scholarly journals Finding feasible action towards urban transformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Patterson ◽  
Niko Soininen ◽  
Marcus Collier ◽  
Christopher M. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Transformation Pathways ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Urban Science ◽  
Inside View ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Feasible Action ◽  
Innovative Approaches

AbstractWhile innovative approaches to urban transformations are increasingly proposed, scholars often overlook challenges faced by endogenous actors (e.g. urban planners) tasked with taking action within non-ideal, real-world settings. Here we argue that an ‘inside’ view of transformations (focused on judgment in practice) is needed to complement existing ‘outside’ views (focused on assessment), where the feasibility of action becomes a central concern. This recasts urban transformations in a discretised perspective. It suggests a view of transformation pathways as both directed and stochastic, and emergent from an unfolding series of ‘fuzzy action moments’. Principles for bridging urban science and planning are derived.

Recurrent gestures

Gesture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
David McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inside View ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social Deixis ◽  
Interior View ◽  
Gesture Production

Abstract Using recurrent gestures as the model, this essay considers how an inside-looking-out view of speech-gesture production reflects the interactive-social exterior. The inside view may appear to ignore the social context of speaking and gesture, but this is far from the truth. What an exterior view sees as important appears in the interior but in a different way. The difference leads to misunderstandings of the interior view and what it does. It is not a substitute for the exterior. It is the interior reflecting the social exterior and shaping it to fit its own demands. Topics are: recurrent gestures; gesture-speech co-expressivity; expunged real-world goals; “in-betweenness”; phenomenological “inhabitance” and material carriers; metaphoricity and imagery; social deixis and social relations; realizations of the self; world-views; and lastly the want of mutual outside and inside intellectual perceptions and what can be done about it.

scholarly journals Re-energising the way we manage change in healthcare: the case for soft systems methodology and its application to evidence-based practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Augustsson ◽  
Kate Churruca ◽  
Jeffrey Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Soft Systems Methodology ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systems Methodology ◽  
Soft Systems ◽  
Implementation Effort ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
Taking Action

Abstract Background Updating, improving and spreading the evidence base for healthcare practices has proven to be a challenge of considerable magnitude – a wicked, multi-dimensional problem. There are many interlinked factors which determine how, why and whether any particular implementation effort or intervention succeeds. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), strongly grounded in systems ideas and complexity science, offers a structured, yet flexible process for dealing with situations that are perceived as problematical and in need of improvement. The aim of this paper is to propose the use of SSM for managing change in healthcare by way of addressing some of the complexities. The aim is further to illustrate examples of how SSM has been used in healthcare and discuss the features of the methodology that we believe can be harnessed to improve healthcare. Discussion SSM is particularly suited for tackling real world problems that are difficult to define and where stakeholders may have divergent views on the situation and the objectives of change. SSM engages stakeholders in a learning cycle including: finding out about the problematical situation, i.e. the context in which the problem exists, by developing a rich picture of the situation; defining it by developing conceptual models and comparing these with the real world; taking action to improve it by deciding on desirable and feasible improvements; and implementing these in an iterative manner. Although SSM has been widely used in other sectors, it has not been extensively used in healthcare. We make the case for applying SSM to implementation and improvement endeavours in healthcare using the example of getting clinicians at the hospital level to use evidence-based guidelines. Conclusion Applying SSM means taking account of the multi-dimensional nature of care settings, and dealing with entrenched and unique contexts, cultures and socio-political ecosystems – precisely those that manifest in healthcare. There are gains to be made in appreciating complexity and facilitating contextualization of interventions, and by approaching improvements in an iterative learning cycle.

scholarly journals Perspective: Hope for Health Equity

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rust, MD, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Real World ◽  
Collective Impact ◽  
The Face ◽  
Taking Action

<p class="Default">Times like these test the soul. We are now working for health equity in a time of overt, aggressive opposition. Yet, hope in the face of overwhelming obstacles is the force that has driven most of the world’s progress toward equity and justice. Operationalizing real-world hope requires an affirmative vision, an expectation of success, broad coalitions taking action cohesively, and frequent measures of collective impact to drive rapid-cycle improvement.</p><p class="Default"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(2):117-120; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.117</p>

