TB-9 An attempt to establish a patient-derived brain tumor culture model by organoid culture method

Background: Molecular heterogeneity among and within tumors are one of the reasons for the poor survival rate of brain tumors even with the current standard therapy. However, monolayer culture and neuro-sphere culture (NS) use exogenous growth factors, so may not show the true nature of the tumor. And the culture establishment rate is low, especially low-grade tumors. Therefore, we used the glioblastoma organoid (GBO) culture method showed by Fadi to create culture models of various brain tumors and investigated their characteristics. Methods: We examined the establishment rate in pathological and genotypic types of 56 patients who underwent brain tumor resection at our hospital between January 2020 and June 2021 and were cultured with GBO or NS. If tumor cells are increased visually at 1 month after culture, we defined establishment. Results: There were 15 cases of glioblastoma, 7 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma, 7 cases of diffuse astrocytoma, 3 cases of diffuse midline glioma, 2 cases of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 5 cases of oligodendroglioma, and 16 cases of others. The establishment rate was 76.5% by the GBO method and 40% by the N S method. By histological type, GBO: 80% in glioblastoma, NS: 58.3% in glioblastoma, GBO: 83.3% in AA, NS: 40% in AA, and GBO: 100% in DA. The IDH mutation and pTERT mutation were investigated in GBO: IDHwt/TERT+ 87.5%, IDHwt/TERT- 64.3%, IDHmt/TERT- 100%, and in NS: IDHwt/TERT+ 75%, IDHwt/TERT- 33.3%, IDHmt/ TERT- 20% in NS. In addition, establishment was observed in GBO 2 case in medulloblastoma, 1 case in ependymoma. Discussion and Conclusion: This suggest that GBO can be used to establish culture models for low-grade tumors. In addition, GBO can establish culture earlier, so it is expected to be applicable to personalized therapies such as preclinical drug efficacy studies tailored to individual patients.

Sociodemographic disparities in the establishment of health records among 0.5 million migrants from 2014 to 2017 in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Background Migrants account for a large part of China’s population. Many policies and inventions have been taken to improve access to public health services and the health of migrants. China’s Basic Public Health Services(BPHS) are a series of public health services in this policy domain, which aims at promoting the access of public health sevices and improve health equity of residents. The establishment of health records is the fundamental service of BPHS. However, there is little known about the establishment of health records among migrants in China, which hinders the more efficient provision of health services for migrants, and health equity is difficult to achieve. Based on the research gap, this study aims at showing the sociodemographic disparities in the establishment rate of health records, and identifying priorities and recommendations for promoting health equity of migrants in China. Methods This study used national data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) from 2014 to 2017 to evaluate the sociodemographic disparities in the establishment rate of health records and utilization of relevant public health services. The study included 539,926 respondents. Following the descriptive statistics of migrants, we showed the establishment rate of health records by sociodemographic characteristics and migrating related characteristics. Multivariate analysis was conducted to explore the associations between sociodemographic charicteristics, migrating related charicteristics and the establishment of health records. Results The establishment rate of health records among migrants in the sampled years were 22.99, 38.44, 27.29% respectively, and 29.18% in general, and there existed heterogeneity in the establishment rate of health records by sociodemographic charicteristics and migrating related charicteristics. Female migrants who were older, from middle age, married or living with partner, with higher educational attainment, with urban household registration, migrated for longer time, migrated for the reason of studying or family issues, migrated in province were more likely to establish health records. Conclusion There existed sociodemographic disparities in the establishment rate of health records and inequalities in the utilization of health records services among migrants in China. Migrating related characteristics also had impact on the establishment status. Policies should take both supply side and demand side of health services to improve the health equity of migrants, which means that relative departments should continue to invest in primary healthcare centers to improve their ability to provide services as well as migrants’ health literacy.

Sociodemographic Disparities in the Establishment of Health Records Among 0.5 Million Migrants From 2014 to 2017 in China: a Nationwide Cross-sectional Study

Background: Migrants account for a large part of China’s population. Many policies and inventions have been taken to improve access to public health services and the health of migrants. China’s Basic Public Health Services（BPHS) are a series of public health services in this policy domain, which aims at promoting the access of public health sevices and improve health equity of residents.The establishment of health records is the fundamental service of BPHS. However，there is little known about the establishment of health records among migrants in China, which hinders the more efficient provision of health services for migrants, and health equity is difficult to achieve. Based on the research gap, this study aims at showing the sociodemographic disparities in the establishment rate of health records, and identifying priorities and recommendations for promoting health equity of migrants in China.Methods: This study used national data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS) from 2014 to 2017 to evaluate the sociodemographic disparities in the establishment rate of health records and utilization of relevant public health services.The study included 539926 respondents. Following the descriptive statistics of migrants, we showed the establishment rate of health records by sociodemographic characteristics and migrating related characteristics. Multivariate analysis was conducted to explore the associations between sociodemographic charicteristics, migrating related charicteristics and the establishment of health records.Results: The establishment rate of health records among migrants in the sampled years were 22.99%, 38.44%, 27.29% respectively, and 29.18% in general, and there existed heterogeneity in the establishment rate of health records by sociodemographic charicteristics and migrating related charicteristics. Female migrants who were older, from middle age, married or living with partner, with higher educational attainment, with urban household registration, migrated for longer time, migrated for the reason of studying or family issues, migrated in province were more likely to establish health records.Conclusion: There existed sociodemographic disparities in the establishment rate of health records and inequalities in the utilization of health records services among migrants in China. Migrating related characteristics also had impact on the establishment status. Policies should take both supply side and demand side of health services to improve the health equity of migrants, which means that relative departments should continue to invest in primary healthcare centers to improve their ability to provide services as well as migrants’ health literacy.

