Effect of Selected Stabilizers and Processing Aids on the Stability of a Double Emulsion Encapsulating Bitter Gourd Extract

Effect of three variables in differing concentrations [NaCl (3-5%), polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) (2-4%) and dairy protein-polysaccharide complexes (Whey protein concentrate(WPC-80)-gum Arabic(GA) and sodium caseinate(SC)-gum Arabic in 1:2 ratio)] on the stability of W1/O/W2 emulsion matrix that was used to encapsulate bitter gourd extract was evaluated. The double emulsion matrix was characterized by apparent viscosity, zeta potential, turbidity and sedimentation stability by visual appearance. The physical parameters of the double emulsion matrix were very highly significantly (p < 0.001) affected by all variables such as the concentration of salt, PGPR and complex (WPC-GA and SC-P) as well as their interactions. The double emulsions prepared with WPC-GA became unstable immediately after preparation or after one day of preparation. SC-GA stabilized double emulsions were found more stable than WPC-GA stabilized emulsions. A double emulsion containing 5% NaCl, 2% PGPR and 16.5% SC-GA were found most stable (10 days at 37°C) in comparison to other combinations used.

The cyclosporine transdermal transfer possibility study on model systems

Aim: to develop the emulsion transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) of cyclosporine and the research of its diffusion from TTS.Materials and methods. The quantitative evaluation of cyclosporine in model media was performed on liquid chromatograph Agilent 1100 G1311 with spectrophotometric detector G1315B (Germany). For the production of the emulsion matrix, the Heidolph DIAX900 disperser (Germany) and the ultrasonic homogenizer Hielscher UIS250V (Germany) were used. The cyclosporine diffusion from TTS through Strat-M membrane (25 mm in diameter, Merck Millipore) was studied using Copley diffusion analyser (Great Britain).Results. Using the developed method of micro-HPLC, it was established that the amount of cyclosporine passed through the Strat-M membrane over 24 hours from 10 sm2 TTS, containing 173 mg of the substance, was 5.9 mg. The estimated blood concentration is ~ 50 ng/ml which corresponds to the therapeutic maintenance blood concentration during organ transplantation (50–75 ng/ml).Conclusion. The model studies demonstrate the possibility of the cyclosporine transdermal transfer.

Thermal Decomposition Conditions of Emulsion Matrix in the Emulsifier

The main background was the "3.11" accident in this paper. The starting point was based on the experts’ conclusions of investigation and analysis in the accident. Combining the decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate in the emulsion explosives and the lessons from the production of emulsion explosives explosion, the conditions of the emulsion explosives (matrix) thermal decomposition in the emulsifier are given that are the formation of hot spot and the accumulation of heat. Then the factors of hot spots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurred conditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.

Stability Test of Emulsion Matrix in the Emulsifier

Aqueous emulsion explosives are oxidants andcarbonaceous fuel through theemulsifier, the use of technology toprepare emulsion obtained byemulsifying system in the thermodynamic sense isan unstable system. Therefore,the stability of emulsion explosives is a fundamentalproblem. Stability refers to the so-called emulsion explosives and their ability tomaintain the physical state of constantchange significantly explosiveperformance does not occur that emulsionexplosives stratification occursduring storage at room temperature,variations, breaking and loss experienced by the time of detonation capability. Storage stability is a measure of good or bad quality ofemulsion explosives is an important pointer, which determines the size of an emulsion explosive production,application conditions and ranges.By X-ray diffractionand microstructure analysis, intuitive judgment pastestability of emulsion explosives,which provides a potential industrial testmethod for solving emulsionexplosive powder and colloidalcrystallization caking hardening problems.