Prevalence and Patterns of Risk of Osteoporosis in Bangladeshi Adult Population: An Analysis of Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound Measurements

(1) Objectives: A little is known about the prevalence of the “risk of osteoporosis (RO)” and the factors associated with RO among Bangladeshi adults. Using a cost-effective testing tool, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RO and find the association between age, gender, and morbidity with RO among adults in Bangladesh. (2) Results: Among 526 subjects, the prevalence of RO was 37.3%. Gender (p =< 0.001), age (p = 0.003), diabetes (p = 0.003), cardiovascular disease (p =< 0.001) and multimorbidity (p =< 0.001) were associated with RO. The causal relationships, by adjusting confounders in the associations of RO and other variables, were depicted graphically. (3) Conclusion: The pattern of association between gender and age with RO was different and exclusive. Different approaches might be needed to alleviate the high burden of RO considering the subjects’ age, gender, and multimorbidity.

Pre-screening for osteoporosis with calcaneus quantitative ultrasound and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone density

Calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) is a useful prescreening tool for osteoporosis, while the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the mainstream in clinical practice. We evaluated the correlation between QUS and DXA in a Taiwanese population. A total of 772 patients were enrolled and demographic data were recorded with the QUS and DXA T-score over the hip and spine. The correlation coefficient of QUS with the DXA-hip was 0.171. For DXA-spine, it was 0.135 overall, 0.237 in females, and 0.255 in males. The logistic regression model using DXA-spine as a dependent variable was established, and the classification table showed 66.2% accuracy. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with Youden’s Index revealed the optimal cut-off point of QUS for predicting osteoporosis to be 2.72. This study showed a meaningful correlation between QUS and DXA in a Taiwanese population. Thus, it is important to pre-screen for osteoporosis with calcaneus QUS.

Comparison Between Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound and the Gold Standard DXA In the Ability to Detect Osteoporosis in COPD Patients

IntroductionOsteoporosis is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with COPD that is usually underrecognized and hence undertreated. Compared to the gold standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), calcaneus quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is less expensive, more portable, and more accessible, especially in less developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of calcaneus QUS to detect osteoporosis in patients with COPD.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 67 males older than 50 years with clinically stable COPD. DXA scans of the lumbar spine (L2-4) and femoral neck were performed. QUS of the right calcaneus (AOS-100) were used to assess the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), osteo sono-assessment index (OSI), and T-score. When the T-score was ≤ − 2.5, osteoporosis was diagnosed by both DXA and QUS.ResultsForty-eight patients (71.6%) had DXA T-scores ≤ − 2.5 at either the lumbar spine or femoral neck. All QUS parameters (BUA, SOS, OSI, and T-score) could discriminate DXA-determined osteoporosis (the area under the curve varied from 0.64 to 0.83). The QUS T-score was significantly moderately correlated with the DXA T-score at both the femoral neck (r = 0.62) and lumbar spine (r = 0.53). The sensitivity and specificity of QUS in identifying osteoporosis were 10.4% and 94.7%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 83.3% and 29.5%, respectively.ConclusionThe calcaneus QUS T-score had the ability to identify osteoporosis with an acceptable level of accuracy. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the QUS T-score were not sufficiently high to serve as an alternative diagnostic tool to DXA.

Pre-screening for Osteoporosis with Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Bone Density

Calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) is a useful prescreening tool for osteoporosis, but the advantages of QUS and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) remain unclear. We evaluated the correlation between QUS and DXA in a Taiwanese population. A total of 772 patients were enrolled and demographic data were recorded with the QUS and DXA T-score over the hip and spine. The correlation coefficient of QUS with the DXA-hip was 0.171. For DXA-spine, it was 0.135 overall, 0.237 in females, and 0.255 in males. The logistic regression model using DXA-spine as a dependent variable was established, and the classification table showed 66.2% accuracy. ROC analyses with Youden’s Index revealed the optimal cut-off point of QUS for predicting osteoporosis to be 2.72. This study showed a meaningful correlation between QUS and DXA in a Taiwanese population. Thus, it is important to pre-screen for osteoporosis with calcaneus QUS.

Asupan isoflavon yang tinggi meningkatkan kepadatan tulang pada perempuan pascamenopause

LATAR BELAKANGPenderita osteoporosis di Indonesia didapatkan pada 32.3% perempuan yang berusia di atas 50 tahun. Banyak faktor mempengaruhi proses osteoporosis dan hormon estrogen dianggap berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya osteoporosis pada perempuan pascamenopause sehingga didapatkan prevalensi osteoporosis yang lebih tinggi. Isoflavon mempunyai struktur molekul yang mirip dengan estrogen dan menunjukkan efek sebagai fitoestrogen, diketahui banyak terdapat pada makanan yang berasal dari kacang kedelai. Makanan yang kaya isoflavon dapat memengaruhi proses remodelling tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara asupan isoflavon dan kepadatan tulang pada perempuan pascamenopause. METODEPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang dan menggunakan perempuan pascamenopause sebagai subjek penelitian. Asupan isoflavon dinilai dengan menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Pengukuran terhadap kepadatan tulang dilakukan pada tulang kalkaneus dengan menggunakan alat Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS). HASILSebanyak 92 perempuan pascamenopause memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan berpartisipasi sebagai subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi asupan isoflavon pada subjek didapatkan asupan isoflavon tinggi sebanyak 42 (45.7%) subjek, sedang sebanyak 31 (33.7%) subjek, dan 19 (20.6%) asupan isoflavon rendah. Distribusi kepadatan tulang pada perempuan pascamenopause didapatkan 18 subjek (19.6%) dengan kepadatan tulang normal, osteopenia sebanyak 45 (48.9%), dan 29 subjek (31.5%) mengalami osteoporosis. Analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan isoflavon dan kepadatan tulang pada perempuan pascamenopause (p=0.001; p<0.05). KESIMPULANPenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan isoflavon dan kepadatan tulang pada perempuan pascamenopause.