The influence of fencing on seedling establishment during reforestation of oak stands: a comparison of artificial and natural regeneration techniques including costs

In temperate Europe, oak-dominated forests are widespread, supporting high biodiversity and providing important ecosystem services. Insufficient natural regeneration has, however, been a concern for over a century. The objective of this study was to gain insights into differences in regeneration success using artificial and natural regeneration techniques for reforestation of oak (Quercus robur L.) stands. We monitored seedlings following planting, direct seeding and natural regeneration over five years in a randomized block experiment in southern Sweden with fenced and non-fenced plots. Fencing had a strong positive effect on height growth, especially for planted seedlings that were taller than the other seedlings and more frequently browsed in non-fenced plots. In contrast, there was little effect of fencing on survival, establishment rate and recruitment rate of seedlings. Due to aboveground damage on seedlings from voles, protection of acorns did not improve establishment rate following direct seeding. Under current circumstances at the site with a sparse shelterwood of old oaks, we conclude that natural regeneration was the most cost-efficient regeneration method. It resulted in the most seedlings at the lowest cost. However, regeneration success was heavily influenced by interference from herbaceous vegetation. With a small additional investment in vegetation control, the results might have been improved for planting and direct seeding.

Utilizing Branched-chain Amino Acids for Increasing Shoot Density and Establishment Rate in Creeping Bentgrass

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine (L), isoleucine (IL), and valine (V) are synthesized in plants and are essential to growth in most organisms. These compounds can be absorbed by the plant when foliarly applied, but plant catabolism of BCAA is not completely understood. A recent study observed that BCAA applied in a 2:1:1 or 4:1:1 ratio (L:IL:V) increased creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) shoot density compared with applications of equal urea nitrogen (N) at 3.03 lb/acre N. The present study investigated whether those increases could translate to a quicker establishment rate of creeping bentgrass grown from seed in standard greenhouse pots. The BCAA applications were compared with equal N applications using urea and a commercially available amino acid product. All N treatments were applied at 3.03 lb/acre N, per application and applied a total of four times on a 14-day interval starting 14 days after seeding. Measurements included final shoot density counts and root and shoot weights, as well as digital image analysis of percent green cover for each greenhouse pot every 7 days. No differences were observed after 70 days in shoot weight, or percent green cover between BCAA treatments and urea; however, BCAA 2:1:1 and 4:1:1 increased shoot density 21% and 30%, respectively, compared with urea, and were equal to the commercially available amino acid product. Applications of BCAA 4:1:1 also increased creeping bentgrass rooting weight by a factor of 7 compared with urea N.

Micropropagation of Guadua chacoensis (Rojas) Londoño & P. M. Peterson1

ABSTRACT The bamboo productive chain is still incipient in Brazil, and the low supply of plantlets due to low-efficient conventional propagation methods presents a significant bottleneck to its development. This study aimed to establish a micropropagation protocol for Guadua chacoensis. Explants from donor plants cultivated under controlled environment showed less contamination, if compared to explants from plants grown in the field. The contamination rate was even lower when 2 mL L-1 of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM™) were added to the culture medium, leading to a higher establishment rate. The obtained cultures were then multiplied using either in vitro-derived nodal segments or clump division in the presence of increasing contents (0 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM or 40 mM) of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The number of shoots increased with increasing BAP concentrations, but this also resulted in a reduced rooting rate and root length. Plants acclimatized under 0 %, 35 % or 65 % of shading showed a dynamic maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), which initially decreased within the first seven days after the transfer to ex vitro conditions, but then increased until reaching stable values of 0.775 after 17 days. Additionally, the shading improved the plant survival rates, if compared to those under non-shaded conditions, which presented photoinhibition and photodamage symptoms.

Establishment of co-infection and hybridization of Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in sheep

This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous infections of Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in sheep, as well as the production of hybrids. A parental group of lambs (n = 6) were mix-infected with 2000 infective larvae (L3) of H. placei and 2000 L3 of H. contortus. Faecal samples were taken from each of these six lambs to produce the first generation of L3 (F1-L3) in individual cultures. These F1-L3 were used to infect 12 lambs; six of them were euthanized at 42 days (Group F1-42) and six at 84 days (Group F1-84) post infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, using species-specific primer pairs, was the gold standard method for identification of Haemonchus adult species and hybrids. The establishment rate of both species was similar in the parental group: 51.7% H. contortus and 48.3% H. placei. Of the 219 adult specimens from groups F1-42 and F1-84 analysed by PCR, eight (3.65%) were hybrids, 111 were H. contortus and 100 were H. placei. The morphological evaluation of the F1-L3 from the parental group showed a predominance of larvae with H. contortus size (51.5%) in comparison with H. placei (42.8%). In the second generation of L3 (F2-L3) produced by the F1-lambs, larvae with H. contortus morphology predominated, with 81.5% in the F1-42 group and 84.0% in the F1-84 group. In conclusion, an artificial mixed infection by H. contortus and H. placei was established in lambs and resulted in the production of a small number of hybrids among their offspring.