Living in a bottle: Bacteria from sediment-associated Mediterranean waste and potential growth on polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Ocean pollution is a worldwide environmental challenge that could be partially tackled through microbial applications. To shed light on the diversity and applications of the bacterial communities that inhabit the sediments trapped in artificial containers, we analyzed residues (Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and aluminum cans) collected from the Mediterranean Sea by scanning electron microscopy and Next Generation Sequencing. Moreover, we set a collection of culturable bacteria from the plastisphere that were screened for their ability to use PET as a carbon source. Our results reveal that Proteobacteria are the predominant phylum in all the samples and that Rhodobacteraceae, Woeseia, Actinomarinales, or Vibrio are also abundant in these residues. Moreover, we identified marine isolates with enhanced growth in the presence of PET: Aquimarina intermedia, Citricoccus spp., and Micrococcus spp. Our results suggest that the marine environment is a source of biotechnologically promising bacterial isolates that may use PET or PET additives as carbon sources.

Using Recycling Aluminum Cans as Composite Materials Aluminum Fiber

The sustained and developing construction industry needs a vast amount of material because it is becoming more extensive and sustainable day by day. Problems are also increasing in line with development. Many advanced composite materials and solutions are coming up in the current construction industry to solve these problems. However, these require more comfortable and extensive use. For that, we have to find out cheap and sustainable materials. This research paper aims to combine advanced materials and solutions to create more sustainable solutions and new material. That will enrich the industry and increase more use in the path of development of the construction industry. The factors that have to consider in doing so, these materials and solutions are how much economical, available in the market, able to solve chronic problems, easier to use, and sustainability. Recycled aluminum cans are going to be the material for this study.

What do Yellow Trash Containers Hide?

We do not know whether recycling will save us from environmental disaster. We believe, however, that segregating trash makes sense. From an early age, our children learn to link the colors of containers with various types of waste. Plastic bags, plastic bottles, metal caps, aluminum cans and milk cartons end up in yellow containers and bags every day. These few examples already show the diversity of these materials. According to the Resin Identification Code (RIC) system introduced in 1988, there are as many as seven codes to designate plastics alone. The waste we separate must therefore undergo another sorting process so that we can speak of proper recycling. How to do it? It turns out that an adequately designed camera is sufficient.

Leaching of BPA from Baby Feeding Bottle, Aluminium Can and Thermal Printed Paper: Application of Acridine Orange Oxidation Inhibition Method to Estimate BPA

The potential of leaching Bisphenol-A (BPA) from plastic baby feeding bottles, aluminum cans, and thermal printed receipts was investigated under the aquatic condition at high temperatures. BPA is often used to manufacture cross-linked epoxy resin to coat food cans to prevent direct contact with metals and plastic materials. BPA leached from consumer product was analyzed using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer based on the inhibitory effect of BPA on acridine orange oxidation, as a function of change in temperature and time of contact of water with the samples. The proposed method of BPA estimation method was found to be significant and useful for aquatic conditions without any extraction and/or derivatization. The detection limit of BPA under the current experimental setup was 0.1 ng/ml. The results of BPA leached from baby feeding PET bottles, aluminum can with epoxy resin lining, and thermal paper were 87±10 ng/bottles, 68±5 ng/bottle, and 110±15 ng/receipt under the current experimental conditions.

Effect of Different Types of Packaging Materials on the Shelf Life of Pasteurized Camel Milk

