Lelliottia Rebaudianalis Sp. Nov. Isolated From Wild Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, chemoheterotrophic bacterium, characterized with rod shape and mobility, designated as LST-1T, was isolated from wild Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The LST-1T strain grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 6.0–7.0 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic sequence analysis based on 16S rDNA from LST-1 indicated that it is close to Lelliottia jeotgali (99.85%), Lelliottia nimipressuralis (98.82%), and Lelliottia amnigena (98.54%). Multi-locus sequence typing analysis of concatenated partial recA, atpD, and infB was performed to improve resolution, and clear distinctions between the closest related type strains were exhibited. Meanwhile, the results from average nucleotide identify analyses and DNA–DNA hybridization with four species (16S rDNA similarity > 98.65%) were less than 90% and 40% respectively, verifying the distinct characteristics from other species of Lelliottia, The cellular fatty acid profile of the strain consisted of C16:0, Summed Feature3, and Summed Feature8 (may be 16:1 w6c/16:1 w7c and 18:1 w6c) as major components. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid, three non-characteristic phospholipids, and a non-characteristic lipid. The genome of LST-1T is 4,611,055 bp, with a DNA G + C content of 55.02%. Combination of several phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics proved that the LST-1T strain does represent a novel genus, for which the name Lelliottia sp. LST-1 was proposed. The type strain is LST-1T (= CGMCC 1.19175T = JCM 34938T).

Fodinicola acaciae sp. nov., an Endophytic Actinomycete Isolated from the Roots of Acacia mangium Willd. and Its Genome Analysis

A novel endophytic actinomycete strain GKU 173T isolated from the roots of Acacia mangium Willd. showed potential plant growth promoting (PGP) activity. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene, indicated that strain GKU 173T was the most closely related to Fodinicola feengrottensis HKI 0501T—the only species in the genus Fodinicola. Morphology and chemotaxonomy of strain GKU 173T indicated that it belongs to the genus Fodinicola by having meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and xylose as the characteristic cell-wall sugars. The cellular fatty acid profile mainly comprised iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C18:0, and iso-C17:0. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6), and MK-9(H8). The main polar phospholipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Genome analysis signified DNA G+C content of 67.81 mol%. The level of digital DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GKU 173T and the type strain was 21.30%. On the basis of polyphasic characteristics, strain GKU 173T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Fodinicola, for which the name Fodinicola acaciae sp. nov. (= TBRC 10620T = NBRC 114213T) is proposed. Furthermore, genome analysis of both strains suggested that members of the genus Fodinicola are promising sources of beneficial PGP-actinomycetes and novel secondary metabolites.

Virgibacillus halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from a dairy product

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and weakly motile bacterium, designated WS 4627T, was isolated from a dairy product sample collected in southern Germany. Spherical to slightly ellipsoidal endospores were formed centrally or subterminally in sometimes slightly swollen sporangia. The isolate was able to grow at 8–35 °C, at pH 6.5–8.5 and with 0.5–16.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The diamino acid of the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid (peptidoglycan type A1γ) and the genomic DNA G+C content was 39.1 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-7, the cellular fatty acid profile contained major amounts of anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Strain WS 4627T was most closely related to ‘ Virgibacillus natachei’ FarD (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and ‘ Virgibacillus zhanjiangensis’ JSM 079157 (96.0 %). Based on the data presented, strain WS 4627T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus , for which the name Virgibacillus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS 4627T ( = DSM 25060T = LMG 26644T).

Tamlicoccus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater

A novel actinobacterial strain was isolated from a seawater sample collected on Mara Island, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells of this organism were aerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile cocci that occurred singly or in pairs. Colonies were circular, smooth, convex and white–cream in colour. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism belonged to the family Dermacoccaceae and formed a monophyletic clade between the type strains of Demetria terragena (96.8 % similarity) and Branchiibius hedensis (95.2 % similarity). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and serine, indicating that the isolate possessed peptidoglycan type A4α. The whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, ribose and rhamnose. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phospholipid and five unknown lipids. The cellular fatty acid profile was represented by large amounts of iso-methyl branched and monounsaturated iso- and anteiso-methyl branched acids, along with the presence of a diagnostic 10-methyl acid. The G+C content of the DNA was 71 mol%. On the basis of data from polyphasic analyses presented here, strain MSW-24T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Dermacoccaceae , for which the name Tamlicoccus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Tamlicoccus marinus is MSW-24T ( = KCTC 19485T = DSM 21415T).

