scholarly journals Karakteristik Krim Tabir Surya dari Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty 1985 (Florideophyceae : Solieriaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Septi Beladini ◽  
A.B. Susanto ◽  
Ali Ridlo
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Type Test ◽  
Wavelength Absorption ◽  
Sunscreen Agents

Paparan sinar ultraviolet yang terus menerus dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada kulit. Upaya pencegahan dapat dengan menggunakan sediaan krim tabir surya. Rumput laut K. alvarezii adalah salah satu organisme laut yang diduga mengandung senyawa yang dapat dijadikan sebagai agen tabir surya alami. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik krim tabir surya dari ekstrak K. alvarezii. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rumput laut K. alvarezii kering yang diperoleh dari PT. Rumah Rumput Laut, Bogor. Rumput laut K. alvarezii diekstraksi dengan pelarut yaitu n-heksana, etil asetat, metanol Krim tabir surya dibuat menurut Mishara, (2018), dengan menambahkan empat ekstrak rumput laut K. alvarezii yang berbeda, kemudian dilakukannya uji yang meliputi uji organoleptik, uji stabilitas, uji tipe emulsi, uji clycling test, uji nilai pH, uji nilai SPF,. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keempat ekstrak K. alvarezii memiliki serapan panjang gelombang pada daerah ultraviolet, untuk hasil analisis sediaan krim tabir surya menunjukkan krim tabir surya dari ekstrak K. alvarezii stabil secara fisik selama penyimpanan 28 hari, tidak ada perubahan warna dan bau, tidak terdapat pertumbuhan jamur, tipe emulsi  krim minyak dalam air dan memiliki nilai SPF >15 sehingga termasuk dalam kategori tabir surya ultra  Continuous exposure to ultraviolet rays can cause damage to the skin. Prevention efforts can use sunscreen cream preparations.seaweed K. alvarezii is a marine organism that is thought to contain compounds that can be used as natural sunscreen agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the sunscreen cream fromextract K. alvarezii. The sample used in this study was theseaweed K. alvarezii driedobtained from PT. Seaweed House, Bogor.seaweed was K. alvarezii extracted with solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. Sunscreen cream made, by adding four seaweed extract K. alvarezii different, then do a test covering the organoleptic test, stability test, test emulsion type,test clyclingtest, test the pH value, test the SPF value, . The results showed that the four extracts of K. alvarezii had wavelength absorption in the ultraviolet area, for the analysis of sunscreen cream preparations showed that the sun cream fromextract K. alvarezii was physically stable during 28 days of storage, no change in color and odor, no growth. fungus, a type of oil-in-water cream emulsion and has an SPF value of> 15 so it is included in the ultra sunscreen category. 

Improved Deproteinization Process for Protein-Free Natural Rubber Latex

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwat Pichayakorn ◽  
Jirapornchai Suksaeree ◽  
Wirach Taweepreda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Leaching Process

Hev b1-14 type proteins in natural rubber latex (NRL) have been identified as allergens in immunogenic responses. Several methods have been developed to reduce these proteins from NRL such as enzyme treatment, centrifugation, creaming, simple or ultrasonic leaching, and chlorination. In this work, the improvement of deproteinization of NRL was developed using the combination of enzyme treatment and leaching processes. The fresh NRL was incubated with 0.2 phr proteolytic alcalase enzyme, and preserved with 2%v/v paraben concentrate in the presence of a 2%v/v sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) as a surfactant at 37°C for 24 hours, and then centrifuged. The upper rubber mass was then leached for three times with either distilled water, a 1%v/v SLES solution, or a mixture of 1%v/v SLES and 2.5%v/v ethanol, and then finally re-dispersed in distilled water. It was found that the increasing process of leaching with either 1%v/v SLES or a mixture of 1%v/v SLES and 2.5%v/v ethanol had the higher efficacy to reduce the remained protein in deproteinized NRL (DNRL). The best deproteinized process was the enzyme treatment and followed by the three times leaching process with a mixture of 1%v/v SLES and 2.5%v/v ethanol, that could completely reduce the proteins in DNRL to 0%. This DNRL had the pH value, viscosity, dry rubber content, and total solid content of 7.41, 13.82 cps, 42.57%, and 44.63%, respectively. Its particle size was 626.23 nm with low polydispersity index of 0.16. The negative charge of SLES could increase the higher negative charge of DNRL to-63.20 mV that exhibited very good physical stability during storage. In conclusions, the combination of enzyme treatment and leaching process with both SLES and ethanol was successful to produce the protein-free DNRL. This DNRL could be further used for several applications including medical skin products.

