scholarly journals TARNISHING THE IMAGE OF A POLITICAL OPPONENT AS A COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY OF DONALD TRUMP’S TWITTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Meleshchenko O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Global Strategy ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Rhetorical Features ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
Rational Reasoning ◽  
The Ideal

Purpose. At present when modern political leaders use the Internet service Twitter for strategic purposes, analysis of tarnishing the image of a political opponent as a communicative strategy becomes especially important. The aim of this article is to reveal cognitive (motivational and intentional), stylistic and rhetorical features of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent in Donald Trump’s twitting.Methods. This research is based on the inferential, definitional, and stylistic-rhetorical analyses.Results. The study analyzes the concepts of image, communicative strategy, and rhetorical technique. It makes a case for the negative evaluation as the key characteristic of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent. The analysis of the strategic organization of Trump’s Twitter-based Internet discourse has determined the strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent as a local one. This local strategy is subordinate to the global strategy of Trump’s twitting that aims to exert communicative influence in order to seize and retain political power. Within this local strategy, I further specify the sub-strategies of disqualification, discrediting, and discrimination, which are differentiated according to the type of the evaluation they rest on. The disqualification sub-strategy is based on the negative teleological evaluation of a political opponent, which highlights the incompatibility of his/her business, professional, and intellectual features with the image of the ideal politician. The discrediting sub-strategy is rooted in the negative ethical evaluation of a political opponent as being incompatible with the image of the ideal politician according to his/her moral/ethical features. The discrimination sub-strategy is based on the negative normative evaluation of a political opponent as belonging to a negatively assessed socio-political category, which indicates that he/she does not qualify for the ideal politician. These sub-strategies are implemented by the rhetorical techniques of influencing the addressee, which are differentiated according to the influence on different spheres of the human psyche they impact on: argumentation (the sphere of rational reasoning), declaration, and emotive contagion (emotions and feelings), and instruction (volition).Conclusions. The analysis of cognitive (motivational and intentional) characteristics of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent allows to define it as a local one in the strategic organization of Trump’s twitting. This local strategy is realized through the sub-strategies of disqualification, discrediting, and discrimination, which are further implemented by rhetorical techniques of influencing the addressee. The analysis of the disqualification sub-strategy showed that Trump uses several rhetorical techniques simultaneously within one tweet, exerting communicative influence on different spheres of the addressee’s psyche.Key words: communicative influence, image of a politician, negative evaluation, rhetorical technique, strategic organization of discourse, Twitter. Мета. В умовах стратегічного використання інтернет-сервісу «Твітер» сучасними політичними лідерами вивчення руй-нування іміджу політичного опонента як комунікативної стратегії політичного твітінгу набуває особливого значення. Метою статті є встановлення когнітивних (мотиваційно-інтенціональних) та стилістично-риторичних характеристик комунікативної стратегії руйнування іміджу політичного опонента у твітінгу Дональда Трампа.Методи. В основу методики дослідження було покладено інференційний аналіз, який доповнюється дефініційним і сти-лістично-риторичним аналізами.Результати. У межах проведеного дослідження проаналізовано поняття іміджу, комунікативної стратегії, риторичної тех-ніки, обґрунтовано негативну оцінку як ключовий параметр стратегії руйнування іміджу політичного опонента. Аналіз стра-тегічної організації інтернет-дискурсу Д. Трампа на базі твітеру дозволив визначити стратегію руйнування іміджу політичного опонента як локальну стратегію, що підкорюється глобальній стратегії усього твітінгу Д. Трампа – спричиненню комуніка-тивного впливу з метою захоплення й утримання політичної влади. У межах локальної стратегії руйнування іміджу політич-ного опонента виокремлено субстратегії дискваліфікації, дискредитації й дискримінації. Критерієм їх розмежування виступає тип оцінки. В основі субстратегії дискваліфікації лежить негативна телеологічна оцінка політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його ділові, професійні та інтелектуальні якості. Вони свідчать про невідповідність політичного опонента еталону політика за телеологічними чинниками. Субстратегія дискредитації ґрунтується на негативній етичній оцінці політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його поведінка, яка свідчить про невідповідність еталону політика за морально-етичними чинникам. Основою субстратегії дискримінації є демонстрація негативної нормативної оцінки політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його прина-лежність до негативно оцінюваної соціально-політичної категорії, що свідчить про його невідповідність еталону політика за нормативними чинниками. Інструментом реалізації цих субстратегій виступають риторичні техніки впливу на адресата, роз-межовані за критерієм впливу на різні сфери психіки: доведення (раціональне мислення), декларування й емотивне зараження (сфера емоцій і відчуттів), спонукання (волевиявлення).Висновки. Проведений аналіз когнітивних (мотиваційно-інтенціональних) характеристик комунікативної стратегії руйну-вання іміджу політичного опонента дозволяє визначити її як локальну стратегію у стратегічній організації твітінгу Д. Трампа. Ця локальна стратегія втілюється субстратегіями дискваліфікації, дискредитації й дискримінації, які реалізуються риторични-ми техніками впливу на адресата. Аналіз субстратегії дискваліфікації показав, що Д. Трамп використовує одночасно декілька риторичних технік у межах одного твіту, справляючи комунікативний вплив на різні сфери психіки адресата.Ключові слова: імідж політика, комунікативний вплив, негативна оцінка, риторична техніка, стратегічна організація дис-курсу, твітер.

