scholarly journals Wolf Use of Humanmade Objects During Pup-rearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
David E. Ausband
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Object Play ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Common Items ◽  
Aluminum Cans ◽  
Peculiar Behavior

Some animals use humanmade objects for building and constructing nests or shelter and even for play. Gray wolves (Canis lupus) gather and use humanmade objects discovered in their natural environment. Gathering humanmade objects is a peculiar behavior particularly when there is no immediately apparent benefit to survival or reproduction. I opportunistically documented 46 different types of humanmade objects with plastic bottles and aluminum cans being the most common items found at wolf pup-rearing sites. Many objects were made of materials that appeared suitable to alleviate pain in teething pups. For some objects, however, it was not immediately obvious that they would alleviate teething pain due to their unpliable material. Additionally, such objects were quite rare in wolves’ natural environment although it was not uncommon to find them at pup-rearing sites. Rare humanmade objects may provide a novelty that stimulates pups more than common objects. I hypothesize that objects used by wolf pups 1) alleviate pain from teething, and 2) provide adults respite from energetic pups. The latter is an important distinction because it implies the benefit of object play is to the adults and not the pups per se. Gathering novel objects that occupy energetic and hungry pups may influence the overall ability of social carnivores to leave young unattended while they hunt, to rest upon their return, and ultimately rear young successfully.

A first genetic assessment of the newly introduced Isle Royale gray wolves (Canis lupus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Hervey ◽  
Linda Y. Rutledge ◽  
Brent R. Patterson ◽  
Mark C. Romanski ◽  
John A. Vucetich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Isle Royale ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Genetic Assessment

Effect of semen collection method on sperm motility of gray wolves (Canis lupus) and domestic dogs (C. l. familiaris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Christensen ◽  
Cheryl S. Asa ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Lindsey Vansandt ◽  
Karen Bauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Semen Collection

scholarly journals Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, Killed by Cougars, Puma concolor, and a Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos, in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jimenez ◽  
Valpa J. Asher ◽  
Carita Bergman ◽  
Edward E. Bangs ◽  
Susannah P. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Large Predators

Four cases where large predators caused Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) mortality are recorded. We describe two incidents of Cougars (Puma concolar) killing Wolves in Montana and one incident of a Cougar killing a Wolf in Alberta. We report the first recorded incident of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) killing a Wolf in the western United States.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Types of Packaging Materials on the Shelf Life of Pasteurized Camel Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elghali Mohamed Khalil Ayman Diaf Alla Ismail Alshikh ◽  
Ahmed Eltigani Almansoori Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Migration Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Food Packaging Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aluminum Cans

Nine types of packaging materials were tested on this study Included (I) Polyethylenetetraphthalate (PET) Bottle, (ii) Polypropylene (PP) Cup, (iii) polystyrene (PS) Cup, (iv) Low density polyethylene (LDPE) Bottle, (v) Light Proof Polyethyleneterephthalate(LPET) Bottle,(vi) High density Polyethylene(HDPE) Bottle, (vii) Aluminum Cans, (viii) Glass(Emerald Green) and (ix) Cartoon bottles (250 ml size) were dispensed in the aseptic condition with Pasteurized camel milk (80 ˚C,16s) for two seasons Summer and Winter and stored immediately inside the chiller at 5 ˚C for 30 days, The camel milk samples were examined for microbial quality, sensory evaluation, also food packaging materials were examined for overall migration test, approximate shelf life of the pasteurized camel milk at temperature 5 ˚C in all types of packaging materials in our study period 30 days, Sensory Evaluation results shown that there is significant differences within best packaging materials, so we can say best packaging materials not same in summer and winter. We see also the best packaging materials is not same in winter of all type of Sensory Evaluation with one ranking (PS, HDPE) respectively, but not difference in summer, so the best in winter is (PP - PS – PET) respectively, lastly the overall migration test analysis for the food packaging materials shown that there are no significant differences within packaging materials. So we can say responds in group equally at all packaging materials and all samples meets the specification limits as per Article 12, EU 10/2011.

Impacts of recolonizing gray wolves (Canis lupus) on survival and mortality in two sympatric ungulates

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 760-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Dellinger ◽  
C.R. Shores ◽  
M. Marsh ◽  
M.R. Heithaus ◽  
W.J. Ripple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Large Predators

There is growing recognition that humans may mediate the strength and nature of the ecological effects of large predators. We took advantage of ongoing gray wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) recolonization in Washington, USA, to contrast adult survival rates and sources of mortality for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) in areas with and without wolf packs in a managed landscape dominated by multiple human uses. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of wolves to the existing predator guild would augment predator-induced mortality rates for both ungulates. Source of mortality data from adult mule deer and white-tailed deer, respectively, revealed that wolf-related mortality was low compared with that inflicted by other predators or humans. Predator-caused mortality was largely confined to winter. There was little effect of wolf presence on adult deer mortality rates, and there was no difference in mortality between the two deer species relative to wolf-free or wolf-occupied sites. Although this study occurred early in wolf recovery in Washington, our results differ from those demonstrated for gray wolves in protected areas. Thus, we encourage further investigation of effects of direct predation by recolonizing large carnivores on prey in human-dominated landscapes.

