Prediction of Soc in Calcic Chernozem in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine Using Brightness and Colour Indicators

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of any soil which determines many of its properties. Nowadays, more and more attention is being paid to the SOC content determination in soils by not using the conventional, time-consuming and expensive technique, but by using colour image processing of soil samples. In this case, even the camera of modern smartphones can be used as an image source, making this technique very convenient and practical. However, it is important to maintain certain standardised conditions (light intensity, light incidence angle, etc.) when capturing the images of soil samples. In our opinion, it is best to use a regular scanner for this purpose, with subsequent image processing by graphic programs (e.g., Adobe Photoshop). To increase the reliability of the colour information obtained in this way, it is desired (if possible) to use a spectrograph or a monochromator in the subsequent calculation of reflection or brightness ratios. It is these two approaches that we have implemented in our work. As a result of the experiment, the values of brightness ratios (at 480, 650 and 750 nm wavelengths and integral brightness ratio), colour indicators (the hue, saturation and value [HSV], red, green and blue [RGB], CIE L*a*b* and cyan, magenta, yellow and key [CMYK] systems) and SOC content in Calcic Chernozem samples of the steppe zone of Ukraine were obtained. Using correlation analysis of the dataset, the existence of direct (r = 0.88–0.90) and inverse close relationships (r = −0.75–0.90) between SOC, values of brightness ratios and colour indicators of the soil samples were established. This allows us to develop predictive models. Statistical analysis showed that the models were significant when they were based on the values of brightness ratios at 650 nm wavelength, integral brightness ratio, V indicator in HSV system, R, G and B indicators in RGB system, C, M and K indicators in CMYK system and L* and b* indicators in L*a*b* system. The subsequent calculation of variation coefficients showed that the largest variability was observed in SOC indicators (CV = 0.72) and slightly less variability in the K index of CMYK system and brightness ratio values at 650 nm wavelength (CV = 0.67 and 0.53, respectively). Based on this, we believe that the models y = 0.0188 + 0.0535*x (x is the value of the K index in CMYK system) and y = 5.0716 – 3.2255*log10(x) (x is the value of brightness ratio at 650 nm wavelength) were the most statistically significant and promising parameters for determining SOC content (y in these equations) in Calcic Chernozem samples of the steppe zone of Ukraine.

Color as a New Proxy Technique for the Identification of Road Dust Samples Contaminated with Potentially Toxic Elements: The Case of Mérida, Yucatán, México

The design of proxy techniques is an innovative tool to monitor the potentially toxic elements of pollution in road dust. This study evaluated the use of road dust color as a proxy methodology to identify samples contaminated with presumably contaminating elements. FRX determined the concentrations of Fe, Ti, Rb, Sr, Y, Cu, Zn, and Pb in eighty-five road dust samples. The appliance of the RGB system and the Munsell color cards identified five color groups of road dust samples. The discriminant analysis validated these groups by colorimetric indices and presumably contaminating elements. The “very dark gray” color of road dust contains the highest concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Y. The redness and saturation rates showed high correlations with presumably contaminating elements in “dark gray” and “very dark gray” color samples. The color of road dust, as a proxy technique, allows identifying samples contaminated with presumably contaminating elements.

Optimization of monochromatic primaries in RGB system: On the specific question of purples

Fast track article for IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2021: Color Imaging XXVI: Displaying, Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications proceedings.

All-perylene-derivative for white light emitting diodes

Tb(H3PTC)3PTCDAAn organic-based bright white light emitting compound, namely Tb(H3PTC)3, able to be used as part of a WOLED and as a part of a RGB system that can withstand high temperatures (∼700 K), is developed using PTCDA and Tb(NO3)3·5H2O as precursors by hydrothermal synthesis.

Investigating the Position of Color in the Urban Townscape (Case Study: Mashhad, Imam Reza Street)

Nowadays, we observe our cities turbulent and unorganized in respect to color. Inconsistent locating of the buildings along with each other, the use of inhomogeneous colors, and the lack of attention to the psychological properties of colors have created the spaces in cities that are not compatible with the spirit of human and we do not feel relaxation in them any longer. This article is an attempt to express the importance of color theme and how to handle and use it in the city. Imam Reza Street has taken a kind of visual contamination in urban townscape due to the lack of appropriate color harmony. Color inconsistency and heterogeneity in the street walls of this street has created turmoil in the urban townscape; by using appropriate color in the street townscape it can be made a coordinated and rhythmic view, and a general unity and solidarity can be created in the city and make a favorable, appropriate, and more lively townscape of the city. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and data collection is in the form of a library-field method. To select a field, a part of Imam Reza Street (between 15th Khordad Square to Basij Square) was selected and extracting colored layers of street was performed through the RGB system by the aid of Photoshop software; then by using the Kil Hong’s Matrix, the elements composing the color in the street were analyzed, and the criteria and solutions were presented for planning in respect of the correct use of color in the urban townscape; finally, some plans were locally performed on several samples of the images taken from the street to illustrate the desired plan.

