Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of the Flexible Iron-Based MIL-88B Metal-Organic Framework for Advanced Energetic Systems

The 3D metal-organic framework (MOF), MIL-88B, built from the trivalent metal ions and the ditopic 1,4-Benzene dicarboxylic acid linker (H2BDC), distinguishes itself from the other MOFs for its flexibility and high thermal stability. MIL-88B was synthesized by a rapid microwave-assisted solvothermal method at high power (850 W). The iron-based MIL-88B [Fe3.O.Cl.(O2C-C6H4 -CO2)3] exposed oxygen and iron content of 29% and 24%, respectively, which offers unique properties as an oxygen-rich catalyst for energetic systems. Upon dispersion in an organic solvent and integration into ammonium perchlorate (AP) (the universal oxidizer for energetic systems), the dispersion of the MOF particles into the AP energetic matrix was uniform (investigated via elemental mapping using an EDX detector). Therefore, MIL-88B(Fe) could probe AP decomposition with the exclusive formation of mono-dispersed Fe2O3 nanocatalyst during the AP decomposition. The evolved nanocatalyst can offer superior combustion characteristics. XRD pattern for the MIL-88B(Fe) framework TGA residuals confirmed the formation of α-Fe2O3 nanocatalyst as a final product. The catalytic efficiency of MIL-88B(Fe) on AP thermal behavior was assessed via DSC and TGA. AP solely demonstrated a decomposition enthalpy of 733 J g-1 , while AP/MIL-88B(Fe) showed a 66% higher decomposition enthalpy of 1218 J g-1 ; the main exothermic decomposition temperature was decreased by 71 °C. Besides, MIL-88B(Fe) resulted in a decrease in AP decomposition activation energy by 23% and 25% using Kissinger and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) models, respectively.

Features of Electrophoretic Formation of Local Heat Sources Based on Nanosized Powder Al

In this study, the features of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method to form nano-Al based energetic layers were investigated. The influence of solvents and additive components on the EPD process was analyzed, and the optimal composition of the suspension for the best deposition of layers based on nanoscale Al particles was acquired. The obtained layers can be used as an initiator of secondary reactions for on-chip energetic systems and a local heat source for joining surfaces by reactive bonding.

Investigation on Adsorption and Decomposition Properties of CL-20/FOX-7 Molecules on MgH2(110) Surface by First-Principles

Metal hydrides are regarded as promising hydrogen-supplying fuel for energetic materials while CL-20 (Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) and FOX-7 (1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) are typical principal components commonly used in energetic materials. Hence, it is interesting to explore the interactions between them for development of new energetic systems. In this paper, the adsorption and decomposition of CL-20 or FOX-7 molecules on the MgH2 (110) crystal surface were investigated by employing the First-Principles. In total, 18 adsorption configurations for CL-20/MgH2 (110) and 12 adsorption configurations for FOX-7/MgH2 (110) were considered. The geometric parameters for the configurations, adsorption energies, charge transfer, density of states, and decomposition mechanism were obtained and analyzed. In most of the configurations, chemical adsorption will occur. Moreover, the orientation of the nitro-group in CL-20 or FOX-7 with regard to the MgH2 (110) surface plays an important role on whether and how the energetic molecule decomposes. The adsorption and decomposition of CL-20 or FOX-7 on MgH2 could be attributed to the strong charge transfer between Mg atoms in the first layer of MgH2 (110) surface and oxygen as well as nitrogen atoms in the nitro-group of CL-20 or FOX-7 molecules.

Geographical-geodynamic specificity of the Caspian Sea and seismo-geotectonics of Azerbaijan sector

The Caspian Sea is a complicated and open natural geosystem. There are sole mechanisms of geodynamics of global and regional development combining both general energy sources and the energetics of only endogenic or only exogenous processes. Correspondingly, in the occurrence of endogenesis and exogenesis both general, sole mechanisms for them and the specific autonomous mechanisms characteristic for each of the aspect, as well as the complicated combinations of their interactions and interrelations including cascade-energetic systems of various types, levels and power are reflected. Thus, the Caspian phenomenon is a regional reaction to the general changes of global natural geosystem. The research aims studying the areas of modern tensions in the Caspian Sea lithosphere. The main task is the definition of tension state of the lithosphere and its analysis as well. Tectonic structure of the region has been reviewed and seismologic evaluation presented.