MOBILE WALLETS AND CONSUMER SPENDING IN SINGAPORE: AGARWAL et al. REVISITED

Agarwal et al. ( 2019 ). Mobile wallet and entrepreneurial growth. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 109, 48–53 analyze the impact of the introduction of quick response (QR) codes for mobile payments in Singapore. They find that this not only resulted in a significant increase in the use of mobile wallets, but that there was also a positive spillover effect on debit and credit card payments — in particular at small and new businesses. This note argues that the increase in card sales cannot have been driven by the QR code technology. I also proffer an alternative explanation, namely, that Agarwal et al. simply capture the concurrent increase in popularity of contactless cards.

Entrepreneurship and SMMEs in South Africa

The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurship and SMMEs in South Africa by presenting a broad range of key economic questions, challenges, and policy issues. Acknowledging the complexity of describing entrepreneurship and SMMEs, due to definitional controversies and the variety of contexts in which these phenomena occur, different typologies are juxtaposed to highlight the heterogeneity in entrepreneurial activity. Despite a lack of consistent and accurate data, the findings show that while entrepreneurship is publicly campaigned as an imperative for national economic development and employment creation, in reality South Africa’s low established-business entrepreneurial activity rate does not result in any significant economic growth. By interrogating a broad range of individual and contextual factors in the South African entrepreneurial ecosystem, it is evident that a number of structural, institutional, market, and policy issues obstruct productive entrepreneurial growth and development.

Model Pembangunan Inkubator Wirausaha Syariah Perguruan Tinggi di Palembang

Entrepreneurship has existed since ancient times, and the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ exemplified business, buying and selling, and expanding business opportunities. Economic development has as one of its objectives the provision of employment opportunities to anticipate labor force growth that exceeds job opportunities and creates new job opportunities. Some factors determine this. To begin, population growth is typically greater than capital growth. Second, the demographic profile is younger, which means that a more significant number of people are entering the workforce. Thirdly, the industrial structure, which is characterized by a lack of economic diversification and an insufficient level of population skills. Additionally, entrepreneurial activity is still low, and new young businesses have not been particularly active in starting a business opportunity that can be created and run after they graduate from college, which has an effect on a country's level of entrepreneurial growth among youth.

Analyzing Strategic Entrepreneurship among Women Entrepreneurs of Jammu & Kashmir

In an emerging nation like India, entrepreneurship has the ability to present a solution for many problems related to the economy. The Union territory (UT) of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) has grave issues of high unemployment and low GDP. A strong form of entrepreneurship can help them overcome these issues. Strategic entrepreneurship has been proposed recently as a form of entrepreneurship which can do wonders for any organisation. So, the present endeavour assesses the strategic entrepreneurship among women owned enterprises in Jammu & Kashmir. The results propose strategic resource management, entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurial culture to contribute towards Strategic Entrepreneurship among women entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial leadership is not found to have any significant impact there. In this study a model has been proposed to train women entrepreneurs so that their level of strategic entrepreneurship can be improved. With this they can contribute towards the entrepreneurial growth in J&K and thus overall economic development can be ensured.

Innovation affecting growth aspirations of early stage entrepreneurs: culture and economic freedom matter

Purpose Earlier research confirms the positive effect of innovation in shaping growth ambitions of entrepreneurs. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the effect of innovation on growth ambitions of entrepreneurs is contingent on the role of institutions, namely, culture and economic freedom. In other words, the authors’ objective is to provide an institutionally contingent understanding of the role of innovation in shaping growth ambitions of early-stage entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied hierarchical linear modeling technique on the data of 100,566 early-stage entrepreneurs in 109 countries that participated in annual surveys of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Findings The authors find that the effect of innovation on shaping growth ambitions of early stage entrepreneurs is contingent on the role of culture such that, in secular cultures, innovation benefits growth ambitions more than traditional cultures. Further, the authors found that the effect of innovation on growth expectations is dependent on the level of economic freedom in the country in which the firms operate so that in the countries with higher level of economic freedom, early-stage entrepreneurs expect more growth out of their innovation as compared to their counterparts in the depressed economies. Originality/value The results contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurial growth aspirations as a result of the interplay of entrepreneur–firm–environment nexus.

The Development of Cellular Automata-based Entrepreneurial Growth Simulator

Entrepreneurship plays an essential role in the economic growth of a country. These roles include creating jobs, reducing unemployment, increasing people's income, combining production factors (nature, labor, capital, and expertise), and increasing national productivity. For the economy to thrive and healthy, it requires at least 4% of the population who work as entrepreneurs. Due to this vital role, entrepreneurial growth must be maintained. One of the efforts to do this is by monitoring growth directly and continuously. Besides that, another way is to do a simulation. By knowing the condition of entrepreneurship at one time and all the factors that affect entrepreneurial growth, simulations can be carried out to determine or predict future conditions. Based on this simulation, essential steps can be taken, or policies can be made to maintain profitable entrepreneurial growth. This paper presents a mathematical model that can simulate and visualize entrepreneurship's growth in six provinces of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. This mathematical model uses cellular automata as its basis and is called Entrepreneurial Cellular Automata (ECA). One of the advantages of Cellular Automata is that it is easy to visualize. The entrepreneurial model used as a reference is a model from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM). This mathematical model has been implemented in a simulator program. This paper describes the simulator development and the use of simulator to simulate and visualize the entrepreneurial growth of the six provinces.