prosthesis design
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Author(s):  
Chiara Fanciullacci ◽  
Zach McKinney ◽  
Vito Monaco ◽  
Giovanni Milandri ◽  
Angelo Davalli ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Transfemoral amputees experience a complex host of physical, psychological, and social challenges, compounded by the functional limitations of current transfemoral prostheses. However, the specific relationships between human factors and prosthesis design and performance characteristics have not yet been adequately investigated. The present study aims to address this knowledge gap. Methods A comprehensive single-cohort survey of 114 unilateral transfemoral amputees addressed a broad range of demographic and clinical characteristics, functional autonomy, satisfaction and attitudes towards their current prostheses, and design priorities for an ideal transfemoral prosthesis, including the possibility of active assistance from a robotic knee unit. The survey was custom-developed based on several standard questionnaires used to assess motor abilities and autonomy in activities of daily living, prosthesis satisfaction, and quality of life in lower-limb amputees. Survey data were analyzed to compare the experience (including autonomy and satisfaction) and design priorities of users of transfemoral prostheses with versus without microprocessor-controlled knee units (MPKs and NMPKs, respectively), with a subsequent analyses of cross-category correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), cost-sensitivity segmentation, and unsupervised K-means clustering applied within the most cost-sensitive participants, to identify functional groupings of users with respect to their design priorities. Results The cohort featured predominantly younger (< 50 years) traumatic male amputees with respect to the general transfemoral amputee population, with pronounced differences in age distribution and amputation etiology (traumatic vs. non-traumatic) between MPK and NMPK groups. These differences were further reflected in user experience, with MPK users reporting significantly greater overall functional autonomy, satisfaction, and sense of prosthesis ownership than those with NMPKs, in conjunction with a decreased incidence of instability and falls. Across all participants, the leading functional priorities for an ideal transfemoral prosthesis were overall stability, adaptability to variable walking velocity, and lifestyle-related functionality, while the highest-prioritized general characteristics were reliability, comfort, and weight, with highly variable prioritization of cost according to reimbursement status. PCA and user clustering analyses revealed the possibility for functionally relevant groupings of prosthesis features and users, based on their differential prioritization of these features—with implications towards prosthesis design tradeoffs. Conclusions This study’s findings support the understanding that when appropriately prescribed according to patient characteristics and needs in the context of a proactive rehabilitation program, advanced transfemoral prostheses promote patient mobility, autonomy, and overall health. Survey data indicate overall stability, modularity, and versatility as key design priorities for the continued development of transfemoral prosthesis technology. Finally, observed associations between prosthesis type, user experience, and attitudes concerning prosthesis ownership suggest both that prosthesis characteristics influence device acceptance and functional outcomes, and that psychosocial factors should be specifically and proactively addressed during the rehabilitation process.


Author(s):  
ELIEL EDUARDO MONTIJO-VALENZUELA ◽  
Alan Gustavo Ruiz Navarro ◽  
Abraham Silva Contreras ◽  
Javier Alejandro Ruvalcaba Aranda

This article presents the results of the static, thermal and stress analysis for a prosthesis design with veterinary applications based on a female Cervus nippon as the subject of study, in order to restore the quality of life to those animals that have suffered an amputation and also regain the ability to carry out your activities throughout your life. In the model developed for this article, the aim is to provide an alternative to the rigid prostheses that are currently being used.            


2021 ◽  
pp. 2793-2802
Author(s):  
Paul G. Arauz ◽  
Patricio Chiriboga ◽  
María-Gabriela García ◽  
Imin Kao ◽  
Eduardo A. Díaz

Although only a few studies have investigated about the development of animal prosthesis, currently, there is an increasing interest in canine limb prosthesis design and its clinical application since they offer an alternative to killing the animal in extreme situations where amputating the limb is the only option. Restoring normal function of amputated canine limbs with the use of a prosthesis is challenging. However, recent advances in surgical procedures and prosthesis design technology appear promising in developing devices that closely recreate normal canine limb function. Surgical advances such as evolution of osseointegration (bone-anchored) prostheses present great promise. Likewise, modern computer-aided design and manufacturing technology, as well as novel motion analysis systems are now providing improved prosthesis designs. Advances in patient-customized prostheses have the potential to reduce the risk of implant failure. The objective of this investigation is to present a general review of the existing literature on modern surgical approaches, design and manufacturing methods, as well as biomechanical analyses so that veterinarians can make more and better-informed decisions on the development and selection of proper canine limb prosthesis. Isolated research efforts have made possible an improvement in stability, comfort, and performance of canine limb prosthesis. However, continued multidisciplinary research collaboration and teamwork among veterinarians, engineers, designers, and industry, with supporting scientific evidence, is required to better understand the development of canine limb prosthesis designs that closely replicate the normal limb function.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5045
Author(s):  
Abdallah Shokry ◽  
Hasan Mulki ◽  
Ghais Kharmanda

