Contexts of Normative Aspect of Public Security

Public security, a state constituting a normative subject, is defined by numerous acts that regulate areas requiring specific conduct to be able to assure it. The public order defined in such a way determines public security. Nevertheless this simple dependence is insufficient as regards the normative formulation of public security. It is identified as an expression pointing at public tasks of administrative bodies as a legal criterion for the operation of such a body or as competence of the body. The present paper presents contexts of its usage in diverse normative acts, considered as separate legal departments. Such a broad review has been carried out by their classification depending on categorisation to the political, process and material laws. A separate discussion has been made of public security as a structure that does not occur directly in the basic law, yet ha its reference in it. The presented material enables making a differentiation of the concept of public security in normative acts, depending on the context of its formulation.

Simple theoretical proposal of the dependence of the deGennes extrapolation parameter with the surface temperature of a superconducting sample

The Time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau model (TDGLM) is a robust tool widely used to analyze the magnetization of the single-vortex state of a mesoscopic superconducting sample in presence of a magnetic field. The algorithm implemented in this work is applied to a square geometry surrounded by different kinds of materials simulated by deGennes extrapolation length . The inside of the sample remains at constant temperature , while its boundary remains at temperature . This temperature variation in the sample can be generated by a continuous laser wave injected into all the internal points, except for a thin surface layer in the boundary of the material. We found that the b value at , which mimics the magnetization curve for a corresponding , presents a linear dependence with the temperature. Therefore, although within the domain of validity TDGLM the parameter is to be considered temperature-independent in the vicinity of the bulk critical temperature and that depends on the density of states near the surface, we propose a simple dependence of using a TDGLM.

Microwave heating – the influence of oven and load parameters on the power absorbed in the heated load

The microwave power is a parameter greatly influencing the rate of heating. Several authors reported on certain differences between the rated power output as a parameter used by oven manufacturers in the labelling of ovens, and the power actually delivered to the heated product. A review of the respective information is given in this article together with the results of own experiments following the influence of the oven type and the heated substance parameters on the power actually absorbed in the substance volume during its heating. As the heated substance, water and solutions of NaCl and sucrose of different concentrations were used. For the heating, four types of domestic microwave ovens and glass and plastic containers, were used. The decreasing of the efficiency of heating with the decreasing volume of the heated substance and a certain relation between the rate of this decrease and the types of oven and of substance was estimated. With the small cavity ovens, a lower rate of the decrease of the absorbed microwave power with the decreasing volume of the substance was found as compared to the large cavity oven. A certain influence of other technical oven parameters is shown in the comparison of the tests results with the ovens of the same rated power and the cavity volume. In addition to the substance volume, also its dielectric properties probably influence the microwave power absorbed in small samples during the heating. No simple dependence can be seen on the basis of the tests results between the type of container used in the tests and the power absorbed in the heated substance.  

A Study of Cloud Mixing and Evolution Using PDF Methods. Part I: Cloud Front Propagation and Evaporation

The evolution of mean relative humidity (RH) is studied in an isobaric system of clear and cloudy air mixed by an incompressible velocity field. A constant droplet radius assumption is employed that implies a simple dependence of the mixing time scale, τeddy, and the reaction (evaporation) time scale, τreact, on the specifics of the droplet size spectrum. A dilemma is found in the RH e-folding time, τefold, predicted by two common microphysical schemes: models that resolve supersaturation and ignore subgrid correlations, which gives τefold ∼ τreact, and PDF schemes that assume instantaneous evaporation and predict τefold ∼ τeddy. The resolution of this dilemma, Magnussen and Hjertager’s eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model τefold ∼ max(τeddy, τreact), is revealed in the results of 1D eddy diffusivity simulations and a new probability density function (PDF) approach to cloud mixing and evolution in which evaporation is explicitly resolved and the shape of the PDF is not specified a priori. The EDC model is shown to exactly solve the nonturbulent problem of spurious production of cloud-edge supersaturations described by Stevens et al. and produce good results in the more general turbulent case.

