Studies of the atmosphere of ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b

<p>Ultra-hot Jupiters are defined as giant planets with equilibrium temperatures larger than 2000 K. Most of them are found orbiting bright A-F stars, making them extremely suitable object to study their atmospheres using high-resolution spectroscopy.</p> <p>TOI-1431b, also known as MASCARA-5b, a newly discovered planet with the temperature of 2375 K is a prefect example of ultra-hot Jupiter. We studied this object using three transit observations obtained with high-resolution spectrographs HARPS-N and EXPRES. Analysis of Rossiter-McLaughlin effect shows that the planet is in the polar orbit, which speaks about an interesting dynamical history, and perhaps indicating the presence of more than one planet in the early history of this system. Applying the cross-correlation and transmission spectroscopy method, we find no evidence of atoms and molecules in this planet. There results are at odds with the other studies of similar UHJs orbiting bright stars, where various species have been found.</p>

ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL RELATIONS FOR CALCULATION OF EXPLOSION WAVE OVERPRESSURE

The explosion of an explosive system causes primary and secondary effects on people and objects near its site. The most devastating is the pressure effect of the explosion, especially the overpressure. Individual parameters of pressure wave (overpressure size, duration impulse) can be determined by mathematical or virtual modeling or can also be measured under real conditions. The authors focused on the parameters of the positive phase of the shock wave propagating from the source of the explosion towards the object. The article covers the description and analysis of selected mathematical relations, which are used to determine the magnitude of the explosion overpressure. The results are based on selected formulas. The source of the explosion referred in the study is an explosive system containing a reference explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT). TNT is a military explosive that is used as a reference explosive in technical standards dedicated to the certification of explosion-proof elements, and at the same time, a TNT equivalent is known to allow the mass of an explosive charge to be recalculated. The results obtained by mathematical modeling according to individual approaches have been compared and the possibilities of using computational models in the area of security management and education of security managers have been identified. The results of the study confirm that prediction of pressure wave parameters at different distances and weights can assist security managers in creating attack scenarios and designing a suitable object protection system.

Sentiment and Anger: British Women Writers and Native Americans

This chapter assesses the portrayal of Native Americans by British women writers. This treatment was often far more radical, and far more angry—whether focusing on racial issues or on imperial ambitions in general—than that found in the work of many male authors. Until the midcentury at least, the cultural work performed by those women writers who took Indians as their subject oscillated between mourning their imminent and inevitable demise and protesting against the specific political and racist attitudes that lay behind their treatment in America. After the middle of the century, although women's appropriation of the figure of the Indian occurred less frequently within serious imaginative writing, those poets who engaged with these native peoples showed an increasing tendency to extrapolate from the American context and turn their humanitarian gaze toward the workings of the British Empire itself. Women seem to have been particularly drawn to Indians as a poetic topic, both finding them a suitable object on which to expend the fashionable literary currency of sentimental compassion and, it has been argued, seeing them, in their apparent disempowerment and marginalization, as an analogue for their own condition as women.

Real Likenesses

This book offers a new approach to artistic representation, worked out in detail for the cases of paintings, photographs, and novels. It presents a paradox in the case of each of the three art forms, and argues for a thesis (the Non-Distraction Thesis) about the relation between medium and content. It then argues that the dominant theories of representation in the three art forms are incompatible with that thesis. Fresh light is thereby cast on familiar topics: the supposed phenomenon of ‘twofoldedness’, in the case of paintings; the alleged ‘transparency’ of photographs; the ‘paradox of fiction’, in the case of novels. Illusionistic theories, ‘seeing-in’ theories, imagination theories, and resemblance theories are the target in the case of paintings; theories which take photographs to be transparent pictures, in the case of photographs; and imagination theories, abstract-artefact theories, and theories which mix the two, in the case of novels. Having raised problems for existing theories in these domains, the book proposes for each art form a novel way of understanding the relation between the medium and the content. The new model is developed first for the case of paintings: it is proposed that the face you see in a painting is a real thing made of paint, which is, in a way, a face, in virtue of resembling a real face. This model is then applied to photographs, and to novels, with care taken to explain in each case how a suitable object might be constructed in the medium.

MEMBACA KEMUNGKINAN FILM SEBAGAI OBJEK PENELITIAN SASTRA

There is still a debate on film and literature relationship. Some argued that films and videos were in the opposite site of language activities, that is, films and videos tried to present the concrete, particular, and sensational forms of life. While others argued that films might be the objects of literary researches. This article aims at exploring the relationship of films and literature and uncovering the position of films as the object of research of literature students. Films and literatue’s relationship cannot be separated from the activity of adapting literary work into movie, or ecranisation. Ecranisation theory bridges the relationship of film and literature and make a film suitable object of a literary research. Yet, there are some who argue that a film which is not the product of ecranisation can become the object of a literary research under the umbrella of culture study, that everything may undergo a redefinition. Key words: literature, film, ecranisation, text, redefinition

