ANALISIS TINGKAT PENCEMARAN AIR DI KALI KAMPWOLKER SEBAGAI INLET KE PERAIRAN DANAU SENTANI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE POLLUTION INDEX

Sungai Kampwolker terindikasi sudah mengalami pencemaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pencemaran air di sungai Kampwolker menggunakan metode Pollution Index (PI). Hasil analisis mendapatkan nilai PI sebesar 6,470 artinya sungai Kampwolker telah tercemar sedang berdasarkan Klas II, sedangkan berdasarkan Klas I diperoleh nilai sebesar 7,534 juga tercemar sedang. Parameter – parameter yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu di sungai Kampwolker adalah DO, PO4, Zn, Cu, Hg, Fenol, Chlorine bebas, dan Pb dengan nilai konsentrasi berturut – turut 5,795 mg/L; 1,705 mg/L; 0,0665mg/L; 0,0245 mg/L; 0,08 mg/L; 13 µg/L; 0,285 mg/L; dan 0,078 mg/L.

Phosphorylation of mitophagic receptor protein Bcl2-like protein 13 plays an important role in maintaining cardiac function under pressure overload

The most prominent role for mitochondria is to supply the cell with metabolic energy in the form of ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the quality control of mitochondria is essential for the maintenance of normal cellular functions. Accumulation of damaged mitochondria is characteristic of various diseases including heart failure. Damaged mitochondria are removed by a mitochondria-specific autophagy, called mitophagy. Recently, we identified Bcl2-like protein 13 (Bcl2-L-13) as a mammalian functional homolog of Atg32, which is an essential mitophagy receptor in yeast. Bcl2-L-13, localized in outer mitochondrial membrane, induces mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy in HEK293 cells. Bcl2-L-13 induces mitophagy through the binding with microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3). We attempted to elucidate the activation mechanism of Bcl2-L-13-mediated mitophagy. Ser272 is close to the LC3 interacting motif in Bcl2-L-13. Overexpression of Bcl2-L-13 induced its Ser/Thr phosphorylation in HEK293 cells. The phosphorylation level of Bcl2-L-13 S272A was significantly attenuated compared with wild-type Bcl2-L-13, suggesting Ser272 is one of the phosphorylation sites. GST-pull down assay revealed that Bcl2-L-13 S272A showed less ability for binding with LC3, while immunocytochemical analysis using anti-ATP synthase and anti-LC3B antibodies showed that the mutant induced less mitophagic activity. Next, we generated sheep polyclonal antibody for the detection of Bcl2-L-13 phosphorylated at Ser272. The antibody recognized wild-type Bcl2-L-13 but not Bcl2-L-13 S272A mutant. The phosphorylation level of Bcl2-L-13 at Ser272 was upregulated in wild-type hearts 4 weeks after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In order to examine the in vivo role of the phosphorylation, we generated Bcl2-L-13 S272A mutant knock-in mice. The mice showed no abnormal cardiac phenotypes at baseline. However, the knock-in mice showed significantly larger left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions and lower fractional shortening than wild-type mice 4 weeks after TAC. Taken together, the phosphorylation of Ser272 in Bcl2-L-13 regulates its mitophagic activity and plays an important role in maintaining cardiac function under pressure overload. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation

CIL III 9527 as Evidence of Spoken Latin in the Sixth-century Dalmatia

The epitaph of Priest Iohannes (CIL III 9527, Salona, August 13, 599 or AD 603) is one of the few inscriptions from the sixth-century Salona, which can be dated with precision. It is also one of the rare inscriptions from Dalmatia of this period, which mention a person (proconsul Marcellinus) known from other sources (Registrum epistularum of Pope Gregory the Great). However, its linguistic importance seems to be summarized in the remark of its most recent editor Nancy Gauthier (2010) that the language of the epitaph reflects the features of Latin spoken in Dalmatia at the time (“la langue vivante”). The aim of this paper was to check the plausibility of this statement by comparing the Vulgar Latin features in the inscription with the results of research on Latin in late Dalmatia. Also, a new interpretation of the word obsis l. 13 is proposed.