scholarly journals Communicative strategy of promoting Donald Trump’s positive image in political twitting

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
American Society ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Communicative Role ◽  
Rational Reasoning

This article focuses on the communicative strategy of promoting Donald Trump’s positive image in political twitting. It analyses the concepts of political twitting, image, and communicative strategy. It also investigates the hierarchical organization of the global communicative strategy of political discourse that aims to exert communicative influence in order to seize and retain political power. In the article, I determine the place occupied in this hierarchy by the local strategy of promoting a positive image as well as its subordinate local sub-strategies and rhetorical techniques implementing them. The local sub-strategies are differentiated according to the type of values. These values underlie the various communicative roles which altogether make up the image. The sub-strategies of the patriotism demonstration (that renders the communicative role of the PATRIOT) and the faith demonstration (that stands for the communicative role of the BELIEver) are rooted in ethical values. The sociocultural values of masculine American society underlie the sub-strategies of the economic efficiency demonstration (rendering the communicative role of the EFFicient ECONOMIC MANAGER), the power demonstration (suggesting the communicative role of the tough POLITICAL LEADER), and the demonstration of popularity (standing for the communicative role of the POPULAR POLITICAL LEADER). The familiarization with the electorate sub-strategy (that renders the communicative role of the buddy) is based on social group values. These sub-strategies are implemented by the rhetorical techniques of influencing the addressee, focused on different spheres of the human psyche: the sphere of rational reasoning (argumentation), emotions and sensations (declaration and emotive contagion), and volition (instruction). The dominant communicative role of Trump is of the PATRIOT, which is built on the basis of the sub-strategy of the patriotism demonstration. Its analysis ascertains that these rhetorical techniques are predominantly interwoven within one tweet, simultaneously affecting several spheres of the recipient’s psyche.

