Serous Membrane Detachment with Ultrasonic Homogenizer Improves Engraftment of Fetal Liver to Liver Surface in a Rat Model of Cirrhosis

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage cirrhosis. However, due to serious donor shortages, new treatments to replace liver transplantation are sorely needed. Recent studies have focused on novel therapeutic methods using hepatocytes and induced pluripotent stem cells, we try hard to develop methods for transplanting these cells to the liver surface. In the present study, we evaluated several methods for their efficiency in the detachment of serous membrane covering the liver surface for transplantation to the liver surface. The liver surface of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)-deficient rats in a cirrhosis model was detached by various methods, and then fetal livers from DPPIV-positive rats were transplanted. We found that the engraftment rate and area as well as the liver function were improved in rats undergoing transplantation following serous membrane detachment with an ultrasonic homogenizer, which mimics the Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator® (CUSA), compared with no detachment. Furthermore, the bleeding amount was lower with the ultrasonic homogenizer method than with the needle and electric scalpel methods. These findings provide evidence that transplantation to the liver surface with serous membrane detachment using CUSA might contribute to the development of new treatments for cirrhosis using cells or tissues.

Serous Membrane Detachment with Ultrasonic Homogenizer Improves Engraftment of Fetal Liver to Liver Surface in a Rat Cirrhosis Model

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage cirrhosis. However, due to serious donor shortages, new treatments to replace liver transplantation are sorely needed. Recent studies have focused on novel therapeutic methods using hepatocytes and induced pluripotent stem cells, we try hard to develop methods for transplanting these cells to the liver surface. In the present study, we evaluated several methods for their efficiency in the detachment of serous membrane covering the liver surface for transplantation to the liver surface. The liver surface of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)-deficient rats in a cirrhosis model was detached by various methods, followed by fetal livers from DPPIV-positive rats were transplanted. We found that the engraftment rate and area as well as the liver function were improved in rats undergoing transplantation following serous membrane detachment with an ultrasonic homogenizer, which mimics Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator® (CUSA), compared with no detachment. Furthermore, the bleeding amount was lower with the ultrasonic homogenizer method than with the needle and electric scalpel methods. These findings provide evidence that transplantation to the liver surface with serous membrane detachment using CUSA might contribute to the development of new treatments for cirrhosis using liver organoids.

The cyclosporine transdermal transfer possibility study on model systems

Aim: to develop the emulsion transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) of cyclosporine and the research of its diffusion from TTS.Materials and methods. The quantitative evaluation of cyclosporine in model media was performed on liquid chromatograph Agilent 1100 G1311 with spectrophotometric detector G1315B (Germany). For the production of the emulsion matrix, the Heidolph DIAX900 disperser (Germany) and the ultrasonic homogenizer Hielscher UIS250V (Germany) were used. The cyclosporine diffusion from TTS through Strat-M membrane (25 mm in diameter, Merck Millipore) was studied using Copley diffusion analyser (Great Britain).Results. Using the developed method of micro-HPLC, it was established that the amount of cyclosporine passed through the Strat-M membrane over 24 hours from 10 sm2 TTS, containing 173 mg of the substance, was 5.9 mg. The estimated blood concentration is ~ 50 ng/ml which corresponds to the therapeutic maintenance blood concentration during organ transplantation (50–75 ng/ml).Conclusion. The model studies demonstrate the possibility of the cyclosporine transdermal transfer.

Mechanical Physicial Properties of Chlorella-PVA based Bioplastic with Ultrasonic Homogenizer

Public demand for environmentally friendly packaging material especially in food industry is increasing. One of the many solutions invented for this problem is the development of biodegradable plastic. Biopolymer can be mixed with synthetic polymer to produce biodegradable films with properties suitable for varying applications. This study examines the mechanical physical properties of Chlorellapolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based bioplastic by pre-treating the Chlorella powder with ultrasonic homogenizer. Variation of Chlorella concentration and temperature was done during the ultrasonication. Before being used as bioplastic base, pre-treated Chlorella with different concentrations were equated. Bioplastic films were then prepared with the pre-treated Chlorella powder and PVA using solvent casting method. Mechanical physical properties of the pre-treated Chlorella films then compared with non pretreated Chlorella film as control. Mechanical test shows the increasing of bioplastic tensile strength up to 15,3 kgf/cm2 and elongation percentage up to 99,63%. Field emission scanning electron microscopy test shows the increasing of bioplastic homogenity and smoother surface with less pores. Fourier transform infrared analysis shows that there are crosslinkages between Chlorella and PVA. Thermal analysis by thermogravimetric analysis shows ultrasonication creates a more compact linkages. The performance of the film could suggest its potential as an eco-sustainable food packaging plastic material.

