MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES IN THE REGIONAL HISTORY MUSEUMS IN BULGARIA

The main role for access to cultural values, i.e., for their socialization in the modern society, have cultural institutions. This paper proposes results for researching of 186 museum educational programs and initiatives divided into 27 regional history museums in Bulgaria. Methodology aims to outline the main directions for deriving categories related to quantitative and qualitative indicators on meeting certain educational needs. A key element in the research is to establish the degree of interaction of cultural institutions with the school education system in the country. The results of the collected statistical data and the thematic analysis of the educational activities can be of benefit to the scientific community for specialists in the field of culturology, pedagogy, museology, cultural heritage and other scientific fields. The research is part of a research project with Contract № KP-06-M35/3 from 18.12.2019 entitled: „Research of contemporary educational programs of cultural institutions in Bulgaria“, funded by the National Science Fund, part of the Ministry of Education and Science.

Secular geomagnetic field variations in Bulgarian lands during Classical Age and Late Antiquity – new archaeomagnetic data

<p>Numerous historical sources and archaeological monuments attest the age of Antiquity in Bulgaria – from both the early Roman period (I – III c.) and Late Antiquity (IV – VI c.). Owing to systematic archaeological excavations, lasting more than 100 years, plenty of information has been accumulated concerning not only all aspects and manifestations of its material culture, but also their evolution and chronology.  This in turn allows for interdisciplinary fields such as archaeomagnetism to progress.</p><p>There are many archaeomagnetically studied archaeological structures from the Antiquity. The results included in the Bulgarian database form 74 reference points. However, only 20 of them are full-vector determinations because 70 % of the investigated materials are bricks. Hence, the secular variation of declination is poorly constrained within the considered period. Moreover, the reuse of bricks in the constructions occurred quite often (especially in the Late Antiquity) providing for possible errors in archaeological dating. In addition, stronger effects of magnetic anisotropy and cooling rate are usually expected for bricks than for hearths, domestic ovens, production kilns or burnt dwelling remains (there are no results from pottery in the Bulgarian dataset) and both factors are not evaluated for most of the older results. All this can explain the contradictions observed between some of the experimental results juxtaposed over the absolute time scale. In an attempt to clarify these contradictions 13 baked clay structures from eight archaeological sites were archaeomagnetically studied producing seven new directional and eight new intensity data. The samples collected possess variable magnetic properties suggesting differences in clay sources and/or firing conditions. Magnetically soft minerals prevail in seven structures but in the remaining six, abundant HCSLT phase is detected. The success rate of archaeointensity determination experiments vary from 49 to 100 %. It appears that samples containing HCSLT phase always produces good araeointensity results unlike those with the dominant presence of soft carriers.</p><p>The new reference points are compared with the present compilation of Bulgarian archaeomagnetic dataset and with the data from the neighboring countries.</p><p> </p><p>This study is supported by the grant KP-06-Russia-10 from the Bulgarian National Science Fund and Russian Foundation of the Basic Research grant 19-55-18006.</p>

Radiation environment in the interplanetary space and Mars orbit during the declining phase of 24th solar cycle and transition to 25th cycle according measurements aboard ExoMars TGO