Preparation of Microcapsules for Self-Healing Polymers

2012 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Anna Czeller ◽  
Tibor Czigány
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion ◽  
Polymerization Method

In this paper, melamin-formaldehyde microcapsules filled with pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) or epoxy were prepared via oil-in-water emulsion polymerization method. Two different routes were chosen from literature, and applied with some changes. The effects of modification of reaction conditions on the resulting capsules were studied. It was found that too low pH value in the emulsion causes burst polymerization of the wall material, without microcapsule formation. When pH was set to 4.5 spherical microcapsules were formed. Optical microscopy was used to evaluate the microcapsules.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and micronutrients properties of vermicompost produced from municipal solid waste in National Thermal Power Corporation, Barh, Bihar, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ranjan Kumar Mishra ◽  
Sunil Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Prashant Chandra Kumar ◽  
Bishnu Dev Das ◽  
Ruby Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
State Government ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Total N ◽  
Health Card

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The present study has been carried out to investigate the physicochemical and micronutrients properties of vermicompost generated from the major municipal biodegradable solid waste (fruits and vegetables) by using two common species of earthworm i.e., <em>Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia</em> in National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Barh, Bihar (India).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Compost pH was measured in distilled water (free of CO<sub>2</sub>) using 10 g of compost sample and 25 ml distilled water (ratio 1:2.5). The suspension was agitated for 3-5 min and placed for half an hour before measuring the pH value with a glass. Organic carbon was measured by Walkey and Black method, total N by Kajeldahl method, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> was determined by means of colorimetric method and K<sub>2</sub>O, Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn, Fe and B were determined by the means of Hi Media Kit.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the micronutrients in harvested vermicompost, increase in Zn, Cu and B contents and slight decrease in Mo content were observed when compared to standards given in soil health card of the State Government of Bihar. Mn and Fe were found to be critical in the harvested vermicompost samples. The level of boron (B) in vermicompost was found much higher than the required availability in the soil.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> On the basis of overall physicochemical as well as micronutrients properties of the vermicompost prepared in NTPC is of better quality in compared to the other vermicompost. </p>

scholarly journals Optimasi Zink Oksida Dan Asam Malat dalam Krim Tabir Surya Kombinasi Avobenzone dan Octyl Methoxycinnamate dengan Desain Faktorial

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Viddy Agustian Rosyidi ◽  
Lisanul Ummah ◽  
Nia Kristiningrum
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Uv Rays

  Ultraviolet rays (UV) has an adverse effect on the skin, which is epidermis damage. One way to prevent the adverse effects of UV rays on the skin can be done by using sunscreen. The sunscreen mechanism of action was divided into chemical absorber and physical blocker. Chemical absorber will be degradated when exposed to UV rays, while ZnO as physical blocker can increase pH value of the sunscreen. The effectiveness of sunscreen was affected by pH value, so malic acid was added into the sunscreen formula to decrease pH value. This study was aimed to determine the optimum composition of ZnO and malic acid on pH, viscosity, SPF, transmission of erythema and transmission of pigmentation using factorial design method. 0,5% ZnO was set as the lowest level and 3% ZnO was set as the highest level; 0,5% malic acid was set as the lowest level and 0,8% malic acid was set as the highest level. Selected optimum formula was 0,5% ZnO and 0,8% malic acid with the predicted SPF value of 21,242; TE of 0,000; TP of 0,000; pH of 4,820; and viscosity of 80,333 dPa.s   Keywords: sunscreen, Zinc Oxide, malic acid, Sun Protector Factor  

scholarly journals Role of particle size in assessment of physico-chemical properties and trace elements of Indian fly ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Jashanpreet Singh ◽  
S. K. Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ash Disposal