Nocardioides mesophilus sp. nov., isolated from soil

A short coccoid- to rod-shaped, motile, mesophilic actinobacterium, strain MSL-22T, was isolated from soil on Bigeum Island, Korea. A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of this strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MSL-22T formed an evolutionary lineage within the radiation of the genus Nocardioides. In particular, it formed a monophyletic lineage with Nocardioides jensenii KCTC 9134T with which it shared the highest sequence similarity of about 97.3%. However, DNA–DNA relatedness demonstrated that strain MSL-22T was distinct from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MSL-22T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). Strain MSL-22T had a cellular fatty acid profile containing straight-chain, branched, unsaturated and 10-methyl fatty acids, with iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 68.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, the strain is separate from previously described members of the genus Nocardioides and represents a novel species in this genus, for which the name Nocardioides mesophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSL-22T (=DSM 19432T=KCTC 19310T).

Reclassification of Bacteroides ureolyticus as Campylobacter ureolyticus comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Campylobacter

The protein profiles, genomic amplified fragment length polymorphism patterns and 16S rRNA and cpn60 gene sequences of a diverse collection of 26 Bacteroides ureolyticus strains, along with published data on their DNA base, respiratory quinone and cellular fatty acid compositions, were used to reassess the taxonomy of this bacterial species. The results demonstrate that this organism is most appropriately allocated in the genus Campylobacter. The presence of much higher amounts of 18 : 1ω7c in its cellular fatty acid profile and its ability to digest gelatin and casein are the characteristics that differentiate it from present species of the genus Campylobacter. Therefore we propose to reclassify this species incertae sedis into the genus Campylobacter as Campylobacter ureolyticus with strain LMG 6451T (=CCUG 7319T =NCTC 10941T) as the type strain.

Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans sp. nov., a restricted facultatively methylotrophic marine bacterium

A novel restricted facultatively methylotrophic marine strain, MPT, possessing the ribulose monophosphate pathway of C1-carbon compound assimilation was isolated from a seawater sample obtained from Mokpo, South Korea. The novel isolate is aerobic, Gram-negative, asporogenous and a non-motile short rod. It grows well on methanol, methylated amines, dimethylsulfide and DMSO. Optimal growth occurs with 3 % NaCl at 30 °C and pH 7.0. Fructose is utilized as a multicarbon source. Growth factors are not required and vitamin B12 does not stimulate growth. The cellular fatty acid profile of the novel strain consists primarily of straight-chain saturated C16 : 0 and unsaturated C16 : 1 acids. The major ubiquinone is Q-8. The dominant phospholipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content is 44.9 mol% (T m). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA relatedness (25–41 %) with the type strains of marine methylotrophs belonging to the genus Methylophaga, it is suggested that isolate MPT represents a novel species, Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans sp. nov. (type strain MPT=KCTC 12909T=VKM B-2441T=JCM 14647T).

Mesorhizobium ciceri biovar biserrulae, a novel biovar nodulating the pasture legume Biserrula pelecinus L.

Biserrula pelecinus L. is a pasture legume species that forms a highly specific nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction with a group of bacteria that belong to Mesorhizobium. These mesorhizobia have >98.8 % sequence similarity to Mesorhizobium ciceri and Mesorhizobium loti for the 16S rRNA gene (1440 bp) and >99.3 % sequence similarity to M. ciceri for the dnaK gene (300 bp), and strain WSM1271 has 100 % sequence similarity to M. ciceri for GSII (600 bp). Strain WSM1271 had 85 % relatedness to M. ciceri LMG 14989T and 50 % relatedness to M. loti LMG 6125T when DNA–DNA hybridization was performed. WSM1271 also had a similar cellular fatty acid profile to M. ciceri. These results are strong evidence that the Biserrula mesorhizobia and M. ciceri belong to the same group of bacteria. Significant differences were revealed between the Biserrula mesorhizobia and M. ciceri in growth conditions, antibiotic resistance and carbon source utilization. The G+C content of the DNA of WSM1271 was 62.7 mol%, compared to 63–64 mol% for M. ciceri. The Biserrula mesorhizobia contained a plasmid (~500 bp), but the symbiotic genes were detected on a mobile symbiosis island and considerable variation was present in the symbiotic genes of Biserrula mesorhizobia and M. ciceri. There was <78.6 % sequence similarity for nodA and <66.9 % for nifH between Biserrula mesorhizobia and M. ciceri. Moreover, the Biserrula mesorhizobia did not nodulate the legume host of M. ciceri, Cicer arietinum, and M. ciceri did not nodulate B. pelecinus. These significant differences observed between Biserrula mesorhizobia and M. ciceri warrant the proposal of a novel biovar for Biserrula mesorhizobia within M. ciceri. The name Mesorhizobium ciceri biovar biserrulae is proposed, with strain WSM1271 (=LMG 23838=HAMBI 2942) as the reference strain.