<p>Radiation environment in the interplanetary space and Mars orbit during the declining phase of 24th solar cycle and transition to 25th cycle according measurements aboard ExoMars TGO</p><p>Jordanka Semkova1, Rositza Koleva1, Victor Benghin3, Krasimir Krastev1, Tsvetan Dachev1, Yuri Matviichuk1, Borislav Tomov1, Stephan Maltchev1, Plamen Dimitrov1, Nikolay Bankov1, Igor Mitrofanov2, Alexey Malakhov2, Dmitry Golovin2, Maxim Mokrousov2, Anton Sanin2, Maxim Litvak2, Maya Djachkova2, Sergey Nikiforov2, Denis Lisov2, Artem Anikin2, Vyacheslav Shurshakov<sup>3</sup>, Sergey Drobyshev<sup>3</sup></p><p> </p><p><sup>1</sup>Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, [email protected]</p><p><sup>2</sup>Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, [email protected]</p><p><sup>3</sup>State Scientific Center of Russian Federation, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, [email protected]</p><p> </p><p>The dosimetric telescope Liulin-MO for measuring the radiation environment is a module of the Fine Resolution Epithermal Neutron Detector (FREND) onboard the ExoMars TGO.</p><p>Here we present results from measurements of the charged particle fluxes, dose rates and estimation of radiation quality factors and dose equivalent rates at ExoMars TGO science orbit (circular orbit with 400 km altitude, 74<sup>0 </sup>inclination, 2 hours orbit period), provided by Liulin-MO from May 01, 2018 to January 10, 2021.</p><p>The obtained data show that: an increase of the dose rates and fluxes is observed from May 2018 to February 2020 which corresponds to the increase of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) intensity during the declining of the solar activity in 24th solar cycle; From March to August 2020 the measured radiation values are practically equal, corresponding to the minimum of 24th cycle and transition to 25th cycle. The highest values of the dose rate (15.5/16.2 µGy h-1 at two perpendicular directions) and particle flux (3.24/3.33 cm-2s-1 at two perpendicular directions) are registered in this period; Since September 2020 a decrease of the dose rates and fluxes is observed, corresponding to the decrease of GCR intensity during the inclination phase of the 25th cycle.</p><p>The cosmic ray fluxes and doses measured in Mars orbit are recalculated into values meaningful for the deep interplanetary space at about 1.5 AU. The flux in the free space is at least 3.68 cm-2s-1 and the dose rate is 18.9 µGy h-1 in August 2020. The results demonstrate that the radiation conditions in the interplanetary space worsen in the minimum of the solar activity in 24th cycle compared to the previous solar minimum.</p><p>Liulin-MO charged particles measurements are compared for completeness to similar measurements performed by FREND neutron detectors: the instrument’s 3He neutron detectors are also a source of charged particles flux signal that can be used for correlation.</p><p>The results are of importance for benchmarking of the space radiation environment models and for assessment of the radiation risk to future manned missions to Mars.</p><p>Acknowledgements</p><p>The work in Bulgaria is supported by Project No 129 (KP-06 Russia 24) for bilateral projects of the National Science Fund of Bulgaria and Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The work in Russia is supported by Grant 19-52-18009 for bilateral projects of the National Science Fund of Bulgaria and Russian Foundation for Basic Research.</p>

A whole century in the vibrating net of arts

The edition of Bratoeva-Darakchieva, Ingeborg; Genova, Irina; Levi, Claire; Spassova-Dikova, Joanna; Stoilova-Doncheva, Teodora; Tasheva, Stela; Traykova, Elka. Bulgarian 20th Century in Arts and Culture. Institute of Art Studies, 2019, ISBN: 978-954-8594-77-6, 632 рр. 333 ill. http://artstudies.bg/books/BG_XX_EN_2019_IIIzk.pdf in Bulgarian and in English in two separate books comes as a result of a collaborative interdisciplinary project supported by the National Science Fund, Bulgaria, which aims to present a general view on the history of arts in Bulgaria during the 20th century. There are specific but also general, parallel intellectual and artistic processes observed in the field of literature, theatre, music, cinema, visual arts and architecture. The accent is put on phenomena related to the modernization of Bulgarian culture and its place in the context of the flexible, dynamic cultural dimensions of modern Europe. The texts are structured in three parts: Under the Sign of Modern Europe (1878–1944), Metamorphoses of Modernity (1945–1989), Challenges in a Time of Transition (1989–2000). Splitting the period into topical parts creates convenience of sharpening the accents related to various “aspects of change” in the development of a particular art and its specific reflections from the point of view of personal and community identity analysed in synchronous or diachronous terms. The marking of such cross nodes (temporal, socio-cultural, institutional, genric, etc.) by following mosaic-chronological principle is conventional and provocative to the traditional idea concerning developmental trends in Bulgarian culture of the past century. The publication is richly illustrated and has an extensive bibliography. It is intended for a wide range of readers. It is evaluated as excellent edition by the National Science Fund, Bulgaria.

