Stereo Matching Algorithm Based on Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Directional Intensity Difference

Fundamentally, a stereo matching algorithm produces a disparity map or depth map. This map contains valuable information for many applications, such as range estimation, autonomous vehicle navigation and 3D surface reconstruction. The stereo matching process faces various challenges to get an accurate result for example low texture area, repetitive pattern and discontinuity regions. The proposed algorithm must be robust and viable with all of these challenges and is capable to deliver good accuracy. Hence, this article proposes a new stereo matching algorithm based on a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) combined with directional intensity differences at the matching cost stage. The proposed algorithm contains a deep learning-based method and a handcrafted method. Then, the bilateral filter is used to aggregate the matching cost volume while preserving the object edges. The Winner-Take-All (WTA) is utilized at the optimization stage which the WTA normalizes the disparity values. At the last stage, a series of refinement processes will be applied to enhance the final disparity map. A standard benchmarking evaluation system from the Middlebury Stereo dataset is used to measure the algorithm performance. This dataset provides images with the characteristics of low texture area, repetitive pattern and discontinuity regions. The average error produced for all pixel regions is 8.51%, while the nonoccluded region is 5.77%. Based on the experimental results, the proposed algorithm produces good accuracy and robustness against the stereo matching challenges. It is also competitive with other published methods and can be used as a complete algorithm

The Phonetics of Prosody

Prosody is an umbrella term used to cover a variety of interconnected and interacting phenomena, namely stress, rhythm, phrasing, and intonation. The phonetic expression of prosody relies on a number of parameters, including duration, amplitude, and fundamental frequency (F0). The same parameters are also used to encode lexical contrasts (such as tone), as well as paralinguistic phenomena (such as anger, boredom, and excitement). Further, the exact function and organization of the phonetic parameters used for prosody differ across languages. These considerations make it imperative to distinguish the linguistic phenomena that make up prosody from their phonetic exponents, and similarly to distinguish between the linguistic and paralinguistic uses of the latter. A comprehensive understanding of prosody relies on the idea that speech is prosodically organized into phrasal constituents, the edges of which are phonetically marked in a number of ways, for example, by articulatory strengthening in the beginning and lengthening at the end. Phrases are also internally organized either by stress, that is around syllables that are more salient relative to others (as in English and Spanish), or by the repetition of a relatively stable tonal pattern over short phrases (as in Korean, Japanese, and French). Both types of organization give rise to rhythm, the perception of speech as consisting of groups of a similar and repetitive pattern. Tonal specification over phrases is also used for intonation purposes, that is, to mark phrasal boundaries, and express information structure and pragmatic meaning. Taken together, the components of prosody help with the organization and planning of speech, while prosodic cues are used by listeners during both language acquisition and speech processing. Importantly, prosody does not operate independently of segments; rather, it profoundly affects segment realization, making the incorporation of an understanding of prosody into experimental design essential for most phonetic research.

KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM FILM DILAN 1990

ABSTRACT This research is background because politeness involves part of social rules and strategic competencies needed and need to be discussed in the communication process. This research aims to (1) describe politeness strategies in the Dilan 1990 movie; (2) describe the politeness principle of language in the film Dilan 1990; and (3) describe the language context in the Dilan 1990 movie. This type of research is qualitative with descriptive methods. The data of this research are speeches expressed by Dilan’s Mother and Milea which contain politeness strategies, politeness principles, and contexts in the Dilan 1990 movie, analyzing data with the following steps. The first stage, identifying data based on strategy. The second stage, classifies data based on the principle of politeness. The third stage, identifying data based on context. The fourth stage analyzes and discusses research data in accordance with the theory used. The fifth, draws conclusions, namely formulating a repetitive pattern of strategies, principles of politeness, and context. Based on the results of the research it was concluded: (1) the number of data included in the strategy to speak frankly without further ado more than any other speaking strategy; (2) the maxims used in this study are wisdom macism, generosity maxim, praise maxim, and agreement maxim; (3) the speech of Dilan’s Mother and Milea in the Dilan 1990 movie is polite speech. Kata Kunci: Kesantunan Berbahasa , Strategi, Prinsip, Konteks

Oscar Wilde's Writing Style in "The Happy Prince" in View of Transitivity Analysis

This study was aimed to discover the types of processes used and how they influence the author’s writing style in Oscar Wilde’s short story entitled “The Happy Prince”. The methodology used in this study was descriptive-qualitative so the analysis was presented in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and utterances. The study focused on discourse analysis employing ideational function approach, which analyzed the short story from the point of view of linguistics especially Transitivity, a theory developed by M. A. K. Halliday. As a result, there were seven types of processes found in the story namely material, mental, behavioral, verbal, relational, existential, and meteorological. The results of the study showed that material process was the most frequently used process (37%) conducted by the author. Yet, the six others were each employed for about 1% - 25%. This indicated that the use of the type of process influenced the writing style of the author in constructing the story where the different process emphasized different portrayal. The use of material process as the most dominant process might reflect the author’s eagerness to do what he cannot do in his real life. However, it was also supported by the author’s previous career and achievement as a journalist, editor, and critic before he wrote the story. Ultimately, the researcher found that Oscar Wilde’s writing style incorporates the vivid descriptions, aesthetic appearance, conversational style, repetitive pattern, simple and clear language. Keywords: Oscar Wilde; Writing Style; Discourse Analysis; Ideational Meaning; Transitivity

Mapping similarities in temporal parking occupancy behavior based on city-wide parking meter data

The search for a parking space is a severe and stressful problem for drivers in many cities. The provision of maps with parking space occupancy information assists drivers in avoiding the most crowded roads at certain times. Since parking occupancy reveals a repetitive pattern per day and per week, typical parking occupancy patterns can be extracted from historical data.<br> In this paper, we analyze city-wide parking meter data from Hannover, Germany, for a full year. We describe an approach of clustering these parking meters to reduce the complexity of this parking occupancy information and to reveal areas with similar parking behavior. The parking occupancy at every parking meter is derived from a timestamp of ticket payment and the validity period of the parking tickets. The similarity of the parking meters is computed as the mean-squared deviation of the average daily patterns in parking occupancy at the parking meters. Based on this similarity measure, a hierarchical clustering is applied. The number of clusters is determined with the Davies-Bouldin Index and the Silhouette Index.<br> Results show that, after extensive data cleansing, the clustering leads to three clusters representing typical parking occupancy day patterns. Those clusters differ mainly in the hour of the maximum occupancy. In addition, the lo-cations of parking meter clusters, computed only based on temporal similarity, also show clear spatial distinctions from other clusters.

Waves and fluid–solid interaction in stented blood vessels

This paper focuses on the modelling of fluid–structure interaction and wave propagation problems in a stented artery. Reflection of waves in blood vessels is well documented in the literature, but it has always been linked to a strong variation in geometry, such as the branching of vessels. The aim of this work is to detect the possibility of wave reflection in a stented artery due to the repetitive pattern of the stents. The investigation of wave propagation and possible blockages under time-harmonic conditions is complemented with numerical simulations in the transient regime.