In this paper, the effect of particle size on the physico-chemical, mineralogical, and leaching behavior of Indian fly ash was studied. Experiments were carried out to study the leaching of different elements such as Mg, Cr, Zn, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, and Ni from Indian fly ash. During the experiments, the liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio of the fly ash was taken as 9/1, 8/2, 7/3, 3/2, 1/1, and 2/3. The effect of four different particle size ranges (below 53, 53–75, 75–106, and 106–150 μm) of fly ash was analyzed. The ASTMD-3987 method was used to analyze the presence of trace elements from fly ash. In the ASTM D-3987 method, distilled water was used for extraction of leachate. Fly ash slurry samples were agitated in a lubricating type temperature-controlled Remi orbital shaker for a time duration of 18 hours with speed of 100 revolutions per minute (rpm) at a temperature of 25ºC. Distilled water does not save cost as well as being easily available. The leaching test of trace elements from fly ash was investigated at different pH conditions in order to predict the environmental effect from the ash disposal on the groundwater quality. Results revealed that pH of slurry suspension increases with increase in particle size. The pH value of fly ash slurries was negligibly affected by the decrease in L/S ratio for all particle sizes. Fine particles of fly ash produce a more harmful effect as compared to the coarser range of fly ash particles.

scholarly journals In vitro tests of dense hydroxyapatite materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sobczak ◽  
Anna Kida ◽  
Zygmunt Kowalski ◽  
Zbigniew Wzorek
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Two Stages

In vitro tests of dense hydroxyapatite materials The paper presents the results of the calcining process of deproteinised and defatted bone pulp called bone sludge. The calcining process was performed in two stages. The first step of the calcining process was realized at the temperature of 600°C in a rotary kiln. In the second stage the obtained bone ashes were calcined at five different temperatures from 650°C to 950°C for 2 hours in a chamber kiln and in air atmosphere. The products of the calcining process were characterized by the XRD method. Calcium content was determined by titration whereas the contents of total phosphorus and acid-soluble phosphorus - by the spectrophotometric method. The X-ray analysis confirmed that hydroxyapatite is the main component of the calcining products. Calcium and phosphorus contents were kept at the level of 40% and 17.5%, respectively, which corresponded to the Ca/P ratio of not stechiometric hydroxyapatite. In vitro studies, in the simulated body fluid, Ringer liquid and distilled water were realised. The measurements of pH value of SBF and Ringer fluid were realized. Additionally electrical conductivity as well as pH for distilled water where conducted. The goal of these tests was to evaluate chemical durability of dense hydroxyapatite materials.

scholarly journals STABILITY OF ZOLEDRONATE GEL EMULSION IN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRIMA ABIGAIL GAYATRI ◽  
KRISNAWATI . ◽  
MUHAMAD SAHLAN ◽  
DIAH KARTIKA PRATAMI ◽  
RETNO WIDAYATI
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Drug Content

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the physical stability and drug content of zoledronate (ZOL) gel emulsion in virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a newpharmaceutical product at 25°C as room temperature and 40°C as an accelerated temperature for a stability physics test.Methods: The ZOL gel emulsion comprises the following ingredients: 0.16% ZOL powder, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, 5% VCO, 0.44% sodiumbenzoate, and 0.009% antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene, and distilled water. Samples of this gel emulsion were stored for 1 month at 25°C and40°C, and the parameters used for stability tests were pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesive strength. The drug content was also evaluated with aspectrophotometer. The ZOL gel emulsion was evaluated against these metrics on days 1, 7, 14, and 28.Results: The results showed that ZOL pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesive strength, and drug content gel emulsion were clinically stable over 28 daysof storage at 25°C, whereas it was not stable when stored at 40°C for the same duration. pH value of ZOL gel emulsion significantly decreased at 28 days(p<0.05). Also for viscosity, adhesive strength, and drug content of ZOL gel emulsion showed statistically significant (p<0.05), except for spreadabilityvalue (p>0.05). The spreadability value between ZOL gel emulsion that stored at 25°C and at 40°C showed no significant result at 7 and 14 days (p>0.05).Conclusion: ZOL gel emulsion was stable at 25°C when stored for 28 days, suggesting that this is a suitable storage temperature at which its physicalstability and drug content can be maintained.