SOME RESULTS FROM A SURVEY ABOUT FORMING DIGITAL LITERACY OF 8 YEARS OLD STUDENTS

Contemporary children live in a digital era and it is almost impossible for them not to be tempted by technologies. This article presents some interesting results from Bulgarian project „Digital Competencies and Media Education at Pre-school and Primary School Age” (National Science Fund; Н05/8 14.12.2016). In 2018 there were interviewed 637 children from 13 Bulgarian towns. The focus in this article is only 8 years old students and their digital habits. The author is a Member of the team of the COST project ‘Digital literacy and multimodal practices of young children’ (Action IS1410) – DigiLitEY. In March 2019 in Manchester on the final project’s meeting of DigiLitEY were presented results connect ed with the key participants for this COST’s project – up to 8 years old students. This article analyses this aged group and their attitudes of digital technologies.

SOME RESULTS FROM A SURVEY ABOUT FORMING DIGITAL LITERACY OF 8 YEARS OLD STUDENTS

Contemporary children live in a digital era and it is almost impossible for them not to be tempted by technologies. This article presents some interesting results from Bulgarian project „Digital Competencies and Media Education at Pre-school and Primary School Age” (National Science Fund; Н05/8 14.12.2016). In 2018 there were interviewed 637 children from 13 Bulgarian towns. The focus in this article is only 8 years old students and their digital habits. The author is a Member of the team of the COST project ‘Digital literacy and multimodal practices of young children’ (Action IS1410) – DigiLitEY. In March 2019 in Manchester on the final project’s meeting of DigiLitEY were presented results connect ed with the key participants for this COST’s project – up to 8 years old students. This article analyses this aged group and their attitudes of digital technologies.

Virtual Reality Development and the Socialization of Bulgarian Cultural Heritage

The aim of the paper is to show to what extent so far the virtual reality has entered the exhibition concepts of museums in Bulgaria. Two aspects have been emphasized: the integration of information technologies in education in the sphere of cultural heritage and the digital presentation of museum displays. This article presents part of the activities and results on research Project Models of Socialization of Cultural Heritage in a ‘smart city’ ДН05/3, 14.12.2016, supported by the National Science Fund at the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science. Descriptive qualitative method was employed in this study. The data were obtained through direct observations of museum institutions in Bulgaria in terms of the degree of online access to museum expositions, the degree of digitization of museum collections and the degree of digital representation of museum expositions. Some of the basic problems of museums in Bulgaria have been systematized. Results are used to improve the quality of education in the field of cultural heritage, to promote the exchange of scientific and practical experience among university tutors, museum specialists and experts. It is expected that the results find application in the programs for informing and training for raising the capacity of local communities in the sphere of cultural tourism.

Virtual Reality Development and the Socialization of Bulgarian Cultural Heritage

The aim of the paper is to show to what extent so far the virtual reality has entered the exhibition concepts of museums in Bulgaria. Two aspects have been emphasized: the integration of information technologies in education in the sphere of cultural heritage and the digital presentation of museum displays. This article presents part of the activities and results on research Project Models of Socialization of Cultural Heritage in a ‘smart city’ ДН05/3, 14.12.2016, supported by the National Science Fund at the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science. Descriptive qualitative method was employed in this study. The data were obtained through direct observations of museum institutions in Bulgaria in terms of the degree of online access to museum expositions, the degree of digitization of museum collections and the degree of digital representation of museum expositions. Some of the basic problems of museums in Bulgaria have been systematized. Results are used to improve the quality of education in the field of cultural heritage, to promote the exchange of scientific and practical experience among university tutors, museum specialists and experts. It is expected that the results find application in the programs for informing and training for raising the capacity of local communities in the sphere of cultural tourism.