Expert consensus on the use of sunscreen agents: Indian perspective

<p class="abstract">Sunscreens have been widely known to play an integral part in photoprotection. Both physical and chemical sunscreens have been extensively used for prevention and management of several conditions induced by ultraviolet rays such as sunburn, photoaging, skin cancer, and phototoxic reactions. Currently, sunscreens are available in different formulations like creams, lotions, gels, sticks, and sprays. Forty experts in the field of clinical dermatology participated in the expert group meetings organized via teleconference webinar to discuss definitions, diagnoses, and management. Current evidence on the use of sunscreen agents along with clinical experience of experts was discussed. The application of an adequate amount of sunscreen with an appropriate sun protection factor is imperative, and must be in accordance to skin type and exposure pattern of an individual. As part of a complete sun protection regimen, the judicious use of sunscreens must be combined with avoidance of midday sun exposure and protective clothing. There is an undeniable need to improve public education and awareness regarding use of sunscreens. This review article provides a consensus clinical viewpoint of expert dermatologists on effective use of sunscreens to assist in clinical decision-making for healthcare professionals.</p>

Karakteristik Krim Tabir Surya dari Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty 1985 (Florideophyceae : Solieriaceae)

Paparan sinar ultraviolet yang terus menerus dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada kulit. Upaya pencegahan dapat dengan menggunakan sediaan krim tabir surya. Rumput laut K. alvarezii adalah salah satu organisme laut yang diduga mengandung senyawa yang dapat dijadikan sebagai agen tabir surya alami. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik krim tabir surya dari ekstrak K. alvarezii. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rumput laut K. alvarezii kering yang diperoleh dari PT. Rumah Rumput Laut, Bogor. Rumput laut K. alvarezii diekstraksi dengan pelarut yaitu n-heksana, etil asetat, metanol Krim tabir surya dibuat menurut Mishara, (2018), dengan menambahkan empat ekstrak rumput laut K. alvarezii yang berbeda, kemudian dilakukannya uji yang meliputi uji organoleptik, uji stabilitas, uji tipe emulsi, uji clycling test, uji nilai pH, uji nilai SPF,. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keempat ekstrak K. alvarezii memiliki serapan panjang gelombang pada daerah ultraviolet, untuk hasil analisis sediaan krim tabir surya menunjukkan krim tabir surya dari ekstrak K. alvarezii stabil secara fisik selama penyimpanan 28 hari, tidak ada perubahan warna dan bau, tidak terdapat pertumbuhan jamur, tipe emulsi krim minyak dalam air dan memiliki nilai SPF >15 sehingga termasuk dalam kategori tabir surya ultra Continuous exposure to ultraviolet rays can cause damage to the skin. Prevention efforts can use sunscreen cream preparations.seaweed K. alvarezii is a marine organism that is thought to contain compounds that can be used as natural sunscreen agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the sunscreen cream fromextract K. alvarezii. The sample used in this study was theseaweed K. alvarezii driedobtained from PT. Seaweed House, Bogor.seaweed was K. alvarezii extracted with solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. Sunscreen cream made, by adding four seaweed extract K. alvarezii different, then do a test covering the organoleptic test, stability test, test emulsion type,test clyclingtest, test the pH value, test the SPF value, . The results showed that the four extracts of K. alvarezii had wavelength absorption in the ultraviolet area, for the analysis of sunscreen cream preparations showed that the sun cream fromextract K. alvarezii was physically stable during 28 days of storage, no change in color and odor, no growth. fungus, a type of oil-in-water cream emulsion and has an SPF value of> 15 so it is included in the ultra sunscreen category.

Sunscreen Boosting Effect by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles-Loaded Fucoxanthin Formulation

Fucoxanthin is a bioactive compound that is a kind of natural carotenoid. Fucoxanthin is known to protect against UV-B-induced cell damage in hairless mice, even though it is physiochemically unstable to heat and acid due to its polyunsaturated structure, indicating that fucoxanthin possesses a low bioavailability, and this disadvantage limits its application in the cosmetic industry. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) systems are known to be suitable as carriers for sunscreen agents. In this research work, the sunscreen-boosting effect of SLN, as a deliverer of functional ingredient, especially fucoxanthin, has been developed and evaluated by comparing the sunburn protection factors (SPF) of macroemulsion (cream and lotion type) and an SLN formula containing various kinds of sunscreen agents, respectively. Several results such as stability test, particle size, DSC analysis, and X-ray analysis show that the SLN formula loading fucoxanthin has the possibility of being a stable and high-functioning ingredient delivery system. Moreover, the SLN formula has shown a higher SPF value than others, meaning that the SLN formula exhibits a good sunscreen-boosting effect. This study indicates that the use of SLN as a carrier enhanced the bioavailability of fucoxanthin and shows that SLN could be a promising carrier for the production of sunscreen products by allowing the scaling-up of production.

A long lasting sunscreen controversy of 4-aminobenzoic acid and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde derivatives resolved by ultrafast spectroscopy combined with density functional theoretical study

Photoprotection or photodamage: a pivotal role of water in regulating dynamics and molecular mechanism for efficacy of DMABA, DMAAP and PABA sunscreen agents.