Оцінка токсикорезистентності ставковика озерного (Mollusca: Gastropoda) до впливу йонів мангану (II) у водному середовищі

<p>Under the conditions of growing environmental pollution heavy metal ions took one of the first places among other pollutants. Nowadays annual anthropic entry of a great number of heavy metals into hydrosphere several times exceeded the entry from natural sources. The topicality of the research influence of the above pollutants on hydrobionts with the aim of introducing the research results to the ecological monitoring system is beyond doubt. <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em> (Linné, 1758) a secondary-water lung pondmollusc, can be a suitable object for toxicological investigations. The fundamental ecotoxicological indices of <em>L</em><em>.</em><em> stagnalis</em> effected by various concentrations of Mn²⁺water environment and the ranges of acute – and chronically lethal, trausferred and subthreshold toxicant concentrations as well as the decrease of toxicity of ions covered have been determined. The fundamental ecotoxicological indices of <em>L</em><em>.</em><em> stagnalis</em> effected by various concentrations of Mn²⁺ water environment and the ranges of acute – and chronically lethaled, trausferred and subthreshold toxicant concentrations as well as the decrease of toxicity of manganese ions (ІІ) covered have been determined. The effect of Mn²⁺ on dimensional and weight characteristics and the survival of adult and young mollusks has been studied. Reversibility of poisoning <em>L</em><em>.</em><em> stagnalis</em> by different Mn²⁺ has been studied. Restoration of the broken functions is of a reversible nature. The linear indices varying considerably with toxicity have been distinguished. At first the aquatic balance in the bodies of mollusks is becoming positive along with the increase in the heavy metal concentrations in the environment, while under the toxicant concentration increase the balance gradually tends to be positive. The paper covers the effects of manganese ions on the pond snail behavioral reactions. The paper investigates the effects of Mn²⁺ (acute lethal concentration – 100‒195 mg/dm³; chronically lethal – 35‒95 mg/dm³; trausferred – 0,3‒20 mg/dm³; subthreshold concentration – 1 mg/dm³) on the peculiarities of <em>L</em><em>.</em><em> stagnalis</em> reproduction and development. There have been determinate sensitive ethological responses of <em>L</em><em>. </em><em>stagnalis</em> at their reproductive period in the polluted environment. The studies have been made into structural stability of mollusk syncapsule, the peculiarities of their texture and formation physiology as well as an incidence of evolution disturbances at different intoxication levels by manganese ions (ІІ). The research makes it possible to ecologically estimate the nature of the substance influence and the response of the affected organism.</p>

Eye trackers in evaluation of transformation of historical monuments. Revitalisation of the Dresden arsenal

The paper concentrates on the application of an eye tracker as a tool used to evaluate the successfulness of transformations of various historic monuments for modern purposes. An eye tracker as a device capable of registering the path of one’s gaze makes it possible to analyze the way in which people perceive a given architectural object - in the case of this paper it is the former Dresden Arsenal, now known as the Bundeswehr Military History Museum. Since Daniel Libeskind, the architect behind the transformation, clearly defined the impression he what to achieve and the building provokes significant controversies, it was decided that it would be a suitable object for such a study. The survey was meant to find out whether the changes introduced by Libeskind actually helped him achieve the intended goal. The participants of the survey were shown images of the Arsenal’s façade from before the transformation, after the transformation in the daytime and after the transformation, but at night, with the illumination turned on. The paper not only shows and analyzes differences in the way people perceive these three images, but also raises a question as to the potential of eye trackers as tools used in architectural research.

Estimation of Solar Radiation for Crop Drying in Uyo, Nigeria Using a Mathematical Model

Insolation available to dry crop on any clear-day was mathematically simulated on a local computer, using a suitable object oriented programming language (JAVA), for predicting solar radiation available at any given time in the Northern hemisphere on longitude East on Greenwich. Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria was used as a case study. The deterministic model was developed using set of equations and taking into consideration the factors of two components of solar radiation: The beam and diffused components. The results of the model rapidly produced hourly, monthly and daily data of insolation on horizontal earth surface and was verified and validated using existing solar radiation data, gotten from the Nigeria Metrological Station, Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Uyo, Nigeria. Predicted results showed that total solar radiation on any clear-day of the year in Uyo, Nigeria is sufficient to dry crops provided the crops are dried between the hours of 9a.m. and 4 p.m. March, April and September were found to be the best months for crop drying, while August and December recorded the lowest solar insolation.

Synchrony in the onset of mental state understanding across cultures? A study among children in Samoa

The development of false belief understanding in Samoa was investigated in two studies testing more than 300 children. Children’s understanding was assessed with a change of location task. The results of study 1 suggest that Samoan children improve gradually and slowly, with no succeeding majority before 8 years of age. One third of the 10–13-year-olds still failed. Study 2 used a different translation among 55 children from 4–8 years of age and supports the former results. These findings speak for the cultural variability of theory of mind development and provide the first cross-cultural continuous survey on false belief understanding of children older than 5 years of age with a large sample in a place where mental states are no suitable object for conjecture.