scholarly journals The strategy of demagoguery in Donald Trump’s thankful speech

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Specific Strategy ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Views ◽  
National Convention ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is focused on identifying local and speech strategies (tactics) that are subjected to the global strategy of demagoguery in American political discourse. The article concerns analysis of the definitions and synonyms of the term demagoguery. Such analysis confirmed the appropriateness of considering demagoguery as a specific strategy of political discourse. The results of the research ascertain that the term demagoguery is perceived differently in Ukrainian and English linguistic cultures. Ukrainians perceive demagoguery as a tool for deceiving and manipulation, while Englishmen think of it as of a method of leading a political game and broadening the voter base. The recipients of demagoguery in Ukrainian linguistic culture are uneducated groups of people, while in English linguistic culture the recipient is the people as a whole. Demagoguery as a specific strategy of political discourse is mainly used to influence the electorate through appealing to the feelings, instincts, and prejudices and through forming required political views and preferences. The analysis of the American sociologists’ works enabled us to identify the main features of demagoguery. They are the following: the focus on broadening the audience, using propaganda for manipulating the masses and entertaining character. Analysis of empirical evidence, Donald Trump's thankful speech, which was given at the Republican national convention in 2016, allows us to single out local strategies of demagoguery. The local strategies of demagoguery, which are typical for American political discourse, are the following: populism, manipulation, subjectivation, fascination, and information simplification. Moreover, the article identifies and describes speech tactics that are typical for each local strategy. Among them, there are tactics of empty promises, lies, accusing, ridicule, using slogans, vulgarization, intimidation, and a tactic of finding a scapegoat. The research also concerns analysis of the linguistic means used for the realization of every local strategy and speech tactic. The most frequently used linguistic means are usage of expressive language with positive and negative meaning, repetition, anthroponomy, and subjectivation.

The Christian Right: Engaged Citizens or Theocratic Crusaders?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J. Klemp
Keyword(s):  
Christian Right ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Focus On The Family ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Open Debate ◽  
Primary Problem ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThis article offers a normative evaluation of the Christian Right's impact on American democracy. It argues that our response to the question of whether this movement enhances or diminishes democracy turns on our understanding of the ideal of democracy. When viewed as a participatory ideal, the Christian Right's mobilizing practices enhance democracy. When viewed as a deliberative ideal, the Christian Right's practices diminish the deliberative virtues of toleration and free and open debate. These conflicting assessments point to an important democratic paradox. They show that the very same practices that inspire the participatory virtues of active political engagement also incite the deliberative vices of intolerance and polarization. To address this paradox, I argue that we ought to strive for a balance between pure participation and pure deliberation. The primary problem with Christian Right organizations like Focus on the Family, I will argue, is that they tend to disrupt this balance. They inspire active participation at the expense of deliberation.

TWO LOCAL STRATEGY ITERATION SCHEMES FOR PARITY GAME SOLVING

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVER FRIEDMANN ◽  
MARTIN LANGE
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Fractional Part ◽  
Program Synthesis ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Local Algorithm ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Parity Games ◽  
Satisfiability Checking

The problem of solving a parity game is at the core of many problems in model checking, satisfiability checking and program synthesis. Some of the best algorithms for solving parity game are strategy iteration algorithms. These are global in nature since they require the entire parity game to be present at the beginning. This is a distinct disadvantage because in many applications one only needs to know which winning region a particular node belongs to, and a witnessing winning strategy may cover only a fractional part of the entire game graph. We present two local strategy iteration algorithms which explore the game graph on-the-fly whilst performing the improvement steps. We also compare them empirically with existing global strategy iteration algorithms and the currently only other local algorithm for solving parity games. It turns out that local strategy iteration can outperform these others significantly.

EXPRESS: The Logic of Strategic Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 147612702110575
Author(s):  
Mohammad Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Type Theory ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Strategic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Sustained Competitive Advantage ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
The Ideal

In this essay I attempt to clarify the construct of strategic entrepreneurship from a new angle. By comparing the ideal-type theory of strategy without entrepreneurship with the ideal-type theory of entrepreneurship without strategy, I shed light on what it means to combine the logics of entrepreneurship and strategy and illustrate the value of their complementarity. Entrepreneurship is blind without strategy and strategy is paralyzed without entrepreneurship. I further argue that many proponents of strategic entrepreneurship and action-based theories of strategy have prematurely given up on the idea of sustained competitive advantage. Disequilibrium and uncertainty do not automatically mean that no predictable and stable patterns can be relied upon for sustained competitive advantage.