ЛІСІВНИЧО-ТАКСАЦІЙНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГРАБНЯКІВ ПРИРОДНОГО ЗАПОВІДНИКА «МЕДОБОРИ»

In the Nature Reserve of Medobory a zonal vegetation is represented by dark deciduous forests, with a hornbeam and oak trees mainly, dominated by Quercus robur, Caprius betulus, and Flaxinus excelsior. Within the tree stands hornbeam predominates on the area of 21.7% of the forested lands of the reserve. Preliminary investigations of the Reserve hornbeam plantations were conducted by Mykola Korol and Ihor Humeniuk. They pointed to the stability of these plantations, their high competitive abilities but depleted biotic potential. The objects, selected for the study, are permanent trial areas, where during the last taxation measurements the hornbeam dominations in the tree stands were observed (with the tree stands of 6 and more items). On the studied trial areas mature and overmature plantations prevail by age groups. The hornbeams grow here mainly in young hornbeam forests in the first, second and third bonitets. The predominant number of trees on the trial areas is hornbeam of seed origin. Except L-28, where the conditions of growth are dry oakery on the rock, the hornbeams grow on the third bonitet and are of sprouting origin mainly. The tree stands on the trial areas are of the same age. As for the age groups they are mature and overmature, except for L-13 and L-28, where the young stocks grow, and L-13, where the one of a middle age grow. The tree stands taxation indicators on the trial areas are characterized by some differences, depending on age and completeness, within different types. The stock of live wood is on average 115-463 cubic metres per hectare. Trees differentiations by the degree of thickness show the process of a plant formation depending on their origin and age. On the trial areas the renewal of a hornbeam is represented by one- and two-years-old undergrowth. The forest stands are characterized by insignificant variability of their taxation structure indicators, being the result of a slight influence of natural and anthropogenic factors.

Template Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes of 13, 15 and 17-Membered Tetraamide Macrocyclic Disubstituted Dimethyl Tetrasubstituted Tetraazacycloalka Tetrasubstituted Tetraene Disubstiuted Diol

A series of new transition metal complexes [ML(Ln)Cl2] where Ln = L13, L15 and L17 (L(13) = 11,13-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotrideca-4,6,10,13-tetraene-5,6-diol, L(15) = 9,11-dimethyl-1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclopentadeca-1,3,8,11-tetraene-2,3-diol and L(17) = 10,12-dimethyl-1,4,9,13-tetraazacycloheptadeca-1,3,9,12-tetraene-2,3-diol) and M = Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) have been synthesized by template method. All the synthesized complexes were characterized by IR, UV, ESR, X-ray microanalysis, elemental analysis, thermal studies and magnetic susceptibilities and the geometry of the complexes found to be octahedral.

1182The novel mitophagic receptor protein bcl2-like protein 13: new insights for the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of heart disease

Cardiac function highly depends on energy generated by mitochondria, which are injured by various stresses such as pressure overload or aging. Damaged mitochondria in failing hearts are removed by a mitochondria-specific autophagy, called mitophagy. Dysregulation of mitophagy is implicated in the pathogenesis of heart disease such as heart failure. Mitochondrial morphologies change continuously through actions of mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion) and mitophagy is closely associated with mitochondrial fission to make mitochondria engulfable size by autophagosomes. Atg32 is an essential protein for mitophagy in yeast. Some molecules have been reported to be involved in mitophagy, such as Parkin, FUNDC1 and Bnip3l. However, no Atg32 homologue has been identified in mammalian cells. We hypothesized that an unknown mammalian mitophagy receptor will share the molecular features with Atg32. By screening a public protein database for Atg32 homologues, we identified Bcl-2-like protein 13 (Bcl2-L-13). Initially, we examined the function of Bcl2-L-13 in cardiomyocytes from 1-day-old Wistar rats. Forty-eight hours after infection of cardiomyocytes with an adenoviral vector expressing Bcl2-L-13, mitochondrial fragmentation was induced. In contrast, knockdown of Bcl2-L-13 induced mitochondrial elongation. We carried out further investigation into functions of Bcl2-L-13 using cell lines. Bcl2-L-13 is localized at the mitochondrial outer membrane and bound to LC3 through the WXXI motif and induced mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In Bcl2-L-13, the BH domains are important for mitochondrial fragmentation, while the WXXI motif facilitates mitophagy. Bcl2-L-13 induces mitochondrial fragmentation in the absence of Drp1 which is the master regulator of mitochondrial fission, while it induces mitophagy in Parkin-deficient cells. Next, we investigated physiological function of Bcl2-L-13. Knockdown of Bcl2-L-13 attenuated CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone)-induced fragmentation and mitophagy. CCCP upregulated the phosphorylation level of Bcl2-L-13 Ser272 and Ser272Ala mutant showed less ability for inducing mitophagy. Considering of these, phosphorylation of this protein may regulate its activity. Furthermore, Bcl2-L-13 completely restored mitophagy in atg32-deficient yeast, suggesting that Bcl2-L-13 is a mammalian functional homologue of Atg32. Our findings thus offer novel insights into molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of heart disease. Acknowledgement/Funding British Heart Foundation

