Operation Features of a Coaxial Virtual Cathode Oscillator Emitting Electrons in the Outer Radial Direction

The operation features of the coaxial virtual cathode oscillator emitting electrons in the outer radial direction were investigated through simulations and experiments. A coaxial vircator was compared with an axial vircator when the anode to cathode distance of both vircators was 6 mm. The proposed coaxial vircator was operated when the anode to cathode distance was 5 mm, 6 mm, and 7 mm. The peak power and frequency of the microwave generated from the proposed coaxial vircator when the anode to cathode distance was 6 mm were 20.18 MW and 6.17 GHz, respectively. The simulations and experiments show that the proposed coaxial vircator generates 80% more microwave power than the axial vircator with the same anode to cathode distance. According to the simulations and experiments, the proposed coaxial vircator tends to generate a higher power average when the anode to cathode distance was larger than 5 mm. The frequency of the proposed coaxial vircator when the anode to cathode distance was 5 mm and 7 mm was approximately 8 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. The geometric factor of the proposed coaxial vircator was considered to be the reason for the greater microwave power generation than the axial vircator. The frequency of the proposed coaxial vircator decreases inversely proportional with the anode to cathode distance as observed in the axial and basic coaxial vircators.

The irony of the magnet system for Kibble balances - a review

The magnet system is an essential component of the Kibble balance, a device that is used to realize the unit of mass. It is the source of the magnetic flux, and its importance is captured in the geometric factor $Bl$. Ironically, the $Bl$ factor cancels out and does not appear in the final Kibble equation. Nevertheless, care must be taken to design and build the magnet system because the cancellation is perfect only if the $Bl$ is the same in both modes: the weighing and velocity mode. This review provides the knowledge necessary to build a magnetic circuit for the Kibble balance. In addition, this article discusses the design considerations, parameter optimizations, practical adjustments to the finished product, and an assessment of systematic uncertainties associated with the magnet system.

PENGARUH FAKTOR GEOMETRIK SUMUR RESAPAN TERHADAP PERENCANAAN DIMENSI SUMUR RESAPAN DAN PENGURANGAN LIMPASAN PERMUKAAN

To solve the problem of flooding and to conserve groundwater, many infiltration wells have been built. The dimensions and number of infiltration wells are influenced by the geometric factor of an infiltration well. Therefore, this paper discusses the influence of infiltration well geometric aspect on the dimensional planning and the number of infiltration wells needed and feasible to build based on the existing land limitations. The planning of infiltration wells uses the Sunjoto method. The study location is in the UII integrated campus. The rainfall data were taken from the Prumpung station in 1998 - 2016. The more significant the infiltration well geometric factor, the smaller the number and dimensions of infiltration wells. For example, in the D3 Ekonomi complex, for a type of infiltration well with a diameter of 1.5 m and a height of 4 m, with "F = 2π" R, eight units are needed, while an infiltration well with "F = " "π" ^2 R require seven units. Likewise for other complexes. With the limited land available, the greater the infiltration well geometric factor used, the reduction in surface runoff is not much change, almost the same, namely 59.73 % with F = 2πR (or F=4.7124 m) and 59.79 % with F = π^2*R (or F=7.4022 m).

Justification of the approach for reducing the geometric factor variability of the air objects coordinates determination system using MLAT technology.

Estimating results of the MLAT technology capabilities regarding accuracy of air basing radio sources positioning using ADS-B system signals depending on receiving points system geometric configuration are presented. Based on the obtained results, geometric configuration parameters of the MLAT system which most significantly affect the accuracy of estimating the airborne sources coordinates in the monitoring area are identified. The variant of the receiving points placement in control area which ensures a decrease in uncertainty level regarding coordinate estimation accuracy is proposed.

3D-PLA-experimental set up to display the electrical background of the so-called geometric factor of electrokinetic cells

The so-called geometric factor defined in electrokinetic cells, L/S (L being the length and S the cross-section of the channel), is relevant for providing the surface interaction electrical potential (zeta...

A correction method based on geometric factor for resistivity log response of thinly laminated sand reservoirs: A case of study

Log response of thin oil layers is greatly subject to the environmental factors such as shoulder beds, resulting in error high enough to influence appraisal of rock lithology and fluid properties, and increasing the difficulty of interpretation of logging curves and the effective evaluation of thinly laminated sand. The development of high-resolution logging instruments and logging curve processing technology improves the resolution and accuracy of logs, but with some limitations. So far, geometric factor theory is an effective approximate approach for induction logging correction. Based on working principle of induction/resistivity log and previous studies, we develop a new model to correct resistivity log response of thin layers by taking advantage of geometric factor. This method can improve the accuracy of resistivity log for calculation of porosity and water saturation. The case study shows that more reliable resistivity can be acquired to better characterize thin layers.

Cementation exponent as a geometric factor for the elastic properties of granular rocks

A geometric factor properly describing the microstructure of a rock is compulsory for effective medium models to accurately predict the elastic and electrical rock properties, which, in turn, are of great importance for interpreting data acquired by seismic and electromagnetic surveys, two of the most important geophysical methods for understanding the earth. Despite the applications of cementation exponent for the successful modeling of electrical rock properties, however, there has been no demonstration of cementation exponent as the geometric factor for the elastic rock properties. We have developed a workflow to model the elastic properties of clean and normal granular rocks through the combination of effective medium modeling approaches using cementation exponent as the geometric factor. Based on the dedicated modeling approaches, we find that cementation exponent can be adequately used as a geometric factor for the elastic properties of granular rocks. Further results highlight the effects of cementation exponent on the elastic and joint elastic-electrical properties of granular rocks. The results illustrate the promise of cementation exponent as a geometric link for the joint elastic-electrical modeling to better characterize the earth through integrated seismic and electromagnetic surveys.