Materializing Strategy in Mundane Tools: the Key to Coupling Global Strategy and Local Strategy Practice?

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Arnaud ◽  
Colleen E. Mills ◽  
Céline Legrand ◽  
Eric Maton
Keyword(s):  
Global Strategy ◽  
Local Strategy

scholarly journals FENOMENA BODY DISSATISFACTION PADA PEREMPUAN ANGGOTA FITNESS CENTRE

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Happy Yuanita ◽  
Monique Elizabeth Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Weight One ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Ideal

Body dissatisfaction is a negative evaluation of the body that occurs due to the difference between the real body size and shape and the ideal one. Many women are dissatisfied with their body shape, which can be caused by the physical changes in each developmental stages and the prevailing beauty standard. One criteria of a beautiful woman is slim body. Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most common standard to evaluate one’s body weight. One effort many women do to achieve the ideal body shape and weight is to exercise in fitness centre. This study was aimed to evaluate the differences in body dissatisfaction among women who were members of fitness centre in terms of the developmental stages and level of obesity. Subjects were 150 women who became a member of fitness centre "X". Researchers used Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to measure the level of body dissatisfaction. The results of this study showed that there was a difference of body dissatisfaction among women who were members of fitness centre “X” in terms of developmental stages (chi square= 34.799, sig.= .000 (< .05)) and level of obesity (chi square= 32.134, sig.= .000 (< .05)). Highest level of body dissatisfaction was experienced by adolescent subjects, whereas the lowest one by middle adulthood subjects. Moreover, it was also found that subjects with obesity I and overweight experienced the highest level of body dissatisfaction.Abstrak: Body dissatisfaction adalah evaluasi negatif terhadap tubuh yang terjadi karena adanya perbedaan antara ukuran dan bentuk tubuh yang dimiliki saat ini dengan ukuran dan bentuk tubuh yang ideal. Banyak perempuan yang merasa tidak puas terhadap bentuk tubuh yang mereka miliki yang dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan fisik pada setiap tahap perkembangan dan standar kecantikan yang berlaku. Salah satu kriteria dari perempuan yang dianggap cantik adalah perempuan yang langsing. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan standar yang paling umum untuk menilai berat badan seseorang. Salah satu usaha yang dilakukan banyak perempuan untuk mendapatkan bentuk tubuh dan berat badan yang ideal adalah berolahraga di fitness centre. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan body dissatisfaction pada perempuan anggota fitness centre ditinjau dari tingkat kegemukan dan tahapan perkembangan. Subjek penelitian adalah 150 perempuan yang menjadi anggota di pusat kebugaran ”X”. Peneliti menggunakan Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) untuk mengukur tingkat body dissatisfaction. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan body dissatisfaction pada perempuan anggota fitness centre ditinjau dari tahapan perkembangan (chi square= 34.799, sig.= .000 (< .05)) dan tingkat kegemukan (chi square= 32.134, sig.= .000 (< .05)). Body dissatisfaction tertinggi dialami oleh subjek penelitian remaja dan terendah oleh dewasa madya. Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa body dissatisfaction tertinggi dialami oleh subjek dengan tingkat kegemukan obesitas I dan overweight. 

Using Only Elastic Stiffness in Nonlinear and Postbuckling Analysis of Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Yang ◽  
Anquan Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Yan ◽  
Zhilu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Stiffness Parameter ◽  
Structural Geometry ◽  
Path Tracing ◽  
Geometric Stiffness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Number Of Iterations

