日本の高等教育におけるアクティブラーニングの位置づけ、 効果とその可能性

<p>在日本，為使高中教育與大學教育能夠順利地銜接，以高中教育改革、大學教育改革，以及大學入學者選拔改革為中心，開始積極地推動高大接續的教育改革。此外，在台灣，開始實施「108 新課綱」，並以「自主行動」「溝通互動」「社會參與」三大面項為其目標，藉以培養學生之基礎能力。由此端之，無論是日本的教育改革或是台灣的教育改革，以高大接續的教育改革作為其重點，積極地推動並促進學生主動學習為其主要目標之一。然而，在推動主動學習之際，常遇到 「教師知識傳授型」與「學生自主型」兩種方式並存，因而造成兩者間的衝突與矛盾。因此，為了減少上述之衝突與矛盾，本論文首先探討主動學習的定義及其意涵。再者，並探討學校教育中主動學習的定位。最後，則是紮根理論的分析方 式，透過大學主動學習之個案分析探討主動學習之學習轉換的可能性。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>In order to enable smooth articulation of high school and university, reforms of high school education, university education, and university entrance exam began to actively promote the educational reform of articulation of high school and university. Additionally, in Taiwan, the 2019 Curriculum Guideline was implemented and focuses were placed on three dimensions: &ldquo;active action,&rdquo; &ldquo;communication and interaction,&rdquo; and &ldquo;social participation&rdquo; to cultivate basic abilities of students. Accordingly, educational reform in either Japan and Taiwan focuses on the transition between high schools and universities to actively promote and facilitate active learning of students as one of its main goals. When promoting active learning, one will see conflicts and confrontation between &ldquo;knowledge instruction based that centers on teacher&rsquo;s education&rdquo; and &ldquo;active learning based education&rdquo; that centers on students as well as those between &ldquo;administration&rdquo; and &ldquo;teaching.&rdquo; Hence, to avoid the said conflicts and confrontations, this paper first discusses definition and context of active learning. Furthermore, orientation of active learning in school education is discussed. In the end, possibilities of learning transformation of active learning are examined through case study of active learning in university.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

New Public Management in The Changing Status of Higher Education Institution in Indonesia

Global competition among universities in the world has become more challenging over years. This makes it demanding not only for universities in Indonesia to create positive improvements but also for the government to adapt with its innovations and policy initiatives. Meanwhile, New Public Management approach which was initially introduced in 1990s has been proposing administrative reforms on the old inefficient bureaucracy. In response to this, universities along with the government have been incorporating some aspects of The New Public Management theory in order for them to strive in global competition. This study seeks to analyze the changing status of Indonesian universities. It further discusses how some aspects of New Public Management are incorporated in university’s administration. This Indonesian case study argues that NPM values has influenced the changing system of universities in Indonesia. NPS still exists partially if not fully, in Indonesian universities despite the problem of public acceptance responding to the government’s policy on university reforms.

New Public Management in The Changing Status of Higher Education Institution in Indonesia

Global competition among universities in the world has become more challenging over years. This makes it demanding not only for universities in Indonesia to create positive improvements but also for the government to adapt with its innovations and policy initiatives. Meanwhile, New Public Management approach which was initially introduced in 1990s has been proposing administrative reforms on the old inefficient bureaucracy. In response to this, universities along with the government have been incorporating some aspects of The New Public Management theory in order for them to strive in global competition. This study seeks to analyze the changing status of Indonesian universities. It further discusses how some aspects of New Public Management are incorporated in university’s administration. This Indonesian case study argues that NPM values has influenced the changing system of universities in Indonesia. NPS still exists partially if not fully, in Indonesian universities despite the problem of public acceptance responding to the government’s policy on university reforms.

University goods manufacturing program combined with engineering education

Due to the frequent university reforms, the level of understanding higher education and conducting research programs are getting lower in recent ten years. Their knowledge level sometimes discourages and disappoints the university professor. Their active, challenging attitude to know and integrate the knowledge based on the experiences cannot be seen in most of the university students. They need to know anything about practical application. This paper is one of the proposals to provide the opportunity for university students to learn and experience more practicing through university goods manufacturing based on the CNC machine operated on computer programming.