Screening of Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) by Using Leaf Extract against Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Subtilis

Azadirachta Indica (Neem) is the member of the Meliaceae family. It is rich source of Antibacterial properties and Antioxidants. They have consist 65 biochemically active compounds. In ancient time plant and plant product are used for medicine. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is the most useful and traditional medicine used in India. They are also used in cosmetics and beauty aid. The demand of neem products are increasing day by day. In agricultural sector is now becoming a major consumer of the neem products. They also have use agricultural, Pesticides made from neem are product if natural plant origin. They are biodegradable and non-toxic. They do not have any side effects. It is widely used in Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic. All the Parts of neem plants like Neem leaves, Fruits, Seeds, Organic Product, Roots and Bark are utilized to make various medicine. But Neem leaves and its constituents have been shown to display many properties like- Antiulcer, Antimalarial, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antimutagenic and Anticarcinogenic. The present study was evaluate Antimicrobial activity of Neem extract against some pathogens. The Antibacterial effect of Azadirachta Indica against Gram Negative Bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram Positive Bacteria (Bacillus Subtilis) was determined using the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) on Agar Media by Disk Diffusion Method. The inhibition zone were measured in millimetre with the help of Zone Reader. The data show that the inhibition zone of Neem Extract were greater than each of Phytoconstituents 80mg/ml concentration was the more effective than 40 mg/ml and 20mg/ml was more effective than 10mg/ml.

Sürdürülebilir Bir Çevre İçin Biyopestisit Olarak Neem

Pesticides have both acute and chronic effects on humans and all other warm blooded living things. In pesticide applications, few of the amount used reaches the target organisms, whereas the rest mixes into the ecosystem and leads to the deterioration of the ongoing natural balance. Therefore, growing attention has been given toward the development of alternate environmentally friendly pesticides/insecticides that would aid an efficient pest management system and also prevent chronic exposures leading to diseases. In this context, plant-derived natural products are considered valuable candidates to reverse this negative trend. Botanical pesticides are relatively safe, degradable, and are readily available sources of biopesticides. Neem is an ideal alternative candidate as a natural non-synthetic plant pesticide. The neem products have been obtained from several species of neem trees in the family Meliaceae. Array of more than 300 bioactive compounds in the neem tree makes it a unique plant with potential applications in pest and vector management. Botanical pesticides, such as neem, have limited persistence in the environment, and ultraviolet light, temperature, rainfall and other environmental factors can degrade neem. Unlike toxic synthetic insecticides, neem materials do not kill the pest, but incapacitate or neutralize it via cumulative behavioural, physiological, and cytological effects. In spite of high selectivity, neem materials affect more than 400 harmful species including insect pests, phytophagous mites, mites, and ticks affecting man and animals, parasitic protozoans, noxious molluscs, plant parasitic nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and harmful bacteria and fungi. Neem ingredients affect insects in various ways such as repellent, antifeedant, toxic, fecundity and growth regulatory effects. This review presents an overview of recent advances in research on the environmental impact of neem products and their use and effectiveness as a biopesticide.

Foliar, Fruit, and Soil-Applied Organic Insecticides for Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Senegalese Mangoes

Since its invasion in Senegal (West Africa) in 2004, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, the oriental fruit fly, has caused loss of production of mango and other commercial fruits. The use of neem products (oil, cake, and seed powder) and kaolin may be an alternative to synthetic insecticides for controlling adult flies and larval-pupal stages and may contribute to integrated pest management tactics. In the laboratory, neem oil-treated fruit had the same number of landings and time spent on treated fruit as the control but showed reduced pupal development. Females selected kaolin-treated fruits for landing less often, with reduced pupal development. Soil treatment with neem cake and neem seed powder reduced pupal survival. In the field, neem treatment had a greater number of infested fruits and greater pupal development than the control, but fewer flies emerged. Kaolin was not different from the control in percent of infested fruits or pupal development, but fewer flies emerged. Neem cake and neem seed powder were found to lose efficacy in the field.