This paper presents a new attempt for geometric nonlinear and postbuckling analysis of structures using only elastic stiffness. This can be achieved not without reasons. Aside from a correct updating of the structural geometry in the incremental sense, there are two concerns for iterations: (i) The local strategy is that the element forces recovered in each iteration should not violate the rigid body rule, in order not to induce any fictitious forces. (ii) The global strategy is that the path-tracing scheme should be able to deal with multi critical points, such as limit and snap-back points. Both strategies will be explained via the mechanism of iterations, which seems not new, but can shed some new lights. The results obtained using only the elastic stiffness will be compared with the normal case including the geometric stiffness, with the level of approximation assessed by the general stiffness parameter (GSP). Through the study of a number of trusses, beams and shell structures, it is confirmed that the elastic stiffness alone can be used to solve the nonlinear and postbuckling responses of a wide range of structures, with only an increase in the number of iterations. This paper represents a limit application of the elastic stiffness to nonlinear structural analysis.

scholarly journals SPEECH IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LOCAL STRATEGY OF SOCIAL (INTERPERSONAL) INTEGRATION IN LARRY KING TALK SHOW

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
Myroslava Kiriienko
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Talk Shows ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Means

This article is devoted to the study of specific features of the speech implementation of the local strategy of social (interpersonal) integration. In Larry King talk show it is expressed by the usage of the tactics which help to attract the addressee into cooperation, assertion of group identity, appealing to common background knowledge and values, mutual expectation. The author clearly describes each of the tactics used within the researched strategy and outlines how they contribute to the course of the successful communication. The definition of the linguistic means that enable the implementation of one or another tactic in the studied talk show is also represented in this piece of work. The researcher concludes that the local strategy of social (interpersonal) integration in Larry King talk shows is aimed at demonstrating the unity of actions, thoughts, views, interests of the interviewer and the interviewee. Using the tactics that give both the addressee and the addresser an opportunity to organize the flow of their communication successfully, they achieve a positive result in the exchange of the necessary information. It should be also stated that correlation of these tactics in accordance with the global strategy of politeness is predetermined by a number of features of the talk show discоurse.

scholarly journals The Communicative Strategy of Self-Presentation in Female Dialect Discourse (Based on Autobiographical Stories)

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Demeshkina ◽  
◽  
Maria A. Tolstova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
Subjective Information ◽  
Presentation Strategy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Communicative Strategy

The article examines the communicative strategy of self-presentation in female dialect discourse. Female dialect discourse is understood as a gender-marked type of dialect discourse. On the one hand, it incorporates all the features of dialect discourse; on the other, it has a number of features due to the gender of the subject. The sources of the study were oral autobiographical stories recorded during dialectological expeditions organized by the staff of Tomsk State University from 1946 to the present time in the areas where Russian old-timer dialects of the Middle Ob region are in use. The description of self-presentation strategy tactics in the female dialect discourse includes the following stages: identification and typification of the main tactics; analysis of their content; description of their linguistic expression. Based on the nature of the data provided (presence or absence of a subjective evaluative component), the authors identified the key tactics implementing the strategy of self-presentation: transferring objective information and transferring subjective information. The tactic of transferring objective information about oneself involves the transfer of factual information of a logical nature, which is based on facts: age, marital status, presence/absence of children, profession, place of residence, etc. The tactic of transferring subjective information contains the respondent’s evaluation of their appearance, character traits, intellectual level, life experience, description of the emotional state, interests, demonstration of attitudes. A positive impression of oneself in female dialect discourse is verbalized through the creation of a worthy image that corresponds to social and moral norms. Women demonstrate the following character traits and life principles: diligence, honesty, decency, calm temper, cleanliness, hospitality, negative attitude to alcohol, etc. Life values and principles are expressed through a positive description of close relatives, contrast with other people, negative evaluation or condemnation of actions and moral qualities of other people. The transmission of negative information about oneself is associated with evaluations of one’s intelligence, memory, speech abilities, appearance, age-related changes, as well as the informants’ belonging to rural culture, low educational level, lack of qualifications and profession. The communicative self-presentation strategy tactics in female dialect discourse are verbalized using multilevel linguistic means: evaluative vocabulary, metaphors, comparisons, numerals, adverbs, and various types of statements.

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