Nine types of packaging materials were tested on this study Included (I) Polyethylenetetraphthalate (PET) Bottle, (ii) Polypropylene (PP) Cup, (iii) polystyrene (PS) Cup, (iv) Low density polyethylene (LDPE) Bottle, (v) Light Proof Polyethyleneterephthalate(LPET) Bottle,(vi) High density Polyethylene(HDPE) Bottle, (vii) Aluminum Cans, (viii) Glass(Emerald Green) and (ix) Cartoon bottles (250 ml size) were dispensed in the aseptic condition with Pasteurized camel milk (80 ˚C,16s) for two seasons Summer and Winter and stored immediately inside the chiller at 5 ˚C for 30 days, The camel milk samples were examined for microbial quality, sensory evaluation, also food packaging materials were examined for overall migration test, approximate shelf life of the pasteurized camel milk at temperature 5 ˚C in all types of packaging materials in our study period 30 days, Sensory Evaluation results shown that there is significant differences within best packaging materials, so we can say best packaging materials not same in summer and winter. We see also the best packaging materials is not same in winter of all type of Sensory Evaluation with one ranking (PS, HDPE) respectively, but not difference in summer, so the best in winter is (PP - PS – PET) respectively, lastly the overall migration test analysis for the food packaging materials shown that there are no significant differences within packaging materials. So we can say responds in group equally at all packaging materials and all samples meets the specification limits as per Article 12, EU 10/2011.

Effect of Different Packaging Materials on Some Vitamins and Minerals of the Pasteurized Camel Milk

In this study the level of Pasteurized camel milk vitamins and minerals, vitamin A (Retinyl Acetate), Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), Selenium were monitored, Phosphorus and Calcium for 30 days period started day 0, through day 7, day 14, day 21 and day 30, different types of packaging materials (I) (PET) Bottle, (ii) (PP) Cup,(iii) (PS) Cup,(iv) (LDPE) Bottle,(v) (LPET) Bottle,(vi (HDPE) Bottle,(vii) Aluminum Cans, (viii) Glass(Emerald Green) and (ix) Cartoon bottles (250 ml size) were dispensed with the Pasteurized camel milk (80 ˚C, 16 s) at Aseptic condition and storage temperature 5 ˚C, to find out best packaging materials to transport high value from this nutrient to the end consumers, Result shown there is significant differences within packaging materials responds of test results about (Vitamin A), So The best packaging materials on Vitamin A of pasteurized Camel Milk is: Carton, Aluminum Can, Glass bottle) Respectively, Vitamin C shown significant differences within packaging materials responds of test results, So the best packaging materials on Vitamin C is:(Aluminum Can, Carton, Glass bottle) Respectively. Minerals results shown that there were no significant differences within packaging materials responds of test results about (Selenium (Se)) because the sig = (0.997) more than 0.05 and 0.01. so we can say responds in group equally at all packaging materials, Calcium results shown that there were significant differences within packaging materials, So the best packaging materials for Calcium (Ca) is:(HDPE, PET, LDPE) Respectively. Phosphorus also shown significant differences within packaging materials because the sig = (0.000) Less than 0.05 and 0.01. so responds in group not equally at all packaging materials, the best packaging materials on Phosphorous (P) s:(LDPE, HDPE, PET) respectively.

Wolf Use of Humanmade Objects During Pup-rearing

Some animals use humanmade objects for building and constructing nests or shelter and even for play. Gray wolves (Canis lupus) gather and use humanmade objects discovered in their natural environment. Gathering humanmade objects is a peculiar behavior particularly when there is no immediately apparent benefit to survival or reproduction. I opportunistically documented 46 different types of humanmade objects with plastic bottles and aluminum cans being the most common items found at wolf pup-rearing sites. Many objects were made of materials that appeared suitable to alleviate pain in teething pups. For some objects, however, it was not immediately obvious that they would alleviate teething pain due to their unpliable material. Additionally, such objects were quite rare in wolves’ natural environment although it was not uncommon to find them at pup-rearing sites. Rare humanmade objects may provide a novelty that stimulates pups more than common objects. I hypothesize that objects used by wolf pups 1) alleviate pain from teething, and 2) provide adults respite from energetic pups. The latter is an important distinction because it implies the benefit of object play is to the adults and not the pups per se. Gathering novel objects that occupy energetic and hungry pups may influence the overall ability of social carnivores to leave young unattended while they hunt, to rest upon their return, and ultimately rear young successfully.