The mechanical properties of bone tissues change significantly within the bone body, since it is considered as a heterogeneous material. The characterization of bone mechanical properties is necessary for many studies, such as in prosthesis design. An experimental uniaxial compression study is carried out in this work on bovine cortical bone tissue in long bones (femur and tibia) at several speeds to characterize its anisotropic behavior. Several samples from different regions are taken, and the result selection is carried out considering the worst situations and failure modes. When considering different displacement rates (from 0.5 to 5 mm/min), three findings are reported: The first finding is that the behavior of bone tissues in radial and tangential directions are almost similar, which allows us to consider the transversal isotropic behavior under static loads as well as under dynamic loads. The second finding is that the failure stress values of the longitudinal direction is much higher than those of the radial and tangential directions at low displacement rates, while there is no big difference at the high displacement rates. The third finding is a new mathematical model that relates the dynamic failure stress with the static one, considering the displacement rates. This model is validated by experimental results. The model can be effectively used in reliability and optimization analysis in prosthesis design, such as hip prosthesis.


Author(s):  
E. Pozo ◽  
E. Medina ◽  
A. Pazmiño

The objective was to build a prosthesis with its elements such as socket, forearm and hand. The prostheses that are below the elbow generated the motivation for the investigation, being an important factor the correct adaptation of the socket to the stump in a personalized way creating an adjustment due to the vacuum that is generated between these elements, without the need to use a harness. For the design and construction of the prosthesis prototype, a Kinect device was used to obtain a point cloud of the geometric model, the alginate for the manufacture of the mold and plaster that is used to obtain the shape of the hand. The result is an individualized prosthesis design built based on the patient's own dimensions and validated using finite elements; with the purpose of making changes and improvements in the design, to have a prosthesis of easy placement and use. Keywords: prosthesis, socket, stump, finite elements, kinect. Resumen El objetivo fue construir una prótesis con sus elementos como son socket, antebrazo y la mano. Las prótesis que estén por debajo del codo genero la motivación de la investigación, siendo un factor importante la correcta adaptación del socket al muñón de forma personalizada creando un ajuste debido al vacío que se genera entre dichos elementos, sin la necesidad de utilizar un arnés. Para el diseño y construcción del prototipo de prótesis, se utilizó un dispositivo Kinect para la obtención de una nube de puntos del modelo geométrico, el alginato para la fabricación del molde y yeso que es utilizado para la obtención de la forma de la mano. Se presenta como resultado un diseño individualizado de prótesis construida en base a las dimensiones propias del paciente y validado mediante elementos finitos; con el propósito de realizar cambios y mejoras en el diseño, para tener una prótesis de fácil colocación y uso. Palabras claves: prótesis, socket, muñón, elementos finitos, kinect.


Author(s):  
Michael McGeehan ◽  
Peter Adamczyk ◽  
Kieran Nichols ◽  
Michael E. Hahn

Abstract Introduction: Simulations based on computational musculoskeletal models are powerful tools for evaluating effects of potential biomechanical interventions, such as implementing a novel prosthesis. However, the utility of simulations to evaluate effects of prosthesis design parameters on gait mechanics has not been fully realized due to lack of a readily-available limb loss-specific gait model and methods for efficiently modeling the energy storage and return dynamics of passive foot prostheses. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a forward simulation-capable gait model with lower limb loss and a semi-active variable-stiffness foot (VSF) prosthesis. Methods: A seven-segment 28-DoF gait model was developed and forward kinematics simulations, in which experimentally-observed joint kinematics were applied and resulting foot contact forces evolved accordingly, were computed for four subjects with unilateral below-knee amputation walking with a VSF. Results: Model-predicted resultant ground reaction force (GRFR) matched well under trial-specific optimized parameter conditions (mean R2: 0.97, RMSE: 7.7% body weight (BW)) and unoptimized (subject-specific, not trial-specific) parameter conditions (mean R2: 0.93, RMSE: 12% BW). Simulated anterior-posterior center of pressure demonstrated mean R2 = 0.64 and RMSE = 14% foot length. Simulated kinematics remained consistent with input data (0.23 deg RMSE, R2 &gt; 0.99) for all conditions. Conclusions: These methods may be useful for simulating gait of individuals with lower limb loss and predicting GRFR with novel VSF prostheses. Such data are useful to optimize user-specific prosthesis design parameters.


Author(s):  
Juan A. García ◽  
Giovani W. Muñoz ◽  
Christian M. Cobos ◽  
Santiago Ferrandiz

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