets of Rainbow parameters are offered and several attacks on them are analyzed [1]. When comparing ES, preference is given to ES algorithms that have been selected according to unconditional criteria, as well as those that have better indicators for integral conditional criteria, because such a technique is more rational. In particular, the Rainbow-Band-Separation (RBS) attack [2] is the best known Rainbow attack with a certain set of parameters and is important. The Rainbow-Band-Separation attack restores the Rainbow secret key by solving certain systems of quadratic equations, and its complexity is measured by a well-known measure called the degree of regularity. However, as a rule, the degree of regularity is greater than the degree of solution in experiments, and it is impossible to obtain an accurate estimate. The paper proposes a new indicator of the complexity of the Rainbow-Band-Separation attack using F4 algorithm, which gives a more accurate estimate compared to the indicator that uses the degree of regularity. The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of ES based on MQ-transformations on the criterion of stability-complexity and an attempt to understand the security of Rainbow against RBS attack using F4.

A Tri-band Second-order Frequency Selective Surface Designing and Analysis

In this paper, inspired from the technique of patch–aperture–patch, a novel tri-band frequency selective surface with second-order band-pass response in each operation band is presented. The design is implemented by cascading a two-dimensional periodic array of three square loops and an array of wire grids. The proposed structure composed of three metal and two dielectric layers acts as a spatial dual band microwave filter with large band separation. The predicted FSS has the merits of broadband response, excellent stability for different incident angles, and sharp roll-off at X-, Ku- and K-band, respectively. The simulation and measurement are carried out and discussed. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones.

Potential of Sriwijaya Thermal Cycler Smart Controlling-Based as a Tool for DNA Sequence Polymerase Chain Reaction

Introduction. Along with the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for a thermal cyclerdevice for examining COVID-19 is getting bigger. Many laboratories have overusedthe use of thermal cyclers due to the limited availability of this tool. This study aimsto test the effectiveness of the Sriwijaya thermal cycler based on a smart controllerin conducting PCR DNA sequences. Methods. The research design was anexperimental study with a posttest control group approach, in order to see anoverview of the results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the form ofintermediate DNA bands using Sriwijaya Thermal Cycler compared to groups usingfactory-made Thermal cyclers. Results. The PCR results showed precise results fromthe image and band separation, and there was a clear separation of the bands onthe marker. The PCR results from the ACE I / D gene showed quite good and optimalresults in the separation of the PCR results band. Conclusion. Sriwijaya thermalcycler is effective in DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequences comparable tothat of the manufacturer's Thermal Cycler.

Potential of Sriwijaya Thermal Cycler Smart Controlling-Based as a Tool for DNA Sequence Polymerase Chain Reaction

A B S T R A C TIntroduction. Along with the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for a thermal cyclerdevice for examining COVID-19 is getting bigger. Many laboratories have overusedthe use of thermal cyclers due to the limited availability of this tool. This study aimsto test the effectiveness of the Sriwijaya thermal cycler based on a smart controllerin conducting PCR DNA sequences. Methods. The research design was anexperimental study with a posttest control group approach, in order to see anoverview of the results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the form ofintermediate DNA bands using Sriwijaya Thermal Cycler compared to groups usingfactory-made Thermal cyclers. Results. The PCR results showed precise results fromthe image and band separation, and there was a clear separation of the bands onthe marker. The PCR results from the ACE I / D gene showed quite good and optimalresults in the separation of the PCR results band. Conclusion. Sriwijaya thermalcycler is effective in DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequences comparable tothat of the manufacturer's Thermal Cycler.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VSTEP.3-5 SPEAKING RATER TRAINING

Playing a vital role in assuring reliability of language performance assessment, rater training has been a topic of interest in research on large-scale testing. Similarly, in the context of VSTEP, the effectiveness of the rater training program has been of great concern. Thus, this research was conducted to investigate the impact of the VSTEP speaking rating scale training session in the rater training program provided by University of Languages and International Studies - Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Data were collected from 37 rater trainees of the program. Their ratings before and after the training session on the VSTEP.3-5 speaking rating scales were then compared. Particularly, dimensions of score reliability, criterion difficulty, rater severity, rater fit, rater bias, and score band separation were analyzed. Positive results were detected when the post-training ratings were shown to be more reliable, consistent, and distinguishable. Improvements were more noticeable for the score band separation and slighter in other aspects. Meaningful implications in terms of both future practices of rater training and rater training research methodology could be drawn from the study.

Accurate Prediction of the S1 Excitation Energy in Solvated Azobenzene Derivatives via Embedded Orbital-Tuned Bethe-Salpeter Calculations

By employing the Bethe-Salpeter formalism with a non-equilibrium embedding scheme, we demonstrate that the paradigmatic case of S₁ band separation between cis and trans in azobenzene derivatives can be computed with excellent accuracy compared to experimental optical spectra. Besides embedding, we show that the choice of the Kohn-Sham exchange correlation functional for DFT is critical, despite the iterative convergence of GW quasiparticle energies. We address this by using a global hybrid functional, PBEh, with the amount of exact exchange fulfilling the Koopman’s theorem for DFT hence yielding an environment-consistent ionization potential.<br>This method yields the first vertical excitation energy of 20 azo molecules with a mean absolute error as low as 0.06 eV, up to three times smaller compared to standard functionals such as M06-2X and PBE0, and five times smaller compared to recent TDDFT results.<br><br>

Accurate Prediction of the S1 Excitation Energy in Solvated Azobenzene Derivatives via Embedded Orbital-Tuned Bethe-Salpeter Calculations

By employing the Bethe-Salpeter formalism with a non-equilibrium embedding scheme, we demonstrate that the paradigmatic case of S₁ band separation between cis and trans in azobenzene derivatives can be computed with excellent accuracy compared to experimental optical spectra. Besides embedding, we show that the choice of the Kohn-Sham exchange correlation functional for DFT is critical, despite the iterative convergence of GW quasiparticle energies. We address this by using a global hybrid functional, PBEh, with the amount of exact exchange fulfilling the Koopman’s theorem for DFT hence yielding an environment-consistent ionization potential.<br>This method yields the first vertical excitation energy of 20 azo molecules with a mean absolute error as low as 0.06 eV, up to three times smaller compared to standard functionals such as M06-2X and PBE0, and five times smaller compared to recent TDDFT results.<br><br>