Cytokine expression in the delayed-type hypersensitivity response of Peromyscus yucatanicus infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana that healed spontaneously / Expressão de citocinas na resposta de hipersensibilidade de tipo retardado de Peromyscus yucatanicus infectado por Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana que curou espontaneamente

Peromyscus yucatanicus tem sido empregado como modelo para estudar a leishmaniose tegumentar causada por Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana. No entanto, não há informações sobre a cura espontânea e a resposta imune associada nesses roedores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a expressão de citocinas na resposta de hipersensibilidade do tipo retardado de Peromyscus yucatanicus infectado por Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana que cicatrizou espontaneamente. Peromyscus yucatanicus (n = 40) foram inoculados com 2.5 × 106 parasitas na cauda e a evolução foi registrada semanalmente até o aparecimento das lesões ativas (Grupo I: não cicatrizadas) e até a cicatrização espontânea (Grupo II: cicatrizadas). Um grupo controle foi injetado com meio RPMI-1640. A resposta de hipersensibilidade do tipo retardado (DTH) e as expressões de citocinas (IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF) foram determinadas. A cura espontânea foi observada em 65% (13/20) dos P. yucatanicus do Grupo II. O grupo curado desenvolveu uma forte reação DTH que foi significativamente maior do que o grupo controle. Às 24 h, o IFN-γ foi altamente expresso na reação DTH de ambos os camundongos não curados e curados. IL-10 foi maior em camundongos curados em comparação com o grupo controle, enquanto a expressão de TNF foi maior em camundongos não curados. Em 48 h, INF-γ foi altamente expresso em camundongos não curados. A cicatrização espontânea de lesões cutâneas em P. yucatanicus foi associada à expressão de citocinas imunorreguladoras (IL-10) e efetoras (IFN-γ) na resposta DTH.

In vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Physalis angulata Concentrated Ethanolic Extract

The need for new immunomodulatory drugs is due to the side effects associated with the prolonged use of the currently used immunomodulatory drugs. In this context, the present work aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of an ethanolic concentrated extract from Physalis angulata. The cytotoxicity of samples was determined using peritoneal macrophages though the Alamar Blue assay. The immunomodulatory activity of the ethanolic extract from P. angulata on activated macrophages was determined by measurement of nitrite and cytokine production. The immunosuppressive effects of the ethanolic extract from P. angulata was evaluated on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. The effects of the extract on cell cycle progression and cell death on lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Lastly, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata was tested in vivo in toxicological tests and in models of peritonitis and delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The ethanolic extract from P. angulata decreased nitrite, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, and TNF-α production by activated macrophages without affecting the cell viability. In addition, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata inhibited lymphoproliferation and the secretion of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and IFN-γ, and increased interleukin-4 secretion by activated splenocytes. Flow cytometry analysis in lymphocyte cultures showed that treatment with the ethanolic extract from P. angulata induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase followed by cell death by apoptosis. Moreover, mice treated with the extract from P. angulata at 100 or 200 mg/kg did not show signs of toxicity or alterations in serum components. Finally, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata significantly reduced neutrophil migration and reduced paw edema in bovine serum albumin-induced the delayed-type hypersensitivity response model. Our results demonstrate the potential of the ethanolic extract of P. angulata as an alternative for the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases.

Short Communication: Stimulatory effect of Curcuma mangga on immune response against Staphylococcus aureus

Yuandani, Nugraha SE, Laila L, Silaban SD, Ramadhani F. 2020. Short Communication: Stimulatory effect of Curcuma mangga on immune response against Staphylococcus aureus. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 109-113. Recently, the ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga Val. rhizomes were found to have immunomodulatory activity by enhancing phagocytic ability. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of C. mangga rhizomes on antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity response in normal and doxorubicin-induced rats against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (bw) to rats for 72 hours prior to sensitization of Staphylococcus aureus, then continued for 14 days. Doxorubicin (4.67 mg/kg bw) was administered on days 8 and 11 to suppress the immune system. The antibody titer of normal and immune-suppressed rats after the treatment with C. mangga ethanolic extract was significantly higher than the rats with negative control (P<0.05). Ethanol extract of C. mangga also demonstrated stimulation on delayed-type hypersensitivity response which was indicated by the increase of paw volume. The extract at dose of 400 mg/kg bw showed higher immunostimulatory activity than Levamisole as a positive control. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of C. mangga shows immunostimulatory activity, confirming its potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent.

UJI IMUNOMODULATOR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT

Immunomodulator is a compound that can increaase the imuno system. One of the plants that have immunomodulator’s activity is Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus). the purpose of this research was to test the effect of immunomodulator by extract of Waru Leaf ethanol on rat male. The activity of immunomodulator was determined by using digital pletysmometer by measuring the differences between the last leg swelling’s volume and the first leg swelling’s volume. The treatment group were divided into 5 groups. Each group consistof 5 rats CMC-Na 0,5% (negative control), Stimuno® 32,5 mg/kgBW (positive control), dose of EEDW 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW, and bacteria E.coli as antigen. The results slowed that distribution of EEDW dose 200 mg/kgBW can give the effect of immunostimulant by swelling enthancement compared by CMC-Na 0,5 %. EEDW 200 mg/kgBW that have activity comparable with Stimuno® 32,5 mg/kgBW. Thus, it is concluded that of Waru Leaf extract has immunomodulator effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity response of rat male.

UJI IMUNOMODULATOR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS) DENGAN METODE HIPERSENSITIVITAS TIPE LAMBAT

Immunomodulator is a compound that can increaase the imuno system. One of the plants that have immunomodulator’s activity is Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus). the purpose of this research was to test the effect of immunomodulator by extract of Waru Leaf ethanol on rat male. The activity of immunomodulator was determined by using digital pletysmometer by measuring the differences between the last leg swelling’s volume and the first leg swelling’s volume. The treatment group were divided into 5 groups. Each group consistof 5 rats CMC-Na 0,5% (negative control), Stimuno® 32,5 mg/kgBW (positive control), dose of EEDW 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW, and bacteria E.coli as antigen. The results slowed that distribution of EEDW dose 200 mg/kgBW can give the effect of immunostimulant by swelling enthancement compared by CMC-Na 0,5 %. EEDW 200 mg/kgBW that have activity comparable with Stimuno® 32,5 mg/kgBW. Thus, it is concluded that of Waru Leaf extract has immunomodulator effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity response of rat male.

Polymorphic light eruption and IL-1 family members: any difference with allergic contact dermatitis?

PLE is considered a delayed-type hypersensitivity response (DTHR) against a putative ultraviolet (UV)-induced de novo antigen. The level of IL-36, in particular IL-36γ, is increased in patients’ skin and blood.