A Model for Lubrication by Oil-in-Water Emulsions

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sy-Wei Lo ◽  
Tzu-Chun Yang ◽  
Yong-An Cian ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Critical Volume Fraction ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

A model for oil-in-water emulsion has been developed in this paper. A group of viscosity coefficients transiting smoothly and incessantly from the thick film region to the thin film region is defined. The contributions from disperse and continuous phases to the total lubricant pressure and pressure gradient are functions of the oil concentration and the film thickness. The parameters used in these functions are determined by a series of computational fluid dynamics simulations. The onset of inversion and the viscosity after inversion are also investigated. It is found that the critical volume fraction of oil in the inception of inversion is dependent on the oil viscosity and a factor regarding the combined effects from the emulsifier, pH value, droplet size, and the shear rate. A series of simulations using the proposed model has been carried out and compared with the experimental results, such as the film thickness and the extension of oil pool for various rolling speeds and supply oil concentrations. The numerical outputs are basically in agreement with the experiments.

Pickering-Type Emulsions of ODSA Sizing Agent Stabilized by Nano-Montmorillonite and N-Dodecane

2013 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Hai Yu ◽  
Zhao Yun Lin ◽  
You Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrolysis Resistance

Octadecenylsuccinic anhydride (ODSA) is an internal sizing agent used to hydrophobize paper and paper board in the process of papermaking. Nano-montmorillonite (MMT) particles and n-dodecane were used as the stabilizer to prepare stable ODSA Pickering emulsions. The effects of pH value, particle concentration, hydrolysis resistance and paper sizing performance of the ODSA Pickering emulsions were investigated. It was found that the stability of ODSA emulsions first increased and then decreased as the pH value decreased. More stable oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion can be made using 10 vol.% n-dodecane. Particle concentration was linked to the formation of particle films at oil–water interface, with a required minimum particle concentration of 1.5 wt.%. Paper sizing degree analysis indicated that the ODSA Pickering emulsions show increased hydrolysis resistance and good sizing performance.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical treatment of poultry feather from the slaughter-house

2010 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Lili Mézes
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
N Content ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Poultry Feather

The 15-20% of the by-products of meat – and poultry industry – that unsuitable for human consumption – contains keratin. The slaughter technology of poultry produces large amount of poultry feather with 50-70% moisture content. This means more million tons annually worldwide (Williams et al., 1991; Hegedűs et al., 1998). The keratin content of feather can be difficulty digested, so physical, chemical and/or biological pretreatment is needed in practice, which has to be set according to the utilization method.Our applied treatments were based on biogas production, which is a possible utilization method. In the IFA (TULLN) Environmental Biotechnology Institute the feather was homogenized, and – according to the previous examinations – the most effective 1:2 feather-distilled water ratio or 1% NaOH-solution was used, and then treated with microwave (70, 130, 160 °C) during 1 hour time period. DM% and oDM% content was analyzed in the original samples, and the pH, Carbon-, Nitrogen-content in the output, too. Based on the received correlation coefficients (R) and related significance values (Sig.) I concluded, that the C-, N-content and the pH values weren’t influenced by any of the additives. The temperatureaffected all three tested factors. The temperature showed a strong coherency with the N-content and the pH value when distilled water was used and weak-medium coherency with the Carboncontent. With NaOH-solution treatment the temperature gave strong coherency with the C- and N-content, as well as medium coherency with the pH. Our objective was to determine the method with effectively the pre-treating of poultry feather for biogas production or composting and to prepare of the treated samples for N and C analyzing. Our next aims will be the elaboration of the technological parameters of heat pre-treatment and microbial digestion of poultry feather for biogas production. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document