Warning Visitors about the Potential Dangers of Dingoes on Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Porter ◽  
J. L. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Visitor Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media

Situations where potentially dangerous animals are habituated to park visitors occur around the world. Interpretation may reduce the risk to visitors in these areas by forewarning them of the dangers of these animals. When interpretation is used in these situations, the message must be disseminated, understood, and acted on by all visitors if it is to be successful. “Be Dingo-Smart” is an interpretive program that warns visitors about the dangers of dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (Australia). Our survey of campers to the Island found that different demographic groups of visitors paid attention to, read, or deliberately ignored the different types of media used in the program. When the media was read it increased people's knowledge about dingoes on Fraser Island. This finding suggests that interpreters need to use a range of media targeted to specific groups to overcome the differences in motivations and preferences of visitors when attempting to disseminate essential messages. Additionally when a range of media and messages are used, interpretation needs to be part of an integrated visitor management strategy.

Trajectories of Multiculturalism in Germany, the Netherlands and Canada: In Search of Common Patterns

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Winter
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Recent Immigration

AbstractIn the mid-1990s, Canadian scholarship introduced an important distinction between historically incorporated national minorities and ethnic groups emerging from recent immigration. While the former may be accommodated through federal or multinational arrangements, multiculturalism has come to describe a normative framework of immigrant integration. The distinction between these analytically different types of movements is crucial for Taylor's and Kymlicka's influential theories, but the relations between different types of national and ethnic struggles for rights and recognition have remained unexplored in much of the subsequent scholarly literature. This article starts from a theoretical position where different types of diversity are viewed as highly interdependent in practice. Tracing the trajectories of multiculturalism in three different countries, the article aims to identify common patterns of how changing relations between traditionally incorporated groups affect public perceptions of and state responses to more recent immigration-induced diversity. More specifically, it asks the following question: to what extent does the absence (in Germany), discontinuation (in the Netherlands) and exacerbation (in Canada) of claims on ethnocultural grounds by traditionally incorporated groups influence the willingness of the national majority/ies to grant multicultural rights to immigrants?

Intestinal parasites of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northern and western Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna M. Schurer ◽  
Michael Pawlik ◽  
Anna Huber ◽  
Brett Elkin ◽  
H. Dean Cluff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parasite Spillover ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum

Gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) are mobile opportunistic predators that can be infected by a wide range of parasites, with many acquired via predator–prey relationships. Historically, many of these parasites were identified only to genus or family, but genetic tools now enable identification of parasite fauna to species and beyond. We examined 191 intestines from wolves harvested for other purposes from regions in the Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Adult helminths were collected from intestinal contents for morphological and molecular identification, and for a subset of wolves, fecal samples were also analyzed to detect helminth eggs and protozoan (oo)cysts. Using both detection methods, we found that 83% of 191 intestines contained one or more parasite species, including cestodes (Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., and Diphyllobothrium sp.), nematodes (Uncinaria stenocephala Railliet, 1884, Trichuris spp., Physaloptera spp., and Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902)), a trematode (Alaria sp.), and protozoa (Sarcocystis spp., Giardia sp., and Cryptosporidium spp.). Molecular characterization identified one species of Diphyllobothrium (Diphyllobothrium latum (L., 1758) Cobbold, 1858), three species of Taenia (Taenia krabbei Moniez, 1879, Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1766, and Taenia multiceps Leske, 1786), and two Giardia duodenalis (Davaine) Deschiens, 1921 assemblages (B and C). These results demonstrate the diverse diet of wolves and illustrate the possibility of parasite spillover among wildlife, domestic animals, and people.

scholarly journals River Otter (Lontra canadensis) Killed by Wolves (Canis lupus) during Winter in Northern Minnesota

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Gable ◽  
Steve K. Windels ◽  
Ian C. Rautio
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Lontra Canadensis ◽  
River Otter ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Voyageurs National Park

Few accounts exist of Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) killing small sympatric mammalian predators. In January 2017, we observed a River Otter (Lontra canadensis) that had been killed by wolves on the ice in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. This is one of only a few documented instances of wolves killing otters.

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