Recent Advances of Nanotechnology-Facilitated Bacteria-Based Drug and Gene Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment

Cancer is one of the most devastating and ubiquitous human diseases. Conventional therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most widely used cancer treatments. Despite the notable therapeutic improvements that these measures achieve, disappointing therapeutic outcome and cancer reoccurrence commonly following these therapies demonstrate the need for better alternatives. Among them, bacterial therapy has proven to be effective in its intrinsic cancer targeting ability and various therapeutic mechanisms that can be further bolstered by nanotechnology. In this review, we will discuss recent advances of nanotechnology-facilitated bacteria-based drug and gene delivery systems in cancer treatment. Therapeutic mechanisms of these hybrid nanoformulations are highlighted to provide an up-to-date understanding of this emerging field.

Diagnosis of Thermal Burn Damage to Respiratory Tract in Children with Severe Burns

Inhalation traumas occur in 10 - 30 of cases among patients with burns with this frequency of unfavorable outcomes of the diseases is 16% higher than in burns of the having the same area of damage. During a 3-year period, 28 children with deep burns of III-IV degree were treated at Burns Department of Republican Scientific Center of Urgent Medical Aid (RSCUMA), Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Performing sanation bronchoscopy, early respiratory supporting, rational anti-bacterial therapy and adequate nutritive supporting are the perspective way of the complex therapy for such type of the patients. Thus thermal damage to respiratory tract in combination with skin burns in children cause high letal outcome that requires to apply more informative method, i.e. of bronchoscopy which makes it possible to diagnose presence of thermal inhalation trauma, to determine prevalence and severity of damage, and to carry out medical manipulations as well.

Membranous nephropathy with pulmonary cryptococcosis with improved 1-year follow-up results: A case report

Cryptococcosis is frequently found in immunosuppressed patients. It is also a significant opportunistic infection in non-immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we present a rare case of membranous nephropathy (MN) with pulmonary cryptococcosis. A 33-year-old man with MN was referred to our hospital because of dyspnea and weakness for 1 week. Before the above symptoms occurred, the dose of Cyclosporin A was increased again for relapse of MN. Multiple massive or patchy high-density shadows were present on computed tomography of the lung. Initially the patient underwent empirical anti-bacterial therapy, which turned out to be ineffective. As the results of serum cryptococcal latex agglutination tests were positive, the administration of anti-fungal drugs was prescribed. The results of fungal culture and pathologic examination of the lung tissue revealed the findings consistent with Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was successfully treated with voriconazole followed by fluconazole with satisfactory result. Therefore, in patients with chronic kidney disease, lung lesions with poor bactericidal effects of cephalosporins need further examination to make sure whether there is pulmonary cryptococcosis. Early diagnosis and treatment might contribute to good results. It is a problem worthy of consideration that whether immunosuppressive agents need to be discontinued or not during antifungal therapy.

B-doped Core-Shell Fe@BC Nanozyme: Active Site Identification and Bacterial Inhibition

Rational design of nanozyme as a new “antibiotic” for bacterial therapy is of great allure for healthcare. Herein, B-doped core-shell Fe@BC nanozyme functioned with peroxidase-like activity for bacterial inhibition was...

Chronic adenoiditis

In addition to acute adenoiditis and adenoid hypertrophy/vegetation, chronic adenoiditis is another disease of the adenoids. However, most physicians overlook chronic adenoiditis or confuse it with adenoid hypertrophy/vegetation. The incidence of chronic adenoiditis has increased in recent years as a result of higher rates of chronic nasopharyngeal or upper airway infections. The clinical characteristics of chronic adenoiditis can include but are not restricted to the following: long-term infection (especially bacterial infection); obstruction of the upper airway; infections of adjacent regions, such as the nose, nasal sinus, pharyngeal space, middle ear, and atlantoaxial joint; induced upper airway cough syndrome; and the presence of several “infectious-immune” diseases, including rheumatic fever, autoimmune nephropathy, and anaphylactoid purpura. To date, no consensus on the treatment of chronic adenoiditis is available. However, adenoidectomy can address the local obstruction, and some patients benefit from systemic or local anti-bacterial therapy. Physicians in the Departments of Otolaryngology, Respiration, and Pediatrics should be familiar with the clinical manifestations of chronic adenoiditis and try to develop effective treatment methods for this disease.

Can the efficacy of anti-bacterial therapy of nosocomial infections be enhanced?

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