Inventário Arbóreo das vias públicas do Centro de João Pessoa, Paraíba

Os problemas criados pelo processo de urbanização estão fazendo as cidades prestarem maior atenção à sua arborização. João Pessoa (PB) é uma cidade que conta com inúmeras áreas verdes, tendo sua arborização central se estabelecido desde 1950. A manutenção da arborização urbana requer o seu diagnóstico e um constante monitoramento, no sentido de garantir a beleza e a saúde das árvores, bem como o usufruto dos seus benefícios ecológicos. Com isso, objetivou-se identificar as espécies arbóreas em 12 vias centrais mais arborizadas de João Pessoa, e também analisar os parâmetros altura, DAP e altura da primeira ramificação. A pesquisa foi realizada de dezembro/2009 a agosto/2010, registrando um total de 527 indivíduos, distribuídos em 32 espécies e 12 famílias. As 11 espécies mais frequentes corresponderam a 91% do total, sendo 81% exóticas. As mais abundantes foram Mangifera indica L. (24%) e Eugenia malaccensis L. (13%). As famílias mais frequentes foram Fabaceae (27,38%), Anacardiaceae (25,05%) e Bignoniaceae (16,7%). A avenida com maior quantidade de árvores apresentou 62 indivíduos, enquanto o menor registro foi de 7. Com relação à diversidade, o número máximo de espécies encontrado por avenida foi 11. Das árvores analisadas, 39% eram de grande porte, 35% apresentavam a primeira ramificação acima de 1,80 m e 55% possuíam o DAP inferior a 0,5 m. Concluiu-se que a cidade apresenta poucas árvores ao longo de suas vias centrais e a maioria apresenta características que comprometem o fluxo, indicando a necessidade de um melhor planejamento da urbanização.

GAMBARAN EFEKTIFITAS AIR FERMENTASI BUAH MENGKUDU MATANG (Morinda citrifolia L.) 13% TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli

Morinda citrifolia telah diketahui sebagai tanaman medis. Mengkudu menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap infeksi bakteri, virus, parasit dan jamur. E. coli merupakan bakteri yang paling sering menyebabkan diare. Resistensi E. coli terhadap berbagai antibiotika telah banyak dilaporkan, khususnya antibiotik golongan β-laktam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kepekaan E. coli yang berasal dari spesimen klinis terhadap air yang diperoleh dari fermentasi terhadap buah mengkudu matang. Jenis penelitian deskriptif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah bakteri Escherichia coli, sampel pada penelitian ini adalah suspensi bakteri Escherichia coli 10, Sampling pada penelitian ini menggunakan quota sampling. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi data. Pengolahan data dan analisi menggunakan coding dan tabulating.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terbentuk diameter zona hambat pada media MHA yang ditanami bakteri Escherichia coli dengan menggunakan cakram yang mengandung air fermentasi buah mengkudu matang 13%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian gambaran efektifitas Air fermentasi buah mengkudu matang (Morinda citrifolia) dengan konsentrasi 13% terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli, tidak efektif ditunjukkan dengan tidak terbentuknya zona hambat. Kata Kunci : Escherichia coli, Fermentasi, Mengkudu