Aspects of professional ethics in the real world

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
Declan Brady
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Practical Sense

Purpose This paper aims to describe a perspective from the Council of European Professional Informatics Societies (CEPIS) on the role of ethics in IT professionalism, and what that means in a practical sense for IT practitioners. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops ideas generated in a series of micro-conferences hosted by CEPIS on the topic of ethics, in the context of establishing a professional ethics framework as part of CEPIS’ work in support of IT professionalism. Findings Professional ethics is the weakest of the four professional pillars, and development of supports and resources is required. CEPIS is taking action in this areas. Practical implications Without a framework, and without IT Practitioners themselves taking a coordinated action, there risks a fragmentation of responses to ethical questions. Originality/value This paper describes the view of the CEPIS on the need for, and role of, professional ethics, and how that might be supported.

Innovative approaches to taking action on survey results

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Duffy ◽  
Shawn M. Del Duco ◽  
Paul M. Mastrangelo ◽  
Claire Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Survey Results ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Promoting Civic Thinking through Epistemic Game Play

2011 ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. S. Bagley ◽  
David Williamson Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Real World ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Civic Values ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Urban Science ◽  
Role Playing Game ◽  
The Many

A growing body of research suggests that computer games can help players learn to integrate knowledge and skills with values in complex domains of real-world problem solving (P. C. Adams, 1998; Barab et al., 2001; Gee, 2003; Shaffer et al., 2005; Starr, 1994). In particular, research suggests that epistemic games—games where players think and act like real world professionals—can link knowledge, skills, and values into professional ways of thinking (Shaffer, 2006). Here, we look at how a ten hour version of the epistemic game Urban Science developed civic thinking in young people as they learned about urban ecology by role-playing as urban planners redesigning a city. Specifically, we ask whether and how overcoming authentic obstacles from the profession of urban planning in the virtual world of a role playing game can link civic values with the knowledge and skills young people need to solve complex social and ecological problems. Our results from coded pre- and post-interviews show that players learned to think of cities as complex systems, learned about skills that planners use to enact change in these systems, and perhaps most important, learned the value of serving the public in that process. Two aspects of the game, tool-as-obstacle and stakeholders-as-obstacle, contributed to the development of players’ civic thinking. Thus, our results suggest that games like Urban Science may help young people—and thus help all of us—identify and address the many civic, economic, and environmental challenges in an increasingly complex, and increasingly urban, world.

scholarly journals Hunting for vital nodes in complex networks using local information

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Dong ◽  
Yuanzhu Chen ◽  
Terrence S. Tricco ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Ting Hu
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
The Real ◽  
And Function ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Taking Action

AbstractComplex networks in the real world are often with heterogeneous degree distributions. The structure and function of nodes can vary significantly, with vital nodes playing a crucial role in information spread and other spreading phenomena. Identifying and taking action on vital nodes enables change to the network’s structure and function more efficiently. Previous work either redefines metrics used to measure the nodes’ importance or focuses on developing algorithms to efficiently find vital nodes. These approaches typically rely on global knowledge of the network and assume that the structure of the network does not change over time, both of which are difficult to achieve in the real world. In this paper, we propose a localized strategy that can find vital nodes without global knowledge of the network. Our joint nomination (JN) strategy selects a random set of nodes along with a set of nodes connected to those nodes, and together they nominate the vital node set. Experiments are conducted on 12 network datasets that include synthetic and real-world networks, and undirected and directed networks. Results show that average degree of the identified node set is about 3–8 times higher than that of the full node set, and higher-degree nodes take larger proportions in the degree distribution of the identified vital node set. Removal of vital nodes increases the average shortest path length by 20–70% over the original network, or about 8–15% longer than the other decentralized strategies. Immunization based on JN is more efficient than other strategies, consuming around 12–40% less immunization resources to raise the epidemic threshold to $$\tau \sim 0.1$$ τ ∼ 0.1 . Susceptible-infected-recovered simulations on networks with 30% vital nodes removed using JN delays the arrival time of infection peak significantly and reduce the total infection scale to 15%. The proposed strategy can effectively identify vital nodes using only local information and is feasible to implement in the real world to cope with time-critical scenarios such as the sudden outbreak of COVID-19.

Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

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