Effect of Excitation Wavelength on Optical Performances of Quantum-Dot-Converted Light-Emitting Diode

Light-emitting diode (LED) combined with quantum dots (QDs) is an important candidate for next-generation high-quality semiconductor devices. However, the effect of the excitation wavelength on their optical performance has not been fully explored. In this study, green and red QDs are applied to LEDs of different excitation wavelengths from 365 to 455 nm. The blue light is recommended for exciting QDs from the perspective of energy utilization. However, QD LEDs excited at 365 nm have unique advantages in eliminating the original peaks from the LED chip. Moreover, the green or red light excited by ultraviolet light has an advantage in colorimetry. Even for the 455 nm LED with the highest QD concentration at 7.0 wt%, the color quality could not compete with the 365 nm LED with the lowest QD concentration at 0.2 wt%. A 117.5% (NTSC1953) color gamut could be obtained by the 365 nm-excited RGB system, which is 32.6% higher than by the 455 nm-excited solution, and this can help expand the color gamut of LED devices. Consequently, this study provides an understanding of the properties of QD-converted LEDs under different wavelength excitations, and offers a general guide to selecting a pumping source for QDs.

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGICAL FACIAL SCARS

Introduction. The urgency of the issue on diagnosis of pathological head and neck scars has resulted from a growing prevalence of pathological scars. Quite often, patients with pathological scars require psychological rehabilitation. The purpose of our study is to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of scars by identifying a specific type of scar and taking into account the psychological state of the patient. Materials and methods. Under our supervision, there were 60 people with head and neck scars aged 20-50 years (mean age 31.2 ± 11.1 years). In addition, the study involved 20 healthy individuals (mean age 30.9 ± 10.7 years). Clinical examination of patients was supplemented by digital imaging of graphic images in the RGB system in Adobe Photoshop. An integral part of the clinical examination of patients with head and neck scars was a detailed study of their individual personality characteristics. The study included the techniques to assess patients’ general health condition, general activity and emotional state; a questionnaire for evaluating mental stress and the "Integrative Anxiety Test" was also used. Results. By applying the RGB colour system, statistically significant differences in colour indices were revealed. It was established that all the indicators of intensity of spectral radiation tended to decrease: the red colour indicator tended to decrease on average by 4 units, the same was relevant for the green spectrum indicator. The average values of the reduction of the blue colour intensity were 10 units. Mental and emotional states of the patients with pathological scars are characterized by specific features that distinguish them from the emotional state of healthy individuals. Significant differences in the emotional states between the emotional states of the patients and healthy individuals included both quantitative (higher rates of most of the investigated parameters) and qualitative parameters (different proportion of components in the structure of the emotional state). The obtained data testify that the patients with pathological scars tend to respond to the traumatic situation (including the situation of the disease) by intense feeling of physiological and psychological discomfort, depressed mood, mental stress, anxiety, hypochondria, exaggeration of negative experience. Conclusions. The application of the RGB system in the diagnosis of pathological scarring in the face allows us to reliably determine the type of scar, and depending on the scar type to choose the optimal method of the therapy. Inclusion in the comprehensive examination of psychodiagnostic methods is sufficiently feasible and can contribute to the development of an integrated approach in the treatment of pathological scars.

Psychological Connection between Colors and Certain Characteristic Terms

This paper presents results of a research on psychological connection between 40 offered colors and 91 terms from everyday life. Similar researches have been conducted and published in a number of instances in domestic and foreign bibliography, but this research has certain particularities that are not often present in other articles. For one thing, colors whose associativity with certain terms is being analyzed are shown in a table, their name and code in the RGB system of color marking are provided. Colors were not merely described, e.g. blue, green, yellow, etc., as it may be confusing or lead to misinterpretation of answers since there are many degrees of blue color, for example. In the second part of the poll, the subjects answered the Ishihara test, in order to check the ability to correctly interpret the colors. The third specific is triple visual interpretation of received results using colored graphs.

The Use of Colors as an Alternative to Size in Mold Growth Studies

Size-based fungal growth studies have limitations. For example, the growth in size stops in closed systems once it reaches the borders and poorly describes the metabolic status, especially in the stationary phase. This might lead mycotoxin studies to unrealistic results. Color change could be a viable alternative as pigments are results of the mold’s metabolic activity. This study aimed to verify the possibility of using gray values and the RGB system to analyze the growth of Fusarium graminearum. It consisted color and area measurement using the ImageJ software for specimens grown in yeast extract agar (YEA). The results suggest the usability of color and gray values as reliable tools to analyze the growth of F. graminearum.