The death of the Master: the Gospel of John and R. L. Stevenson's The Master of Ballantrae

In this paper, I argue that the influence of John's Gospel on R. L. Stevenson's novel The Master of Ballantrae is significant on several levels. On the level of narrative, I show that both texts are narrated from a perspective which shifts uneasily from omniscience to uncertainty. John's Gospel, particularly its closing chapters, offers a powerful model for the telling of the story of The Master of Ballantrae. The reliability both of Mr MacKellar, the novel's narrator, and of the mysterious editor of the material which makes up John's Gospel, is open to question. On the level of plot, the death, burial and ‘resurrection’ of James Durie, the ‘Master’, at least on one reading of the novel's title, mirrors the death, burial and resurrection of the Johannine Christ. This is no straightforward importation of one set of ideas onto another, rather an imaginative and sophisticated retelling of the climax of the Gospel story. Finally, on the level of characterisation, several of the characters in The Master of Ballantrae share features with players in the Gospel narrative, particularly those who appear in the Passion and resurrection scenes. Pilate's vacillations and Thomas's doubts flesh out our understanding of the characters who witness the death throes of the warring Durie brothers.Robert Louis Stevenson had grown up hearing the Bible read at home and in church. Despite rejecting the faith of his parents in his twenties, he nevertheless continued to be drawn to the images and cadences of the Bible, and particularly of the Gospels. The relationship between The Master of Ballantrae and John's Gospel is not one of simple dependence: but the influence of the Gospel on the novel, I argue, is clear and distinctive.

One-dimensional model for a laser-ablated slab under acceleration

A one-dimensional model for a laser-ablated slab under acceleration g is developed. A characteristic value gc is found to separate two solutions: Lower g values allow sonic or subsonic flow at the critical surface; for higher g the sonic point approaches closer and closer to the slab surface. A significant reduction in the ablation pressure is found in comparison to the g = 0 case. A simple dependence law between the ablation pressure and the slab acceleration, from the initial value g0 to infinity, is identified. Results compared well with fully hydrodynamic computer simulations with Multi2D code. The model has also been found a key step to produce indefinitely steady numerical solutions to study Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities in heat ablation fronts, and validate other theoretical analysis of the problem.

Structure of Nanocomposite films of CdS nanoparticles in a polymer matrix

ABSTRACTA thiolate precursor was dispersed in a polymer solution and a precursor/polymer film was obtained by casting. Thermal annealing of the precursor/polymer film leads to the formation of a nanocomposite of nanometer-sized CdS dispersed in the polymer (thermolytic process). Different polymers were used as matrix material; in particular we employed a cyclo-olefin copolymer for its good optical properties and extremely low water absorption. After annealing with a temperature between 230 and 250°C in vacuum (pressure of about 6×10−3 mbar) the CdS nanoparticles are found to be crystalline with a diameter of about 2nm in size. The nanoparticle size can be increased up to 15nm by annealing at higher temperatures (300°C). The details of the structural properties of the nanocomposite films have been investigated by small and wide angle x-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS, respectively). A simple dependence of the nanoparticle dimensions on the annealing temperature was found. Furthermore, SAXS measurements indicate that the separation between the nanoparticles compares with their diameter.

Dissection of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake and Release Fluxes in Situ after Depolarization-Evoked [Ca2+]i Elevations in Sympathetic Neurons

We studied how mitochondrial Ca2+ transport influences [Ca2+]i dynamics in sympathetic neurons. Cells were treated with thapsigargin to inhibit Ca2+ accumulation by SERCA pumps and depolarized to elevate [Ca2+]i; the recovery that followed repolarization was then examined. The total Ca2+ flux responsible for the [Ca2+]i recovery was separated into mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial components based on sensitivity to the proton ionophore FCCP, a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in these cells. The nonmitochondrial flux, representing net Ca2+ extrusion across the plasma membrane, has a simple dependence on [Ca2+]i, while the net mitochondrial flux (Jmito) is biphasic, indicative of Ca2+ accumulation during the initial phase of recovery when [Ca2+]i is high, and net Ca2+ release during later phases of recovery. During each phase, mitochondrial Ca2+ transport has distinct effects on recovery kinetics. Jmito was separated into components representing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release based on sensitivity to the specific mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor, CGP 37157 (CGP). The CGP-resistant (uptake) component of Jmito increases steeply with [Ca2+]i, as expected for transport by the mitochondrial uniporter. The CGP-sensitive (release) component is inhibited by lowering the intracellular Na+ concentration and depends on both intra- and extramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, as expected for the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Above ∼400 nM [Ca2+]i, net mitochondrial Ca2+ transport is dominated by uptake and is largely insensitive to CGP. When [Ca2+]i is ∼200–300 nM, the net mitochondrial flux is small but represents the sum of much larger uptake and release fluxes that largely cancel. Thus, mitochondrial Ca2+ transport occurs in situ at much lower concentrations than previously thought, and may provide a mechanism for quantitative control of ATP production after brief or low frequency stimuli that raise [Ca2+]i to levels below ∼500 nM.