Investigation of Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsion Characteristics Produced by Ultrasonic Homogenizer

Limited studies had been conducted using water-in-diesel emulsion produced from ultrasonic homogenizing method. In this study, Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsions (WiBE) produced using ultrasonic homogenizer were characterized and studied for their physical and chemical properties through various laboratory investigations. The data were then compared with WiBE produced using mechanical homogeniser by the current researchers. Physical characterization tests were carried out on 24 WiBE emulsions produced using an ultrasonic bath, with water percentage of 9%, 12% and 15%, HLB value of 6, 7, 8 and 9, and surfactant dosage of 5% and 10%. The water droplets produced using ultrasonic homogeniser were found to be evenly distributed and generally smaller in size. The density and viscosity values of these emulsions were found to be uniformly larger than WiBE produced using mechanical homogeniser. Emulsions with 15% water exceeded the density threshold, indicating the limits of the amount of water which can be added to the biodiesel fuel. Also, it was found that for viscosity, the HLB is limited to HLB 9 for higher surfactant dosage.

PENAMBAHAN POTASSIUM CHLORIDE PADA BIOPLASTIK PATI SAGU DENGAN BERPENGUAT MIKROFIBRIL SELULOSA BAMBU BERBANTUKAN SONIKASI

Sago starch based bioplastics as food packaging have drawbacks such as soft, and easily broken. This paper explains improvement of sago starch-based bioplastics reinforced with bamboo microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Furthermore, this paper investigates effect of dispersing agent on mechanical property by using of potassium chloride (KCl) assisted by ultrasonic homogenizer. Variable used experiments were bamboo MFC concentration of 1%; 3% and 5% w/w and KCl concentration of 1%; 2% dan 3% w/v. Sago starch-based solution was prepared from 4% w/v of commercial sago starch. The mixed solution was gelatinized at temperature of 90 oC. The result showed that the 5% of bamboo MFC increased tensile strength of sago starch-based bioplastics due to purpose of bamboo MFC as reinforcement of sago starch. Further, additional of KCl reduced the dispersing time for 1 hour. Optimum result in this preliminary experiment was obtained at bamboo MFC of 5% w/w and KCl concentration of 1% w/v resulting tensile strength of 17.99 MPa.

SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENE OXIDE USING MILDLY OXIDIZED GRAPHITE THROUGH ULTRASONIC EXFOLIATION

This study investigated the preparation of graphene oxide from mildly oxidized graphite through ultrasonic exfoliation. Both the original and produced materials were analyzed by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The results indicated that the exfoliation yield of graphene oxide was proportional to the input ultrasonic energy. In addition, a two-stage exfoliation phenomenon was observed in the exfoliation of mildly oxidized graphite with both ultrasonic homogenizer and cleaner. It also was found that increasing the content of [[Formula: see text]] in a C–H2SO4–[[Formula: see text]] reaction system was the most simple and direct method to increase the oxidation degree of graphite oxide.

Friction Properties of Waste Cooking Oil with Banana Peel Broth

The aim of this study is to investigate the friction properties of waste cooking oil (WCO) with banana peel broth. The WCO was purified using a physical technique. Several weight percentages of 15 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 45 wt.% of banana peel broth was dispersed in WCO using ultrasonic homogenizer. Span 80, as a surfactant, were added to the blends. The tribological test was performed using a four-ball tribometer according to the ASTM standards. At early stage, between 0-1200 seconds, it was found that the presence of banana peel broth in WCO reduces the friction coefficient. However, after a certain time, the oil film breakdown and instantly increased the friction coefficient. By observation of worn surfaces, it can be suggested that WCO with 30 wt.% banana peel broth could be a good blends for this study. As a conclusion, this study proposes that the banana peel broth could improve the tribological properties of WCO in mild conditions.